scholarly journals DASAR PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM TERHADAP PUTUSAN PERCERAIAN DENGAN PEMBERIAN HAK ASUH ANAK KEPADA BAPAK

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Renita Ivana ◽  
Diana Tantri Cahyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Child Custody ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Law

<p>Abstract<br />This article aims to find out the basis of the judge’s consideration of the Divorce Decision with the  Provision of Child Custody to the father. This writing also includes normative legal research that is prescriptive. The research approach uses the Law approach (state approach) and case approach. Legal material collection techniques use legal material collection techniques with the study of documents or library materials (library study). The results of the study explained that judges’ consideration arose from the six divorce decisions that the authors examined was by prioritizing the best interests principle for  children, the judge giving custody of underage children to the father. This is not in accordance with the  rules of the invitation that apply because the child under the age of custody is in the hands of the mother. But because of the bad behavior of the mother, abandoning the child, forgetting her responsibilities as a mother which is all the basis of the judge’s consideration in making decisions regarding the granting of custody of minors to the father.<br />Keywords: Divorce; Consideration of Judges; Child Custody</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dasar pertimbangan hakim terhadap Putusan Perceraian dengan  Pemberian Hak Asuh Anak kepada bapak. Penelitian hukum ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Undang-undang (state approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum menggunakan teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum dengan studi dokumen atau bahan pustaka (library study). Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa pertimbangan hakim yang muncul dari keenam Putusan Perceraian yang penulis teliti adalah dengan mengedepankan asas kepentingan terbaik bagi anak, hakim memberikan hak asuh anak di bawah umur kepada bapak. Hal tersebut tidak sesuai aturan Perundang-undangan yang  berlaku karena anak di bawah umur kedudukan hak asuhnya berada di tangan ibu. Namun karena perilaku ibu yang buruk, menelantarkan anak, melupakan tanggung jawabnya sebagai ibu. Sehingga menjadi dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan mengenai pemberian hak asuh anak di bawah umur kepada bapak.<br />Kata Kunci: Perceraian; Pertimbangan Hakim; Hak Asuh Anak</p>

scholarly journals A Critical Assessment of Child Custody Evaluations

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Emery ◽  
Randy K. Otto ◽  
William T. O'Donohue
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Child Custody ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Custody Evaluations ◽  
Child Custody Evaluations ◽  
Custody Disputes ◽  
The Law ◽  
Custody Arrangements

SUMMARY—Most parents who live apart negotiate custody arrangements on their own or with the help of lawyers, mediators, or other professionals. However, psychologists and other mental health professionals increasingly have become involved in evaluating children and families in custody disputes, because of the large number of separated, divorced, and never-married parents and the substantial conflict that often accompanies the breakup of a family. Theoretically, the law guides and controls child custody evaluations, but the prevailing custody standard (the “best interests of the child” test) is a vague rule that directs judges to make decisions unique to individual cases according to what will be in children's future (and undefined) best interests. Furthermore, state statutes typically offer only vague guidelines as to how judges (and evaluators) are to assess parents and the merits of their cases, and how they should ultimately decide what custody arrangements will be in a child's best interests. In this vacuum, custody evaluators typically administer to parents and children an array of tests and assess them through less formal means including interviews and observation. Sadly, we find that (a) tests specifically developed to assess questions relevant to custody are completely inadequate on scientific grounds; (b) the claims of some anointed experts about their favorite constructs (e.g., “parent alienation syndrome”) are equally hollow when subjected to scientific scrutiny; (c) evaluators should question the use even of well-established psychological measures (e.g., measures of intelligence, personality, psychopathology, and academic achievement) because of their often limited relevance to the questions before the court; and (d) little empirical data exist regarding other important and controversial issues (e.g., whether evaluators should solicit children's wishes about custody; whether infants and toddlers are harmed or helped by overnight visits), suggesting a need for further scientific investigation. We see the system for resolving custody disputes as deeply flawed, for reasons that go beyond the problem of limited science. The coupling of the vague “best interests of the child” test with the American adversary system of justice puts judges in the position of trying to perform an impossible task, and it exacerbates parental conflict and problems in parenting and coparenting, which psychological science clearly shows to be key factors predicting children's psychological difficulties in response to their parents' separation and divorce. Our analysis of the flawed system, together with our desire to sharply limit custody disputes and custody evaluations, leads us to propose three reforms. First, we urge continued efforts to encourage parents to reach custody agreements on their own—in divorce mediation, through collaborative law, in good-faith attorney negotiations, in therapy, and in other forums. Some such efforts have been demonstrated to improve parent–parent and parent–child relationships long after divorce, and they embrace the philosophical position that, in the absence of abuse or neglect, parents themselves should determine their children's best interests after separation, just as they do in marriage. Second, we urge state legislatures to move toward adopting more clear and determinative custody rules, a step that would greatly clarify the terms of the marriage contract, limit the need for custody evaluations, and sharply narrow the scope of the evaluation process. We find particular merit in the proposed “approximation rule” (recently embraced by the American Law Institute), in which postdivorce parenting arrangements would approximate parenting involvement in marriage. Third and finally, we recommend that custody evaluators follow the law and only offer opinions for which there is an adequate scientific basis. Related to this, we urge professional bodies to enact more specific standards of practice on this and related issues.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM SAKSI DAN KORBAN SEBAGAI WHISTLEBLOWER DAN JUSTICE COLLABORATORS PADA PENGUNGKAPAN KASUS KORUPSI BERBASIS NILAI KEADILAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Suratno Suratno
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Interesting Issue ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Force

