scholarly journals Growth of Mangrove crab Scylla Serrata The Given Different Types of Feed (Pertumbuhan Kepiting Bakau Scylla Serrata Yang Diberi Berbagai Jenis Pakan)

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Djoko Suprapto ◽  
Ita Widowati ◽  
Ervia Yudiati ◽  
Subandiyono Subandiyono
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
Female Crab ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Male Crab ◽  
Mangrove Crab

Meningkatnya permintaan kepiting untuk ekspor terutama disebabkan kelezatan dan kandungan gizi dagingnya. Namun pada umumnya masih berasal dari hasil tangkapan dari alam, oleh karenanya peningkatan teknologi budidaya sangat penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis kelamin, jenis pakan dan metode pembesaran terhadap pertumbuhan kepiting.Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental, dalam menganalisis pengaruh variable menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan pola faktorial 2x2x3. Laju pertumbuhan mutlak dan pertambahan berat diukur setiap minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepiting jantan dipelihara secara individu dengan pakan ikan mempunyai pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi yaitu 1,07 g.hari-1 dan pertambahan berat (weight gain) tertinggi pula yaitu 84,73%. Pemeliharaan massal, kepiting betina dengan pakan ikan rucah memiliki laju pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi yaitu 0,80 g.hari-1. Sedangkan weight gain tertinggi diperoleh pada kepiting jantan yang diberi pakan ikan yaitu 52,03%. Anova tes menunjukkan pengaruh jenis kelamin dan interaksinya berbeda nyata. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan kepiting dengan pakan ikan rucah lebih tinggi dibandingkan kepiting dengan pakan kerang dan campuran dari ikan dan kerang. Kepiting jantan yang dipelihara secara individu diberi pakan ikan rucah tumbuh lebih baik dibandingkan kepiting betina. Pertumbuhan Kepiting betina yang dipelihara secara massal dan diberi pakan ikan rucah memiliki peertumbuhan paling tinggi. Kata kunci: pertumbuhan, jenis kelamin, pakan alami, Scylla serrata, wadah pemeliharaan The increase of the export demand of crabs (Scylla serrata), among others caused by the good taste and have a very high nutrition value, but most of the crab still collected by fishing of natural stock. Therefore, technology of crabs culture should be enhanced. This research was aiming to understand the influence of sexual, feeding regime, environmental factors to the growth rate. This research was conducted experimentally using the randomized block design with factorial pattern 2x2x3. The growth rate and weight gain were measured weekly. The results show that male crab reared in individual aquarium fed by mixed fish revealed the quickest ultimate growth rate i.e. 1.07 g.day-1, as well as achieving the highest weight gain i.e. 84.73%. While in mass rearing method, female crab fed by mixed fish achieved the highest ultimate growth rate ie. 0.8 g.day-1, and the highest weight gain achieved in male crab fed by mixed fish i.e. 52.03%. Anova test reveal that sexual factor and it’s interaction was significantly different. The research conclude that the growth of the crab fed by mixed fish was higher than those fed by bivalve meat or combination of mixed fish with bivalve meat; male crab reared individually and fed with mixed fish revealed has higher growth rate then the female crab; and the growth rate of female crab reared in a mass and fed by mixed fish revealed the highest growth rate. Keywords : growth, sexual, natural feed, Scylla serrata, rearing media

scholarly journals PARAMETER POPULASI DAN TINGKAT PEMANFAATAN KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla serrata Forsskal, 1775) DI PERAIRAN SEBATIK, KALIMANTAN UTARA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Tirtadanu Tirtadanu ◽  
Umi Chodrijah
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Von Bertalanffy ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Female Crab ◽  
Male Crab ◽  
Exploitation Rate

