scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Kitosan dari Cangkang Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata) dengan Metode Microwave sebagai Bahan Dasar Kapsul Obat

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Mashuni Mashuni ◽  
Muhammad Natsir ◽  
Wahyuni Mia Lestari ◽  
Fitri Handayani Hamid ◽  
Muhammad Jahiding
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Isolation Method ◽  
Glucosamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Deacetylation Degree ◽  
Mangrove Crab

<p><span id="docs-internal-guid-d3b7bd3f-7fff-cc00-182f-e3199a97eb45"><span>Cangkang kepiting bakau (</span><span>Scylla serrata</span><span>) mengandung senyawa kitin  yang dapat ditransformasi menjadi kitosan sebagai bahan pembuatan kapsul obat. Proses transfomasi ini masih perlu untuk dikembangkan lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan kapsul obat berbahan dasar cangkang kepiting bakau dengan metode </span><span>microwave</span><span>. Metode isolasi kitin dari cangkang kepiting bakau meliputi proses deproteinasi, demineralisasi, dan dekolorisasi. Sintesis kitosan menggunakan metode </span><span>microwave </span><span>(daya 450 watt selama 15 menit) dalam pelarut NaOH 50% (b/v) dengan perbandingan 1:20 (b/v), selanjutnya kitosan dihidrolisis menggunakan larutan HCl 20% (v/v) untuk menghasilkan glukosamin hidroklorida (GlcN HCl). Pembuatan kapsul obat dengan perbandingan GlcN HCl dan larutan sukrosa yaitu masing-masing 3:1, 3:3, dan 3:5. Rendemen kitosan yang diperoleh sebanyak 37,5% dengan derajat deasetilasi 83,8%. Kapsul obat diperoleh perlakuan terbaik pada perbandingan GlcN HCl-larutan sukrosa 3:1. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap spektra kapsul obat, diidentifikasi adanya gugus O−H, −CH</span><span><span>3</span></span><span>, N−H, C−N, C−O, dan β-1,4-glikosidik. Karakteristik sifat fisik menunjukkan bahwa kapsul obat memiliki kadar air 12,7%, uji waktu hancur 13 menit 34 detik dan kelarutan dalam asam 3 menit 17 detik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kitosan cangkang kepiting bakau telah memenuhi kriteria bahan dasar kapsul obat sesuai kriteria farmakope Indonesia.</span></span></p><p><span><span><span id="docs-internal-guid-2e94a9c8-7fff-0821-25f9-df9a4ae907c6"><strong>Utilization of Chitosan from Mangrove Crab Shell (Scylla serrata</strong><span><strong>) using the Microwave Method as a Base Material for Medicinal Capsules</strong>. </span><span>The mangrove crab shell (</span><span>Scylla</span><span>serrata</span><span>) contains a chitin compound potentially transformed into chitosan as an ingredient for medicinal capsules. The research on this transformation process needs further developments. This research aims to produce chitin-based medicinal capsules of mangrove crab shells by microwave methods. The chitin isolation method of mangrove crab shells covers the process of deproteinization, demineralization, and decoloration. The synthesis of chitosan used microwave methods (450 watts of power for 15 minutes) in the solvent of 50% NaOH (w/v) with a ratio of 1:20 (b/v). Chitosan was then hydrolyzed using 20% HCl (v/v) solution to produce glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN HCl). Preparation of drug capsules with a ratio of GlcN HCl and sucrose solution, namely 3:1, 3:3, and 3:5, respectively. The chitosan yield was obtained as much as 37.5% with a deacetylation degree of 83.8%. The best treatment of the medicinal capsules was obtained on the ratio of GlcN HCl and sucrose solution 3:1. The FTIR analysis of medicinal capsules are identified by the presence of the O−H, −CH</span><span><span>3</span></span><span>, N−H, C−N, C−O, and β-1.4-glycosidic. The physical characterization showed that the medicinal capsules have a water content of 12.7%, the test of destroyed time of 13 minutes 34 seconds, and soluble in acid that is 3 minutes 17 seconds. The results show that chitosan prepared from mangrove crab shell is potentially used as a basic ingredient for medicinal capsules because it met the criteria for Indonesian pharmacopoeial capsules.</span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><br /></span></span></p>

Lagenidium infection in eggs and larvae of mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) produced in Indonesia

Mycoscience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyo Nakamura ◽  
Miho Nakamura ◽  
Kishio Hatai ◽  
Zafran
Keyword(s):  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

scholarly journals Synthesis of Nano Chitosan as Carrier Material of Cinnamon’s Active Component