The question of Whistle blower or Justice Collaborator is a complex and interesting issue tobe discussed in a conception or legislation. The role of Whistle Blower and Justice Collaboratorin exposing such extraordinary crimes as corruption is a dilemma, because there is no adequatelegal tool to facilitate the legal guarantee to be obtained. The research approach used in thisresearch is sociological or socio-jurisdiction approach method -legal research. The results of theresearch indicate that: 1. The protection of the witness and victim’s witness law as Whistleblowerand Justice Collaborators on the disclosure of corruption has not been based on the valueof justice, it can be seen that the legal status of a whistle blower does not stop only whistleblowers, Be someone to be held accountable. 2. Legal protection barriers to the existence ofWhistleblower and Justice Collaborators on the disclosure of corruption based on the value ofjustice, known from the side of the substance of the law is the weakness of the arrangement ofJustice collaborator explicitly regulated only in Supreme Court Circular Number 4 of 2011 onthe treatment of rapporteur of acts A Whistleblower and a Justice Collaborator in a particularcriminal case, so that the SEMA does not have a binding legal force as does the Law.

scholarly journals Konstitusionalitas Masa Tunggu Eksekusi bagi Terpidana Mati dalam Sistem Pemidanaan

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Roni Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Waiting Period ◽  
Legal Uncertainty ◽  
The Law

Pasal 10 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana menempatkan pidana mati sebagai salah satu pidana pokok. Pidana mati secara filosofis berorientasi pembalasan dan general prevention. Namun penerapannya memperlihatkan inkonsistensi dalam sistem pemidanaan, diktum putusan pengadilan memvonis pidana mati, melainkan eksekusinya adalah pidana penjara seumur hidup. Praktik penerapan hukum demikian menimbulkan ketidakadilan dan ketidakpastian hukum. Urgensi penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji bagaimana konstitusionalitas kedudukan hukum masa tunggu eksekusi bagi terpidana mati dalam perspektif sistem pemidanaan? Untuk menjawab pernyataan penelitian, Peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan doctrinal legal research, maka hukum harus dipandang secara komprehensif seperti asas, norma dan meta norma. Konstitusionalitas masa tunggu eksekusi bagi terpidana mati tidak diatur dalam undang-undang, secara yuridis terdapat beberapa faktor untuk menunda eksekusi, di luar faktor-faktor tersebut penundaan eksekusi merupakan inskonstitusional. Ketidakpastian hukum terhadap masa tunggu eksekusi merupakan disharmonisasi antara hukum materil dan hukum formil dan berdampak tidak tercapainya deterrent effect, keadilan serta kemanfaatan hukum. Sehingga perlu pembaruan hukum pidana dengan salah satu metode evolutionary approach, global approach dan compromise approach sebagai pedoman eksekusi pidana mati.The article 10 of Criminal Code put death penalties as one of the principal crimes. Philosophically, the death penalty is meant to be retaliatory and general prevention. However, its application shows inconsistencies in the criminal system. Decision of the court is a death penalty, but the execution is a life imprisonment. The practice of implementing such laws creates injustice and legal uncertainty. The urgency of this research was to examine how constitutionality of execution waiting period for the death penalty in the punisment system perspective. To answer the research question, researcher used a type of normative juridical research with a doctrinal legal research approach, so, the law must be viewed comprehensively as principles, norms and meta norms. The constitutionality of the waiting period for the execution of convicted death is not regulated by law. Juridically, there were several factors delaying execution. Apart from these factors, the delaying in execution is unconstitutional. Legal uncertainty over the waiting period for execution is a disharmony between material law and formal law. That has an impact on not achieving deterrent effects, justice and the benefits of the law. Therefore, it is necessary to reform criminal law with one method of evolutionary approach, global approach and compromise approach as a guideline for execution of death penalty.