Salah satu informasi yang diperlukan untuk merumuskan pengelolaan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata Forsskal, 1775) yang berkelanjutan adalah parameter populasi dan tingkat pemanfaatannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji parameter populasi dan tingkat pemanfaatan kepiting bakau di perairan Sebatik. Penelitian dilakukan pada Maret-Desember 2017. Sampel kepiting bakau di peroleh dari hasil tangkapan nelayan dengan alat tangkap bubu di perairan Sebatik. Pertumbuhan dianalisis berdasarkan persamaan Von Bertalanffy dengan mengamati pergeseran struktur ukuran kepiting tiap bulan dan tingkat pemanfaatan diperoleh dari metode kurva konversi panjang dengan hasil tangkapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepiting bakau yang tertangkap bubu di perairan Sebatik berukuran lebar karapas (carapace width) antara 84-144 mmCW dengan rata-rata ukuran yang tertangkap adalah 107,05±12,3 mmCW pada kepiting jantan dan 110,2±8,86 mmCW pada kepiting betina. Pertumbuhan berat kepiting bakau jantan lebih cepat dibandingkan ukurannya (b=3,6) sebaliknya pertumbuhan berat kepiting bakau betina lebih lambat dibandingkan ukurannya (b=2,5). Nisbah kelamin kepiting bakau menunjukkan kondisi tidak seimbang (5,5 : 1) dengan proporsi jantan lebih dominan dibandingkan betina. Lebar karapas asimptotik (CW) kepiting bakau jantan adalah 151,2 mmCW dan betina adalah 140,5 mmCW. Laju pertumbuhan (K) kepiting bakau adalah 0,75 tahun-1 pada kepiting jantan dan 0,79 tahun-1 pada kepiting betina. Status pemanfaatan kepiting bakau telah berada dalam tahapan mendekati lebih tangkap (E=0,5-0,55) sehingga disarankan tidak melakukan penambahan upaya penangkapan kepiting bakau di perairan Sebatik. One of the information needed for formulating the sustainable management of mud crab is the availability of information on the population parameters and its exploitation rate. The current research aimed to study the population parameters and the exploitation rate of mud crab in Sebatik Waters. Field research was conducted in March – December 2017. Samples of mud crab were obtained from the catch of fisherman by trap in Sebatik Waters. The Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were constructed through monthly modals progression analysis of the size of carapace width frequencies distributions and the exploitation rate was estimated through the method of length converted catch curve. The results showed that the carapace width of mud crabs caught by trap in Sebatik Waters ranged between 84 to 144 mmCW with the mean size of 107.05±12.3 mmCW for male and 110.2±8.86 mmCW for female. The growth of weights of male crab (b=3.6) is faster than its size, while the growth of weight of female crab was slower than its size (b=2,5). The sex ratio of mud crab was unbalanced (5.5 : 1) that the proportion of male was more dominant than female. Asymptotic carapace width (CW) of mud crab was 151.2 mmCW for male and 140.5 mmCW for female. The growth rate (K) of mud crab was 0.75 year-1 for male and 0.79 year-1 for female. The exploitation status of mud crab was starting to overfishing (E=0,5-0,55) so it suggest to not increase the fishing effort of mud crab fishery  in Sebatik Waters.

The effect of several kinds of baits and moon phases on the catch of mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) with trap

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Mukhlis A Kaim ◽  
Emil Reppie ◽  
Johnny Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Moon Phase ◽  
Moon Phases ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common ◽  
New Moon ◽  
Mangrove Crabs