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngadiwiyana Ngadiwiyana ◽  
Enny Fachriyah ◽  
Purbowatiningrum Ria Sarjono ◽  
Nor Basid Adiwibawa Prasetya ◽  
Ismiyarto Ismiyarto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Deacetylation Degree ◽  
Transmission Electron

Development and innovation to improve the efficacy of active ingredients of a plant can be done by using nanoparticle encapsulation of chitosan, which has dual function of protecting natural extracts degradation and delivering natural extracts to the target site. Chitosan is a natural polymer that is nontoxic, mucoadhesive, biodegradable, and biocompatible. This polymer also has a low level of immunogenicity and can be prepared into nanoparticles in mild conditions that make it suitable for natural extracts delivery systems. This paper reported synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles for cinnamon’s natural extract delivery. Chitosan synthesis was carried out by chitin deacetylation isolated from shrimp shells. Chitosan characterization was done by measuring deacetylation degree by FTIR. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method using tripolyphosphate as crosslinker. Morphology and particle size of nano chitosan were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The result found that the yield of deproteinated chitin was 62.60%. Further process of demineralization resulted a yield of 52.60%, then depigmentation with a yield of 75.56%, and deacetylation with a yield of 79.02%. FTIR analysis showed that deacetylation degree of chitin into chitosan was found of 87.78%. Characterization by SEM found that nano chitosan has a particle size of 87 nm. While TEM images showed that the nano chitosan has a uniform shape and a lower physical aggregation.

scholarly journals The population and mortality characteristics of mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) in the mangrove ecosystem of Tarakan City, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
AGUS INDARJO ◽  
Gazali Salim ◽  
MUFRIDA ZEIN ◽  
DODDY SEPTIAN ◽  
STEPHANIE BIJA
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Length ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
Mangrove Crabs

Abstract. Indarjo A, Salim G, Zein M, Septian D, Bija S. 2020. The population and mortality characteristics of mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) in the mangrove ecosystem of Tarakan City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3856-3866. The mangrove crab is an iconic species of Tarakan City and is often is used as a souvenir. However, the high demand for this species can cause its population to decline. This study aimed to characterize the mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) population in the mangrove ecosystem of Tarakan City, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. This study was designed using a quantitative descriptive method with a case study model. The samples of mangrove crabs were obtained from 6 different stations using a purposive sampling method. The mangrove crab specimens were caught using 35-50 units of crab traps known as the ambau brackets. The primary data included carapace length, carapace width, carapace thickness, sex, and the total weight of each mangrove crab specimen. The results showed that male mangrove crabs have positive allometric growth when the condition index was fat. However, female crabs exhibited negative allometric growth when the condition index was thin. The Von Bertalanffy growth model analysis showed that the maximum carapace length of male mangrove crab in the mangrove ecosystem of Tarakan City was approximately 11.1118 cm for 189 days, while the female length was 9.6474 cm for 80 days. The total mortality value of male and female crabs was 120.01% and 154.94%, the mortality due to fishing was 84.69% and 135.75%, and natural mortality was 35.32% and 19.2%, respectively. The estimated rate of exploitation of both male and female crabs was 70.57% and 87.61%, respectively. The exploitation of S. serrata in the mangrove ecosystem of Tarakan City was evident, hence, conservation efforts are urgently required.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MUTILASI DAN ABLASI TERHADAP MOLTING KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla Serrata) SEBAGAI KEPITING LUNAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Khairiah Khairiah ◽  
Supriyono Eko Wardoyo ◽  
Pasril Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Ablation Technique ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
And Control