scholarly journals THE OVERCOMING OF ILLEGAL LOGGING IN CENTRAL SULAWESI

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny Salam
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Community Crime Prevention ◽  
The Law ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Abstract This study aimed to understand the effectiveness of crime prevention and illegal logging in Central Sulawesi , and factors - factors affecting the crime prevention efforts of illegal logging in the area is , as well as how participation and cultural ' differences community crime prevention efforts against illegal logging in Central Sulawesi . The singer research approach using socio- legal research methods . Results Singer discovered Implementation crime prevention of illegal logging in the region of Central Sulawesi province , as far as Singer Not Operate Effectively Walk ; As well as optimal NOT illegal logging crime prevention efforts in the region of Central Sulawesi province , at least influenced by three factors ; ( 1 ) low capacity of Human Resources , ( 2 ) There has been used to support the inadequacy of the law enforcement process . ( 3 ) the low level of awareness of the law society. Alpha Keywords: Overcoming,  Illegal Loggin, Central Sulawesi

Cuidado personal en la Ley 20.680. De la inconstitucionalidad a la corresponsabilidad

2018 ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
María José Fuenzalida San Martín ◽  
Karina Cerda Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Child Custody ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Parental Responsibility ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

ResumenEl trabajo examina la regulación del cuidado personal de los menores en caso de separación de los padres bajo la normativa previa a la Ley de Corresponsabilidad (20.680), desde la óptica de la igualdad entre los padres, concluyendo que su afectación de este derecho hacía necesaria sumodicación. La segunda parte del trabajo analiza la nueva regulación, poniendo énfasis en los efectos de ella sobre el bienestar del menor en casos de separación. Se concluye con algunas observaciones críticas, basadas en los conceptos y criterios vagos de la ley, respecto de la posibilidad de que efectivamente la ley sirva, por un lado, como guía parael ejercicio de la corresponsabilidad entre los padres, y, por otro, para evitar la judicialización de los desacuerdos entre estos.Palabras clave: Cuidado personal; Igualdad ante ley; Corresponsabilidad; Interés superior del niño.AbstractThe article examines the legal regulation of child custody in cases of separation of parents under rules prior to the Act on Joint Parental Responsibility (20.680), from the point of view of equality among the parents, concluding that the infringment of that right made necessary theirreform. The second part examines the new rules, emphasizing their eects on the child's welfare in cases of separation. It concludes, based on the law's vague concepts and criteria, with some critical remarks on the chances of the Act to eectively serve as guide for the parents in the excercise of joint parental responsibility, on the one hand, and to prevent litigation in cases of disagremeent among them, on the other.Keywords: Child custody; Equality before the law; Joint parental responsibility; Best interests of the child.

scholarly journals Penerapan Sanksi Pelanggaran Administratif Pemilu bagi Penyelenggara Pemilu

PLENO JURE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Asbudi Dwi Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Election Administration ◽  
The Law ◽  
Research Type

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan sanksi pelanggaran administrasi pemilu bagi penyelenggara pemilu, karena penting diketahui tingkat penegakan hukumnya dimana hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi jumlah suara perolehan pemilu. Artikel ini dibangun dengan tipe penelitian hukuym secara kualitatif dan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian hukum secara empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa memahami penyelenggaraan pemilu butuh energi besar untuk benar-benar memahami agar dalam penyelenggaraannya tidak terjadi kesalahan. Anggaapan bahwa pemilu merupakan pesta rakyat biasa menyebabkan masyarakat melupakan bahwa konsekuensi dari kesalahan akan berdampak panjang hingga 5 tahun kedepan secara kongkrit. Hal ini juga mempengaruhi bahwa sanksi pelanggaran pemilu yang dianggap sebagai motivator untuk masyarakat dalam menaati hukum tidak berjalan sebagaimana diharapkan. Pada akhirnya artikel ini memperlihatkan penerapan sanksi Pelanggaran administrasi pemilu bagi penyelenggara pemilu tidak efektif karena sanksi yang dapat dijatuhkan bagi penyelanggara pemilu yang terbukti melakukan pelanggaran administratif pemilu hanya berupa teguran tertulis, tidak menimbulkan efek jera dan sanksi tersebut tidak berfungsi sebagai pencegahan agar penyelengara pemilu bekerja sesuai norma dan aturan yang berlaku.  Abstract. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of sanctions for election administration violations for election organizers because it is important to know the level of law enforcement where it can affect the number of votes obtained in the election. This article was built with a qualitative legal research type and uses an empirical legal research approach. The research results show that understanding election administration requires a lot of energy to really understand so that there are no mistakes in the implementation. The assumption that elections are a party of ordinary people causes people to forget that the consequences of mistakes will have a concrete impact for the next 5 years. This also affects the sanctions for election violations that are considered as a motivator for the community to obey the law do not work as expected. In the end, this article shows that the application of sanctions for Election administration violations for election administrators is ineffective because the sanctions that can be imposed on election administrators who are proven to have committed an election administrative violation are only in the form of a written warning, do not cause a deterrent effect and these sanctions do not serve as a deterrent so that the election administrators work accordingly. prevailing norms and rules.