Trap is one of the common fishing gears used by the fishermen to catch mangrove crabs. Using several kinds of bait could increase the fishing power of the traps. The objective of this research was to study experimentally the effect of several kinds of trap baits and moon phases toward the capture of mangrove crab. Catch data were collected using 12 units of traps,which operated in the estuary waters of Kalurae Village, Regency of Sangihe Islands. Four kinds of bait were used to trap: scads mackerel (Decapterus macarellus), little tuna (Euthynnus sp.), trevally(Caranx sp.) and chicken innards. Data were analyzed by randomized block design. Analysis of variance showed that different types of bait on the trap and moon phase caused highly significant effect on catch. Least significant differences test showed that using scads mackerel bait on the trap was not significantly different from little tuna bait, but differed significantly from trevally and chicken innards baits. Similarly, using little tuna bait was not significantly different from trevally bait, but differed significantly from chicken innards bait; and trevally bait was not different from chicken innards bait. Catching mangrove crabs with traps should use scads mackerel and little tuna baits, and be operated around the new moon phase© Bubu merupakan alat tangkap yang umum digunakan nelayan untuk menangkap kepiting bakau. Penggunaan beberapa jenis umpan, diduga dapat meningkatkan fishing power dari alat tangkap bubu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh jenis umpan bubu dan fase umur bulan di langit terhadap hasil tangkapan kepiting bakau; dikerjakan dengan metode eksperimental. Data tangkapan dikumpulkan dengan mengoperasikan 12 unit bubu, di perairan estuari Kampung Kalurae, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Empat jenis umpan yang diperlakukan, yaitu ikan layang (Decapterus macarellus), tongkol (Euthynnus sp.), selar (Caranx sp.) dan jeroan ayam. Data dianalisis berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Analisis Sidik Ragam menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan jenis umpan pada bubu dan fase umur bulan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap hasil tangkapan. Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil menyatakan bahwa penggunaan jenis umpan layang pada bubu tidak berbeda nyata dengan umpan tongkol, tetapi berbeda sangat nyata dengan penggunaan umpan selar dan umpan jeroan. Demikian juga penggunaan umpan tongkol tidak berbeda nyata dengan umpan selar, tetapi berbeda sangat nyata dengan umpan jeroan; sedangkan penggunaan antara umpan selar dan jeroan tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata. Umpan ikan layang dan ikan tongkol serta fase umur bulan I dan fase IV memberikan hasil tangkapan kepiting bakau yang lebih baik©

scholarly journals Penentuan pH optimum untuk pertumbuhan kepiting bakau Scylla serrata dalam wadah terkontrol

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuni Puji Hastuti ◽  
Horas Nadeak ◽  
Ridwan Affandi ◽  
Kurnia Faturrohman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
Mangrove Crabs ◽  
Osmotic Load

<p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">One of the abiotic factors that affects the growth and the survival of crabs is pH. The optimum pH media will give maximum impact on mangrove crabs because it is related with the osmoregulation process. This study aimed to examine the effect of pH on the survival rate (SR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of mangrove crab <em>Scylla serrata</em> through the reaction of physiological condition. This study consisted of the treatments with the pH medium 5 (A), pH medium 6 (B), pH medium 7 (C), and pH medium 8 (D).  The crab’s maintenance in different pH gave a significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on the survival rate of the crabs. The pH treatments also gave a significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on the SGR of the crabs. The low level of crab stress at pH 7 was described by  the total value of high hemocyte and the high osmotic load so that the pH 7 was the optimum condition for the crabs.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: pH, survival, specific growth rate, mangrove crabs</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Salah satu faktor abiotik yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup kepiting adalah pH. Media pH optimum akan memberikan dampak maksimum pada kepiting bakau karena terkait dengan proses osmoregulasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pH pada tingkat kelangsungan hidup (SR) dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR) kepiting mangrove <em>Scylla serrata</em> melalui reaksi kondisi fisiologis. Penelitian ini terdiri atas perlakuan dengan media pH 5 (A), sedang pH 6 (B), sedang pH 7 (C), dan menengah pH 8 (D). Pemeliharaan kepiting di pH yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan (P&lt;0,05) pada tingkat kelangsungan hidup kepiting. Perlakuan pH juga memberikan efek yang signifikan (P&lt;0,05) pada SGR dari kepiting. Rendahnya tingkat stres kepiting pada pH 7 digambarkan oleh nilai total hemosit tinggi dan beban osmotik tinggi sehingga pH 7 adalah kondisi optimum untuk kepiting.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p>Kata kunci: pH, kelangsungan hidup, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, kepiting mangrove</p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh perbedaan salinitas terhadap pertumbuhan kepiting bakau, Scylla serrata

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rifan D. Sitaba ◽  
Indra R.N. Salindeho ◽  
Diane J. Kusen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Difference Test