Effect of Mutilation and Ablation to Molting of Mangrove Crab (Scylla serrata) as Soft Crab          Soft crabs that are more expensive than regular crab, that having hard carapace, in nature and in culture are very difficult to find. This study aimed to get the soft crabs more easily controlled the number  of molting in culture, by the method of mutilation and ablation. Thus the supply in market will be able to meet existing demand. Four treatment techniques had been implemented namely mutilation, ablation, ablation + mutilation, and controls which each performed four replications. Complete Randomized Desaign (CRD) was used because the experiment was conducted in a fairly homogeneous patch of tambak pond. Experimental unit in the form of bamboo pen cages with the size of 2x1x1m filled with 20 crabs.  All experimental crabs were ready for molting (dark color) even with 40-90 g of varied sizes. The results showed that each week until the third week, the average number of crabs per unit experiment with techniques of mutilation was always having highest of molting number, respectively 1.00, 3.25, and 11.00 crabs and having the lowest mortality rate, respectively  0. 25, 1.75, and 1.25 crabs, compared with the ablation, mutilations + ablation technique, and control. Statistically  four treatments in molting, in week two and  three was significantly different , eventhough in mortality was not (α = 5%).Keywords : mangrove crab (Scilla serrata), soft crabs, mutilation, ablation ABSTRAK                Kepiting lunak yang  harganya lebih mahal dari kepiting biasa bercangkang keras, di alam maupun dalam budidaya sangat susah ditemukan.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kepiting lunak yang lebih mudah terkontrol jumlahnya dalam budidaya, dengan metoda mutilasi dan ablasi.  Dengan demikian dalam  pasar ketersediaannya akan dapat memenuhi permintaan yang ada. Empat perlakuan telah dilaksanakan yaitu teknik mutilasi, ablasi, mutilasi+ablasi, dan kontrol dengan masing-masing dilakukan empat kali ulangan. Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) digunakan karena percobaan ini dilakukan di suatu petak tambak yang cukup homogen. Unit percobaan berupa keramba bambu tancap ukuran 2x1x1m yang diisi 20 kepiting yang semua kepiting dalam percobaan siap molting (warnanya gelap) meskipun dengan ukuran yang bervariatif 40-90 g. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tiap minggu sampai pada minggu ke tiga  rata-rata jumlah kepiting per unit percobaan dengan teknik mutilasi selalu tertinggi terjadinya proses molting yaitu masing–masing 1,00; 3,25; dan 11,00 ekor dan mortalitasnya terendah yaitu 0,25; 1,75; dan 1,25 ekor dibanding dengan teknik ablasi, mutilasi+ablasi; dan kontrol.  Secara statistik ke empat perlakuan dalam molting pada minggu ke dua dan ke tiga berbeda nyata hasil terbaik ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan mutilasi, meskipun dalam mortalitas tidak  berbeda nyata (selang kepercayaan 95 %).Kata Kunci : Kepiting bakau (Scilla serrata), kepiting lunak, mutilasi, ablasi.

scholarly journals Pengaruh ekstrak minyak cumi pada umpan bubu terhadap hasil tangkapan kepiting bakau dan rajungan di Perairan Malise Kecamatan Tabukan Tengah

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maichel Arvan Pananggung ◽  
Ivor L. Labaro ◽  
Emil Reppie
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Swimming Crab ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Mangrove Crabs ◽  
By Catch

ABSTRACT Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) and swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) are economically important marine commodities produced from the coastal waters of Sangihe Islands Regency. But those marine commodity products are usually only caught accidentally with a bottom gill net. There has been a special trap fishing gear for that resources, but not known well by local fishermen. Addition of squid oil extraction baits could increase the fishing power of mangrove crab and swimming crab traps. This research aims to study the effect of squid oil extract on traps bait to catch mangrove crab and swimming crab; and identify the types of biota captured. This research was done in coastal waters of Malise village, Tabukan Tengah District of Sangihe Islands Regency for 2 weeks September 2015; based on experimental method. Six unit traps were operated ten trips where three units of them used scad mackerel bait that injected with squid oil extract, and tree other units just used scad mackerel bait without extract; and the capture data were analyzed using t test. The catch was 142 individuals (135 mangrove crabs and 7 swimming crab); where 86 crabs was caught by scad mackerel bait with squid oil extract, and 56 crabs caught with bait without squid oil extract. The analysis showed that the use of squid oil extracts on trap baits increased the catch. Keywords: mangrove crab, swimming crab,trap baits, squid oil extract, Sangihe   ABSTRAK[1] Kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) dan rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) merupakan komoditi hasil laut ekonomis penting yang dihasilkan dari perairan pantai Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Tetapi komoditi hasil laut tersebut biasanya hanya tertangkap tanpa sengaja (by catch) dengan jaring insang dasar. Sebenarnya telah ada alat tangkap bubu khusus untuk kepiting bakau dan rajungan, tetapi belum dikenal oleh nelayan lokal. Pemberian ekstrak minyak cumi pada umpan, diduga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan tangkap dari bubu kepiting bakau dan rajungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh ekstrak minyak cumi pada umpan bubu terhadap hasil tangkapan kepiting bakau dan rajungan, dan mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis biota yang tertangkap. Penelitian ini dilakukan di perairan Malise Kecamatan Tabukan Tengah, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe; selama 2 minggu pada bulan September 2015; yang didasarkan pada metode eksperimental. Enam unit bubu dioperasikan selama sepuluh trip untuk mengumpulkan data; di mana tiga unit menggunakan umpan ikan layang yang disuntikan ekstrak minyak cumi, dan tiga unit lainnya hanya menggunakan umpan ikan laying tanpa ekstrak; dan data dianalisis dengan uji t. Tangkapan total berjumlah 142 ekor (135 ekor kepiting bakau dan 7 ekor rajungan); di mana 86 ekor tertangkap dengan umpan layang yang diberi ekstrak minyak cumi, dan 56 ekor tertangkap dengan umpan tanpa ekstrak. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ekstrak minyak cumi pada umpan bubu, memberikan hasil tangkapan yang sangat berbeda dibandingkan dengan umpan tanpa ekstrak minyak cumi. Kata-kata kunci: kepiting bakau, rajungan, umpan bubu, ekstrak minyak cumi, Sangihe  

