Low-Cost 3D Printing of Controlled Porosity Ceramic Parts

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 618-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Diegel ◽  
◽  
Andrew Withell ◽  
Deon de Beer ◽  
Johan Potgieter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Controlled Porosity ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
The Cost

This research was initiated to develop low cost powders that could be used on 3D printers. The paper describes experiments that were undertaken with different compositions of clay-based powders, and different print saturation settings. An unexpected sideeffect of printing ceramic parts was the ability to control the part porosity by varying the powder recipe and print parameters. The cost of clay-based powder was, depending on the specific ingredients used, around US$2.00/Kg.

scholarly journals Foundation Piles—A New Feature for Concrete 3D Printers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2545
Author(s):  
Marcin Hoffmann ◽  
Krzysztof Żarkiewicz ◽  
Adam Zieliński ◽  
Szymon Skibicki ◽  
Łukasz Marchewka
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Permanent Formwork ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
New Feature ◽  
The Cost

Foundation piles that are made by concrete 3D printers constitute a new alternative way of founding buildings constructed using incremental technology. We are currently observing very rapid development of incremental technology for the construction industry. The systems that are used for 3D printing with the application of construction materials make it possible to form permanent formwork for strip foundations, construct load-bearing walls and partition walls, and prefabricate elements, such as stairs, lintels, and ceilings. 3D printing systems do not offer soil reinforcement by making piles. The paper presents the possibility of making concrete foundation piles in laboratory conditions using a concrete 3D printer. The paper shows the tools and procedure for pile pumping. An experiment for measuring pile bearing capacity is described and an example of a pile deployment model under a foundation is described. The results of the tests and analytical calculations have shown that the displacement piles demonstrate less settlement when compared to the analysed shallow foundation. The authors indicate that it is possible to replace the shallow foundation with a series of piles combined with a printed wall without locally widening it. This type of foundation can be used for the foundation of low-rise buildings, such as detached houses. Estimated calculations have shown that the possibility of making foundation piles by a 3D printer will reduce the cost of making foundations by shortening the time of execution of works and reducing the consumption of construction materials.

scholarly journals Effects of Filament Diameter Tolerances in Fused Filament Fabrication

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Cardona ◽  
Abigail H Curdes ◽  
Aaron J Isaacs
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Extrusion Rate ◽  
Filament Diameter ◽  
Printing Quality ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
And Control

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular additive manufacturing (3D printing) technologies due to the growing availability of low-cost desktop 3D printers and the relatively low cost of the thermoplastic filament used in the 3D printing process. Commercial filament suppliers, 3D printer manufacturers, and end-users regard filament diameter tolerance as an important indicator of the 3D printing quality. Irregular filament diameter affects the flow rate during the filament extrusion, which causes poor surface quality, extruder jams, irregular gaps in-between individual extrusions, and/or excessive overlap, which eventually results in failed 3D prints. Despite the important role of the diameter consistency in the FFF process, few studies have addressed the required tolerance level to achieve highest 3D printing quality. The objective of this work is to develop the testing methods to measure the filament tolerance and control the filament fabrication process. A pellet-based extruder is utilized to fabricate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament using a nozzle of 1.75 mm in diameter. Temperature and extrusion rate are controlled parameters. An optical comparator and an array of digital calipers are used to measure the filament diameter. The results demonstrate that it is possible to achieve high diameter consistency and low tolerances (0.01mm) at low extrusion temperature (180 °C) and low extrusion rate (10 in/min). 

What Is Next?

2017 ◽  
pp. 78-92
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Digital Control ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Design Construction

Fourth Industrial Revolution gave birth to few different technologies, not known until now. One of them is 3D printing. If subtracting manufacturing is part of Industrial Revolution 3, Additive manufacturing is for sure part of Industrial Revolution 4.0. 3D printing has the potential to transform science and technology by creating bespoke, low-cost appliances that previously required dedicated facilities to make. 3D printers are used to initiate chemical reactions by printing the reagents directly into a 3D reactionware matrix, and so put reactionware design, construction and operation under digital control. Some models of 3D Printers can print uniquely shaped sugar confections in flavors such as chocolate, vanilla, mint, cherry, sour apple and watermelon. They can also print custom cake toppers–presumably in the likeness of the guest of honor.