The aims of the research were to find out firstly, the growth rate of the mud crab Scylla Serrata) reared under different salinity levels and secondly, the range of the salinity where the mud crab optimally grows.   The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Aquaculture Technology, FPIK, UNSRAT, from April to May 2017.  The experiment was set up according to the Randomized Block Design, with 3 treatments, which were 3 different salinity levels, 10 ppt, 20 ppt and 30 ppt.  The tested level of salinity was determined based on the preliminary experiment.  Each treatment was triplicated, and each replicate represents the group of the initial weight of the tested crab, which was 80-89 grams (group-1), 70-79 grams (group-2), and 60-69 grams (group-3).  The tested mud crabs were collected from the estuarine waters of Inobonto river, which has salinity level of 12 ppt.  The tested crabs were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, and at the interval of 7 days during the experiment period.  The weight of the tested crabs data were converted into Absolute Growth Rate (AGR) and Daily Growth Rate (DGR), which in turn were statistically analyzed using Anova for Randomized Block Design, and then Least Significant Difference Test.  The results of the Least Significant Difference Test show that the absolute and daily growth rate of the tested crabs in the salinity of 10 ppt are not significantly different with those in the salinity of 20 ppt.  While the lowest absolute and daily growth rate of the tested crabs were in the salinity of 30 ppt and are significantly different with those in the salinity of 10 and 20 ppt.  Hence, in order to get a maximal production, the mud crab, Scylla serrata, should be cultured in the waters with a range of salinity between 10 and 20 ppt.Keywords: Mud crab, salinity, growth

scholarly journals Optimum salinity for growth of mangrove crab Scylla serrata seed in recirculation systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuni Puji Hastuti ◽  
Ridwan Affandi ◽  
Mafatih Devi Safrina ◽  
Kurnia Faturrohman ◽  
Wildan Nurussalam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
Optimum Salinity

<p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">One of the abiotic factors that affects the growth and the survival of crabs is salinity. The optimum salinity media will give maximum impact on mangrove crab <em>Scylla serrata</em> due to the osmoregulation process. This study aimed to examine the effect of salinity on the survival rate (SR) and spesific growth rate (SGR) of mangrove crab through the reaction of physiological condition. The treatments were rearing mangrove crab at the salinity medium of 15 ppt (A), 20 ppt (B), 25 ppt (C), and 30 ppt (D). Result showed that different salinity performed a significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on the survival rate and specific growth rate of the crabs. The low level of stress, shown by the high value of total hemocyte and the low osmotic pressure, has made salinity of 25 ppt was the optimum condition for the mangrove crab rearing.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: salinity, survival, specific growth rate, mangrove crab</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Salah satu faktor abiotik yang memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup kepiting adalah salinitas. Salinitas media optimum akan memberikan efek yang maksimal pada kepiting bakau <em>Scylla serrata</em> sehubungan dengan proses osmoregulasi tubuhnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh salinitas pada kelangsungan hidup dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik kepiting bakau melalui reaksi kondisi fisiologis. Penelitian ini terdiri atas perlakuan salinitas media 15 ppt (A), 20 ppt (B), 25 ppt (C), dan 30 ppt (D). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan salinitas media pemeliharaan kepiting bakau memberikan perbedaan nyata (P&lt;0,05) pada kelangsungan hidup dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik kepiting bakau. Rendahnya tingkat stres pada salinitas 25 ppt dijelaskan dengan tingginya jumlah total hemosit dan rendahnya tekanan osmotik sehingga salinitas 25 ppt merupakan kondisi optimum bagi pemeliharaan kepiting bakau.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p>Keywords: salinitas, kelangsungan hidup, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, kepiting bakau</p>