scholarly journals Utilization of Waste Crab Shell (Scylla serrata) as a Catalyst in Palm Olein Transesterification

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 499-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Lim Boey ◽  
Gaanty Pragas Maniam ◽  
Shafida Abd Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Palm Olein ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Crab Shell

scholarly journals Growth of Mangrove crab Scylla Serrata The Given Different Types of Feed (Pertumbuhan Kepiting Bakau Scylla Serrata Yang Diberi Berbagai Jenis Pakan)

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Djoko Suprapto ◽  
Ita Widowati ◽  
Ervia Yudiati ◽  
Subandiyono Subandiyono
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
Female Crab ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Male Crab ◽  
Mangrove Crab

Meningkatnya permintaan kepiting untuk ekspor terutama disebabkan kelezatan dan kandungan gizi dagingnya. Namun pada umumnya masih berasal dari hasil tangkapan dari alam, oleh karenanya peningkatan teknologi budidaya sangat penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis kelamin, jenis pakan dan metode pembesaran terhadap pertumbuhan kepiting.Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental, dalam menganalisis pengaruh variable menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan pola faktorial 2x2x3. Laju pertumbuhan mutlak dan pertambahan berat diukur setiap minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepiting jantan dipelihara secara individu dengan pakan ikan mempunyai pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi yaitu 1,07 g.hari-1 dan pertambahan berat (weight gain) tertinggi pula yaitu 84,73%. Pemeliharaan massal, kepiting betina dengan pakan ikan rucah memiliki laju pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi yaitu 0,80 g.hari-1. Sedangkan weight gain tertinggi diperoleh pada kepiting jantan yang diberi pakan ikan yaitu 52,03%. Anova tes menunjukkan pengaruh jenis kelamin dan interaksinya berbeda nyata. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan kepiting dengan pakan ikan rucah lebih tinggi dibandingkan kepiting dengan pakan kerang dan campuran dari ikan dan kerang. Kepiting jantan yang dipelihara secara individu diberi pakan ikan rucah tumbuh lebih baik dibandingkan kepiting betina. Pertumbuhan Kepiting betina yang dipelihara secara massal dan diberi pakan ikan rucah memiliki peertumbuhan paling tinggi. Kata kunci: pertumbuhan, jenis kelamin, pakan alami, Scylla serrata, wadah pemeliharaan The increase of the export demand of crabs (Scylla serrata), among others caused by the good taste and have a very high nutrition value, but most of the crab still collected by fishing of natural stock. Therefore, technology of crabs culture should be enhanced. This research was aiming to understand the influence of sexual, feeding regime, environmental factors to the growth rate. This research was conducted experimentally using the randomized block design with factorial pattern 2x2x3. The growth rate and weight gain were measured weekly. The results show that male crab reared in individual aquarium fed by mixed fish revealed the quickest ultimate growth rate i.e. 1.07 g.day-1, as well as achieving the highest weight gain i.e. 84.73%. While in mass rearing method, female crab fed by mixed fish achieved the highest ultimate growth rate ie. 0.8 g.day-1, and the highest weight gain achieved in male crab fed by mixed fish i.e. 52.03%. Anova test reveal that sexual factor and it’s interaction was significantly different. The research conclude that the growth of the crab fed by mixed fish was higher than those fed by bivalve meat or combination of mixed fish with bivalve meat; male crab reared individually and fed with mixed fish revealed has higher growth rate then the female crab; and the growth rate of female crab reared in a mass and fed by mixed fish revealed the highest growth rate. Keywords : growth, sexual, natural feed, Scylla serrata, rearing media

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