Application of Polymer Plaster Composites in Additive Manufacturing of High-Strength Components

2015 ◽  
Vol 825-826 ◽  
pp. 763-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Junk ◽  
Rebecca Matt
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Testing Specimen ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Infiltration Technique ◽  
Cost Of Materials ◽  
The Cost

Today, 3D-printing with polymer plaster composites is a common method in Additive Manufacturing. This technique has proven to be especially suitable for the production of presentation models, due to the low cost of materials and the possibility to produce color-models. But nowadays it requires refinishing through the manual application of a layer of resin. However, the strength of these printed components is very limited, as the applied resin only penetrates a thin edge layer on the surface. This paper develops a new infiltration technique that allows for a significant increase in the strength of the 3D-printed component. For this process, the components are first dehydrated in a controlled two-tier procedure, before they are then penetrated with high-strength resin. The infiltrate used in this process differs significantly from materials traditionally used for infiltration. The result is an almost complete penetration of the components with high-strength infiltrate. As the whole process is computer-integrated, the results are also easier to reproduce, compared to manual infiltration. On the basis of extensive material testing with different testing specimen and testing methods, it can be demonstrated that a significant increase in strength and hardness can be achieved. Finally, this paper also considers the cost and energy consumption of this new infiltration method. As a result of this new technology, the scope of applicability of 3D-printing can be extended to cases that require significantly more strength, like the production of tools for the shaping of metals or used for the molding of plastics. Furthermore, both the process itself and the parameters used are monitored and can be optimized to individual requirements and different fields of application.

On the Analysis of a Compromised Additive Manufacturing System Using Spatio-Temporal Decomposition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakthi Kumar Arul Prakash ◽  
Tobias Mahan ◽  
Glen Williams ◽  
Christopher McComb ◽  
Jessica Menold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Solid Models ◽  
Statistical Validity ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Phase Variations ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract 3D printing systems have expanded the access to low cost, rapid methods for attaining physical prototypes or products. However, a cyber attack, system error, or operator error on a 3D printing system may result in catastrophic situations, ranging from complete product failure, to small types of defects which weaken the structural integrity of the product, making it unreliable for its intended use. Such defects can be introduced early-on via solid models or through G-codes for printer movements at a later stage. Previous works have studied the use of image classifiers to predict defects in real-time as a print is in progress and also by studying the printed entity once the print is complete. However, a major restriction in the functionality of these methods is the availability of a dataset capturing diverse attacks on printed entities or the printing process. This paper introduces a visual inspection technique that analyzes the amplitude and phase variations of the print head platform arising through induced system manipulations. The method uses an image sequence of a 3D printing process captured via an off the shelf camera to perform an offline multi-scale, multi-orientation decomposition to amplify imperceptible system movements attributable to a change in system parameters. The authors hypothesize that a change in the amplitude envelope and instantaneous phase response as a result of a change in the end effector translational instructions, to be correlated with an AM system compromise. A case study is presented that tests the hypothesis and provides statistical validity in support of the method. The method has the potential to enhance the robustness of cyber-physical systems such as 3D printers that rely on secure, high quality hardware and software to perform optimally.

scholarly journals OpenCTD: Construction and Operation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Thaler ◽  
S. Kersey Sturdivant ◽  
Russell Neches ◽  
Ian Black
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
End User ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
Online Retailers ◽  
Hands On ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Is Design

The OpenCTD is a low-cost, open-source CTD designed intentionally for citizen scientists, educators, and researchers working in nearshore coastal ecosystems, where entire research projects can be conducted for less than the cost of a commercial CTD. It was developed by a core team of marine ecologists in collaboration with a distributed community of scientists, engineers, makers, and conservation practitioners. It is assembled from components commonly available at large hardware stores or through major online retailers. The OpenCTD is design to be built by the end-user, providing both access to the tools of oceanography and the skills to maintain, repair, and replace OpenCTDs. For educators looking a for novel, in-depth, hands-on STEM experience for advanced students, the process of building an OpenCTD can offer a great introduction to coding, 3D-printing, hardware prototyping, and electronics. Construction of an OpenCTD can provide a practical foundation for courses in oceanography, environmental science, or physics.