scholarly journals 261 Increasing dietary amylose reduces rate of starch digestion and increases microbial fermentation in weaned pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
F P Y Tan ◽  
L F Wang ◽  
E Beltranena ◽  
R T Zijlstra
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Starch Digestion ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract Beneficial effects of SCFA in modulating gut health stimulated interest on dietary strategies to increase intestinal microbial activity and digesta SCFA. Amylose has lower apparent ileal digestibility (AID) than amylopectin. In the large intestine, undigested starch is fermented by microbes producing SCFA. The objective was to determine effects of increasing dietary amylose on starch flow and metabolite profile along the intestinal tract in weaned pigs. Weaned pigs (n=32; initial BW, 8.4 kg) were randomly allocated to 4 diets containing 67% starch with 0, 20, 35, or 70% amylose in a randomized complete block design. On day 21, pigs were euthanized to collect digesta and feces for evaluating starch digestion and metabolite profiles. Apparent hindgut fermentation (AHF) was calculated as apparent total tract digestibility minus AID. Feed intake was 12% lower (P &lt; 0.05) and growth rate was 18% lower (P &lt; 0.05) for pigs fed 70% amylose than pigs fed 0, 20, or 35% amylose. Feed efficiency was greatest (P &lt; 0.05) for pigs fed with 35% amylose. The AID of starch was 44% lower (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed 70% amylose. Starch was completely digested by the proximal colon in pigs fed 0, 20, or 35% amylose, but AHF of starch was 14% greater (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed 70% amylose. Increasing dietary amylose did not alter digesta SCFA in the small intestine, but increased (P &lt; 0.05) digesta SCFA in the cecum, specifically acetate and total SCFA, and increased (P &lt; 0.05) propionate and valerate in all sections of the colon. In conclusion, increasing dietary amylose in weaned pigs stimulated hindgut fermentation of starch with a corresponding increase in digesta total SCFA in the cecum and colon. Optimizing dietary amylose may exert its effect as dietary prebiotic while promoting an optimal growth rate in young pigs.

Lagenidium infection in eggs and larvae of mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) produced in Indonesia

Mycoscience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyo Nakamura ◽  
Miho Nakamura ◽  
Kishio Hatai ◽  
Zafran
Keyword(s):  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

A comparison of the effects of infection with Eimeria maxima and dietary restriction on weight gain, plasma metabolites and liver glycogen in the immature fowl, Gallus domesticus

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Chapman ◽  
D. L. Fernandes ◽  
T. F. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Eimeria Maxima

SUMMARYThe effects of Eimeria maxima or restricted pair-feeding on weight gain, plasma concentrations of protein, glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and uric acid and liver glycogen were compared in immature fowl. Food intake/kg body weight and weight gain decreased during the acute phase of infection (days 5–7) while weight loss was prolonged for an extra day compared with pair-fed birds. During recovery, food intake/kg body weight of infected birds was greater than that of non-infected controls but there was no evidence for an increase in growth rate compared with controls when body weight was considered. Growth rate of pair-fed birds was greater than that of infected birds during recovery, indicating their better use of ingested food. Liver glycogen and plasma protein concentration were decreased during the acute phase of infection but the concentrations of plasma glucose, free fatty acid (FFA) and uric acid were not affected. In pair-fed birds liver glycogen was depleted, concentrations of plasma glucose and uric acid decreased and FFA increased, and these changes persisted for the remainder of the experiment. The findings are similar to those in birds whose food has been withheld and were probably due to the pattern of food intake imposed by the experimental protocol. It is concluded that the metabolic differences between infected and pair-fed birds are of doubtful significance.

scholarly journals Growth and hematology of pacu subjected to sustained swimming and fed different protein levels

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleujosí da Silva Nunes ◽  
Gilberto Moraes ◽  
Fernando Fabrizzi ◽  
Araceli Hackbarth ◽  
Gustavo Alberto Arbeláez-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sustained swimming and dietary protein levels on growth and hematological responses of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A completely randomized design was used in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of dietary protein (24, 28, and 32% crude protein), two rearing conditions (sustained swimming or motionless water), and 15 replicates. Fish were subjected to sustained swimming at the velocity of two body lengths per second (2 BL s-1), for 45 days. The level of dietary protein and the swimming conditions affected the performance, growth, and hematological profile of pacu. Swimming conditions influenced nutritional factors, increasing daily weight gain, specific growth rate, number of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Fish under sustained swimming and fed with 24% crude protein showed better growth performance, with higher specific growth rate (4.11±0.88) and higher daily weight gain (2.19±0.47 g per day). Sustained swimming can increase the productive performance of pacu and simultaneously reduce dietary protein levels.

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