scholarly journals Morphometrics characterization in White Fulani, Muturu and Pasundan cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Ridwan Olawale Ahmed ◽  
Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra ◽  
Johar Arifin ◽  
Semiu Folaniyi Bello
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Animal Study ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
White Fulani

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was aimed to characterize three different cattle breeds based on the morphometrics.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>Five (5) morphometrics which include body length (BL), chest girth (CG), withers height (WH), rump length (RL) and chest depth (CD) were measured in each animal. A total of 119 cows belonging to White Fulani (40 heads), Muturu (40 heads) and Pasundan (39 heads) were used in this study. The age of animal study was 20.93±1.62 months (White Fulani), 21.63±1.75 months (Muturu) and 20.46±2.99 months (Pasundan). Hence, two statistical methods of canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) methods were computed in this study to characterize of animals based on their morphometrics using SPSS 16.0 package.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>Mostly<strong> </strong>the morphometrics of White Fulani and Pasundan cows are similar while those of Muturu are significantly lower than the two other breeds. Four morphometric measurements of CG, RL, BL and WH were identified as a discriminator variables in animal study based on the CDA method. The CDA of morphometrics able to classify 85% (White Fulani), 100% (Muturu) and 74.4% (Pasundan) of the animal into their original breed group.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The closeness between observations from White Fulani and Pasundan might be due to them being both Zebu (<em>Bos indicus</em>) unlike the Muturu with a type breed of <em>Bos bracycheros</em>.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Used to Fingerprint Five Wild-Grown Edible Mushrooms (Boletaceae) Collected from Yunnan, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Tianwei Yang ◽  
Yuanzhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

Nowadays, wild-grown edible mushrooms which are natural, nutritious, and healthy get more and more popular by large consumers. In this paper, UV spectra of different Boletaceae mushrooms with the aid of partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were shown to be a practical and rapid method for discrimination purpose. The specimens of Boletus edulis, Boletus ferrugineus, Boletus tomentipes, Leccinum rugosiceps, and Xerocomus sp. were described based on the UV spectra. From the results, all the specimens were characterized by strong absorption at the wavelengths of 274 and 284 nm and showed the shoulder at 296 nm. However, changes could be seen in the peak heights at the same wavelength for different samples. After analyzing by chemometrics, visual discrimination among samples was presented and the relationships among them were also obtained. This study showed that UV spectroscopy combined with chemometrics methods could be used successfully as a simple and effective approach for characterization of these five wild-grown edible mushrooms at species and genus levels. Meanwhile, this rapid and simple methodology could also provide reference for the discrimination of edible mushrooms.

An investigation of the taxonomy of Hordeum capense and H. secalinum (Poaceae: Triticeae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 594-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard R. Baum ◽  
L. Grant Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
South African ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
African Species ◽  
European Species ◽  
Nomenclatural Type ◽  
Logistic Discrimination ◽  
Prevailing View

That Hordeum capense, a South African species, and H. secalinum, a mainly European species, are conspecific, has been the prevailing view for the last 80 years because of a lack of distinguishing markers. In the present paper, morphological separability is demonstrated by means of cluster analysis, classificatory discriminant analysis, logistic discrimination, and canonical discriminant analysis. The performance of the linear classification functions are evaluated by the bootstrap and discussed. Lodicules and epiblasts were found to be good distinguishing markers. The nomenclatural type of H. secalinum has been designated as lectotype instead of the previously designated neotype.

scholarly journals Correlation of Volatile Compounds and Sensory Attributes of Chinese Traditional Sweet Fermented Flour Pastes Using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meigui Huang ◽  
Yulin Li ◽  
Ping Zhan ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Honglei Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Volatile Components

The aroma compositions, sensory attributes, and their correlations of various traditional Chinese sweet fermented flour pastes (SFFPs) were investigated. SFFPs, including LEEJ, LEEH, and XH6, showed high overall acceptance scores of 8.00, 8.21, and 7.50, respectively. Ninety-six volatile compounds were detected using solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped SFFPs into three clusters according to their concentrations and compositions of volatile components. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed that volatile compounds, including ethyl phenylacetate, 5-methyl furfural, amyl cinnamal, ethyl myristate, decyl aldehyde, 1-phenylethyl acetate, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-buten-2-ol, butanoic acid, and caproaldehyde, were highly negatively correlated with saltiness, sourness, and bitterness, while they were positively correlated with sweetness, umami, richness, and acceptance. The obvious correlation between flavor profiles and sensory attributes could help online monitoring of SFFPs’ flavor quality during production.