scholarly journals REVIEW PAPER ON 3D PRINTING CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY AND MECHANICS FROM INDUSTRIAL ASPECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adan Bishar Hussein ◽  
Adan Bishar Hussein
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
User Management ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Building Project

There were a number of recent construction methods and materials introduced in the 21st century however, because of lack of data, the implementation of a new construction techniques or a replacement material, the limits of architecture and design have not changed considerably, as will the construction methods. Like the building project. In a broad spectrum of fields, the world of foodstuffs, and user management components, technology also showed promises. Similar with any or all sectors, the building industry continues to support the production of 3D printers. 3D printing should not be underestimated because it reduces the scope of key factors such as growth, the cost of the product and the duration of the entire undertaking. The discovery of new printable, refining shapes, and the regular properties of 3D written concrete will realize this inspiring technique in observation.

Investigation of Delta Robot 3D Printer for a Good Quality of Printing

2017 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Tiao Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Printing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Environment ◽  
3D Printers

Within this couple of years, a group of skilled people called “Maker” are interested in building everything by themselves. They attempt to develop a small manufacturing environment where allows people to execute a low cost fabrication task. In order to achieve this goal, they utilized flexible and smart manufacturing machines like 3D printers, laser cutter and small CNC. Especially 3D printer, its excellent performances had grasped many government administrators’ attention and developing 3D printing industry has become an important policy of many countries. Some of 3D printing patents have been expired within recent years. This event makes opens sources of 3D printers grow very fast. The Kossel Mini, Rostock and Prusa i3 are the typical examples. All of development kits of the above printers can be freely obtained from the Internet. This event makes a low cost fabrication become possible. However, the quality of their printed parts is dependent on a series of calibrations. The calibrations include defining the dimensions of hard frame of the printer, configuring firmware and setting building parameters of software. In order to let users to go through entire calibrating process, this paper proposed a standard procedure to calibrate Kossel Mini as well as make it print a good quality part.

Using ICT and Energy Technologies for Improving Global Engineering Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritpal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Educational Software ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Global Engineering ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
The Cost

Information, communication, and energy technologies have the potential to improve engineering education worldwide. With the availability of low cost, open-source microcontrollers/microcomputers, such as the Arduino and Raspberry Pi platforms, and a wide variety of sensors and communication tools, a range of engineering applications and innovations may be developed at a low price. Furthermore, the cost of solar panels and LED lamps have also dropped dramatically in recent years and these also allow for improved energy support in regions that lack energy access or require autonomous monitoring/processing. Also, low-cost 3D printers are now widely available for making simple prototypes of hardware. Finally, low-cost educational software tools have also become available. Combining these technologies enables engineering education to be brought into traditionally inaccessible communities in the world. In this book chapter, examples of how ICT and energy technologies are being used to teach students engineering technologies in underserved communities will be described. Application areas to be described will include environmental monitoring, clean water systems, and remote learning.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Open-Source Voltage and Current Monitor for Gas Metal Arc Weld 3D Printing

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pinar ◽  
B. Wijnen ◽  
G. C. Anzalone ◽  
T. C. Havens ◽  
P. G. Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Measurement ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Source Power ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
3D Printers

Arduino open-source microcontrollers are well known in sensor applications for scientific equipment and for controlling RepRap 3D printers. Recently low-cost open-source gas metal arc weld (GMAW) RepRap 3D printers have been developed. The entry-level welders used have minimal controls and therefore lack any real-time measurement of welder voltage or current. The preliminary work on process optimization of GMAW 3D printers requires a low-cost sensor and data logger system to measure welder current and voltage. This paper reports on the development of a low-cost open-source power measurement sensor system based on Arduino architecture. The sensor system was designed, built, and tested with two entry-level MIG welders. The full bill of materials and open source designs are provided. Voltage and current were measured while making stepwise adjustments to the manual voltage setting on the welder. Three conditions were tested while welding with steel and aluminum wire on steel substrates to assess the role of electrode material, shield gas, and welding velocity. The results showed that the open source sensor circuit performed as designed and could be constructed for <$100 in components representing a significant potential value through lateral scaling and replication in the 3D printing community.

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