scholarly journals Azas Kebebasan Berkontrak dalam Perjanjian Keagenan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
Gede Agus Wiadnyana ◽  
I Nyoman Putu Budiartha ◽  
Desak Gde Dwi Arini
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Freedom Of Contract ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Standard Order ◽  
The Law

In an agency agreement in the form of a standard order, it appears that the parties are not free to jointly determine the contents of the agreement with the principle of freedom of contract. The position of the principal is economically stronger when compared to the agent. This research aims to analyze the principle of freedom of contract in agency agreements. legal protection of agents based on the principle of freedom. The research method uses normative legal research with a library research approach. The legal sources used are primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Technique of calculating or tracing legal materials in the list or grouped, and using methods of noting, recording, quoting, summarizing, and reviewing as needed and written systematically. The result of the research indicates that the principle of freedom of contract has not been fully realized in an agency agreement, considering that the agency agreement is in the form of a standard agreement. The freedom that cannot be realized is the freedom of the parties to determine the form of the agreement and the freedom of the parties to determine the conditions, as well as legal protection for agents who are in a weak position in the agency agreement. namely the law on the business activities of agents. Protection provided by the government's protection for citizens who are agents of commercial competition.

AKIBAT HUKUM KELALAIAN KREDITUR DALAM MELAKUKAN ROYA ATAS JAMINAN FIDUSIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninik Meiyudianti
Keyword(s):  
Legal Research ◽  
Object Based ◽  
The Law ◽  
Credit Agreement

Obligation of creditor in making report for nullification of debt in fiduciary registration office to delete the record of fiduciary object is known as liability omission (Roya). Liability omission can be done when debtor paying off all debts that is possessed to the creditor.  When liability omission (roya) is not conducted by the creditor after debtor pay off all the debt, it certainly harms  the debtor since he/she as debtor is not able to use the fiduciary object to make new credit agreement with other parties. The present research aims to elaborate and examine further about the obligation of creditor in performing liability omission toward the fiduciary object when the debtor paying off all the debts. Moreover, the present study tries to elaborate further about accountability of creditor regarding negligence in performing liability omission toward fiduciary object that has been paid off.  The method used in the present study is a normative legal research, namely legal research which is conducted by examining the library materials or secondary law while in finding and collecting the data is done by two approaches, namely the law and conceptual approaches.  The present study shows that deletion record of fiduciary object based on paying off of debts by the debtor shall be performed by the creditor. When creditor neglects in performing this act within fourteen days (14) after the repayment of debt, it can be justified as infringement of law. Moreover, creditor shall responsible to pay all losses that is experienced by the debtor.

Methodological and Sociological Analysis About The Fatwa Of Majelis Tarjih Muhammadiyah Concerning To The Muslim Marriage With An Ahl Al-Kitab

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Chamim Tohari
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Empiric Data ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference

Relation between the different of religion comunity in the multicultural nation as in Indonesia be a natural phenomenon that it cannot be avoided. As to one of the problem that had appeared in this case is about wedding problem betweena moslem with the difference religion womans. Majority of the Indonesia religious scholars as scholar in Majelis Tarjih Muhammadiyah had been prohibiting wedding like that with various reason. while a part little of the contemporary moslem scholars have been permiting the wedding. The points which will discussed in this research is how is opinion of Majelis Tarjih Muhammadiyah about the law of wedding with the woman from Ahl Al-Kitab and its ijtihad methodology. This research should analyze the argumentation of the Majelis Tarjih that make forbidding a muslem married with the difference religion womans. This research using library research approach dan content analysis. The results of this research are: (1) Majelis Tarjih of Muhammadiyah forbidding the wedding with sad al-dzari’ah as its argumentation; (2) Majelis Tarjih’s opinion has been irrelevant because two reason, the mistake of methodology and the change of the Indonesian contemporary society (based on an empiric data). Keywords: Ahlu Kitab; Majelis Tarjih; Different Religion Marriage

b

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizal Arya Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Crime ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Law

The company is related to things that occur after the law that is related to corporate crime. The purpose of the discussion of this article is to find out about prison sentences imposed on corporations, detention and settlement of corporate criminal acts. The type of legal research conducted is a type of normative legal research that examines literature sources without conducting field research. The conclusion of this article is that it can be fined, approved and finalized.

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