scholarly journals Use of discriminant analysis method to identify sex by morphological traits in adult rabbits in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Abayomi Rotimi ◽  
Maryam Hassana Ati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Discriminant Analysis Method ◽  
Sex Assessment

AbstractSex assessment plays an important role in rabbit production, but it can be very difficult to determine, especially in the young ones. In this study, canonical discriminant analysis was used to determine which of the morphological traits are the most effective in sex determination in rabbits. Data were taken on 160 rabbits and used for this study on body weight (BWG), body length (BDL), ear length (EAL), heart girth (HTG), and abdominal circumference (ABC). The results from the univariate analysis show manifestation of sexual dimorphism with higher values observed in females for all the morphometric measurements. The canonical discriminant analysis revealed that ABC was the most significant morphological trait as a discriminating variable between the sexes in rabbits. The discriminant function, D = – 8.673 + 1.865 BWG + 0.013 BDL + 0.291 EAL – 0.318 HTG + 0.463 ABC, obtained correctly classified 72.5% of individuals of rabbits. In conclusion, the abdominal circumference of the rabbits in a population could be an important tool for the conservation and improvement of the rabbits’ population.

Sapote mamey [Pouteria sapota (Jacquin) H.E. Moore & Stearn]: A potential fruit crop for subtropical regions of Michoacan, Mexico

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-544
Author(s):  
Jeannette Sofía Bayuelo-Jiménez ◽  
Norma Rivera Alcantar ◽  
Iván Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Genotypes of sapote mamey, Pouteria sapota [(Jacquin) H.E. Moore & Stearn] from central-western Michoacán in Mexico were characterized based on physical and chemical fruit characteristics. Cluster analysis of data indicated seven distinct genotype clusters. The greatest variability among clusters was attributed to physical and chemical fruit characteristics. Those were fruit weight, length, width, shape and texture; the ratio of fruit weight to seed weight; seed weight and length; mesocarp thickness and weight; epicarp weight; and the compositional components titratable acidity (TA), protein, total soluble solids (TSS), TSS to TA ratio and TSS to pH ratio. Canonical discriminant analysis was a used to identify the most desirable sapote mamey fruits based on physical (fruit and mesocarp weight) and compositional parameters. Two canonical discriminant functions explained >90% of the accumulated variation a mong the seven clusters of genotypes. Fruit weight, mesocarp thickness, and the ratio of total soluble solids to titratable acidity were dominant in the first function; and fruit weight and mesocarp thickness were dominant in the second. These morphological variables could be used for selecting sapote mamey trees with uniform fruit quality for either direct consumption or processing. Key words: Sapotaceae, sapote mamey, Pouteria sapota, cluster analysis, canonical discriminant analysis, fruit, morphological characterization

Spatial–Temporal Neighborhood Patterns in Four Legacy Cities

2020 ◽  
pp. 107808741989782
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Kinahan
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Neighborhood Scale ◽  
Legacy Cities ◽  
Over 40 Years ◽  
Neighborhood Typology

Legacy cities are characterized by long-term, declining trends in both population and economic characteristics, but how these events translate to the neighborhood scale is less well understood. This research investigates the evolution of neighborhood types in four legacy cities—Baltimore, Cleveland, Philadelphia, and St. Louis—from 1970 to 2010. Working from a multidimensional framework of variables across five census decades, hierarchical cluster analysis and discriminant analysis are used to develop a neighborhood typology, identify temporal trends, and describe the pathways of transition. Results reveal four crosscutting neighborhood types: Black Distressed; Lower Middle; Multifamily, Educated, Turnover; and Upper Middle, which persist across space and time. Most neighborhoods (61%) remained classified within the same type over 40 years, and transitions were concentrated in two decades (1970–1980 and 2000–2010). The results offer a new descriptive dimension for understanding the unevenness present across legacy cities and suggest that existing policy approaches continually reproduce the same neighborhood outcomes.

scholarly journals Morphometry analysis and seed germination of Amaranthus cruentus, A. retroflexus and their hybrid (A. × turicensis)

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 364-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lanta ◽  
P. Havránek ◽  
V. Ondřej
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Morphometry Analysis ◽  
Germination Experiment

A morphometric study of Amaranthus cruentus, A. retroflexus and their hybrid, A. &times; turicensis based on 75 plant samples (750 inflorescences), collected throughout the Olomouc-Holice area (Czech &nbsp; Republic), is presented. Using multivariete methods (including cluster analysis and canonical discriminant analysis), the existence of three groupings of plants was proven. The hybrid exhibited intermediate values of the width and length of female tepals, length of awl-shaped bracts, and seed size when compared with parental species. A germination experiment showed that dark seeds of A. &times; turicensis as well as dark seeds of A. retroflexus germinate scarcely and independently on the day length while light seeds of A. cruentus germinate promptly and markedly better under a short day regime. The chromosome analysis showed that A. retroflexus, A. cruentus, and A. &times; turicensis have the same chromosome number 34.

scholarly journals Phenetic relationship between Lepisorus (J. SM.) Ching (Pteridophyta: Polypodiaceae) and its related genera

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wannachai Chatan ◽  
Thaweesakdi Boonkerd ◽  
Bernard R. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Phenetic Relationship ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Multivariate analyses based on morphological and anatomical characters have been performed to investigate the phenetic relationship and to clarify the circumscriptions of the genus Lepisorus (J.Sm.) Ching and its related genera, namely Neocheiropteris Christ, Paragramma T. Moore and Platygyria Ching & S.K. Wu. The dendrogram of cluster analysis separated the plants into three groups at Gower similarity coefficient 0.75. Group 1 and Group 2 consisted of Neocheiropteris palmatopedata (Baker) H. Christ and four species of Platygyria, respectively. Group 3 was Neocheiropteris ensata Ching and two species of Paragramma deeply embedded in the Lepisorus s.s. Canonical discriminant analysis supported the classification inferred from the clustering results. Based on these results, Platygyria and N. palmatopedata should be recognized as distinct genera. On the other hand, N. ensata and the genus Paragramma should be merged to the genus Lepisorus.  Keywords: Lepisorus; Paragramma; Platygyria; Cluster analysis; Canonical discriminant analysis. DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v16i2.3924 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 16(2): 99-113, 2009 (December)

scholarly journals Novel anti-tuberculosis drug designs by data mining for similarity in substituent substitution and structure modification

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Lee Bartzatt
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Log P ◽  
Polar Surface Area ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties

<em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (TB) is among the most common of infectious diseases that cause death, and as many as one-third of the world’s population may be infected. This work presents 17 novel hydrazide agents formed by focused in silico data mining utilizing search parameters restricted to substituent replacement only. Substituent substitution has been highly successful in design of novel antibacterial and antiviral drugs. This diverse set of hydrazide constructs possess molecular properties indicating favorable bioavailability with excellent intestinal absorption for oral administration. All agents have zero violations of the Rule of 5, indicating favorable druglikeness. Important pharmaceutical properties including polar surface area, Log P, and formula weight were determined and compared to that of the parent structure of isoniazid by hierarchical cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. The average Log P with range is -0.258 and -2.165 to 1.373, respectively. The average polar surface area (PSA) with range is 75.19 A2 and 55.121 A2 to 94.036 A2, respectively. The diverse range of PSA and Log P, with other descriptors, portend a versatile group of hydrazide drugs having substantial potential to expand the application and effectiveness for clinical treatment of multi-organ infected TB patients. Analysis of similarity indicated that all 17 agents are significantly similar to isoniazid, however discriminant analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis are able to differentiate isoniazid based upon molecular properties. Molecular weight and number of atoms were highly correlated by Pearson r (r &gt; 0.9000), with Log P moderately correlated (r &gt; 0.5500) to number of atoms, molecular weight, and volume. Seventeen hydrazide compounds (success rate of approximately 38%) having diverse pharmaceutical properties resulted from substituent data mining with potential for clinical application.

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