Urban Flooding and Measures

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Toda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flood Model ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The City ◽  
Inundation Model

Urban flood disasters occur often worldwide, and Japan is no exception, as indicated by the 1999 Fukuoka flood. Urban floods result from changes in the urban environment influenced by the specific features of the city involved. We review recent urban floods, their causes and characteristics, together with the results of recent studies. Focusing on two mathematical models -- the integrated urban flood model of urban river basins and the underground inundation model -- we discuss their simulation results. To demonstrate the dangers of underground inundations, we introduce evacuation experiments conducted using full-scale staircase and door models. Based on these studies, we propose comprehensive measures against urban floods, including underground inundations.

scholarly journals Integrated modelling of overland flows and drainage networks in a urban environment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Courty
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Flows ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Overland Flows ◽  
Developed Surface ◽  
Flood Model ◽  
The City

Flood is already one of the most common disaster at a global scale.With the combined effects of the continuing urbanization and ongoing climate change, the number of both inundation events and affectees is set to increase.Numerical flood simulation is a key tool to be better prepared to tackle those changes, as it allows us to evaluate the impacts of multiple weather and development scenarios at a reduced cost.In the past decades, flood models have become more reliable and accessible, leading them to be now part of the common toolbox of consulting engineers, public authorities and academics.However, correctly model the hydrological processes occurring in a urban environment is a challenging task.A successful urban flood model should be able to resolve the overland flows, the drainage network flows, and the complex interactions that are taking place between those two systems.Furthermore, the combination of the large scale of modern cities and the fine resolution needed to adequately model the overland flows requires large computational resources, and limits the models usefulness for advanced applications, like ensemble analysis.The present describes a new, open-source, coupled flood model that takes advantage of recent advances in urban inundation modelling. The surface model of the developed tool employs a simplified numerical scheme that allows fast simulation at high resolution.The drainage network model is the well known SWMM, developed by the EPA.The simulation of the coupling between the drainage and the surface models is based on the knowledge recently acquired by physical modelling.The developed surface model is first evaluated against a combination of analytic solutions and a well-known similar model.It is then employed to the reproduction of an historical flood in the city of Hull, UK.The coupled surface-drainage model is first compared to similar commercial and academic models.Then, the coupled model is applied to an historical flood in the city of Kolkata, India.In all those tests, the developed software gives adequate results and paves the way to its use for flood risk mapping and drainage network design.

scholarly journals Assessment of Population Exposure to Urban Flood at the Building Scale

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3253
Author(s):  
Shaonan Zhu ◽  
Qiang Dai ◽  
Binru Zhao ◽  
Jiaqi Shao
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Highly Correlated

The assessment of populations affected by urban flooding is crucial for flood prevention and mitigation but is highly influenced by the accuracy of population datasets. The population distribution is related to buildings during the urban floods, so assessing the population at the building scale is more rational for the urban floods, which is possible due to the abundance of multi-source data and advances in GIS technology. Therefore, this study assesses the populations affected by urban floods through population mapping at the building scale using highly correlated point of interest (POI) data. The population distribution is first mapped by downscaling the grid-based WorldPop population data to the building scale. Then, the population affected by urban floods is estimated by superimposing the population data sets onto flood areas, with flooding simulated by the LISFLOOD-FP hydrodynamic model. Finally, the proposed method is applied to Lishui City in southeast China. The results show that the population affected by urban floods is significantly reduced for different rainstorm scenarios when using the building-scale population instead of WorldPop. In certain areas, populations not captured by WorldPop can be identified using the building-scale population. This study provides a new method for estimating populations affected by urban flooding.

scholarly journals Urban Rain Flood Ecosystem Design Planning and Feasibility Study for the Enrichment of Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5205
Author(s):  
Yixin Zhou ◽  
Ashutosh Sharma ◽  
Mehedi Masud ◽  
Gurjot Singh Gaba ◽  
Gaurav Dhiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Flooding Risk ◽  
City Construction ◽  
The City

The urban flooding situations have arisen in the modern scenario of urbanization due to climatic changes. This work contributes to designing a planned and feasible urban rain flood ecosystem to promote the construction of a sponge city. It has various advantages of improving the water environment, controlling urban waterlogging, reducing runoff pollution, improving river and lake water quality, recycling rainwater resources, replenishing groundwater, and many more. This paper combines the design methods and advantages of the design results formed in decades using traditional regulation and utilizing it for the present study. It reconstructs and integrates the traditional regulation and sponge city construction requirements, thereby providing a feasible urban rain-flood ecosystem in the industrial and smart city scenario. Finally, the regulation of new paddy areas in Yanjin city of China is considered for experimentation, and the design of the regulation is applied using this setup. The design results obtained from the test of sponge city construction have operability and can improve the urban environment and enhance the vitality of the city. The control plan’s design results integrating the sponge city idea can provide effective technical support and guarantee the overall urban environment. The work presented in this article can assess and plan the flood mitigation measures to monitor this type of situation leading to flooding risk reduction in smart cities.

scholarly journals High Resolution Urban Flood Modelling: A Case Study of Cork City, Ireland

10.29007/rzwj ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Nash ◽  
Joanne Comer ◽  
Agnieszka Olbert ◽  
Michael Hartnett
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
River Flows ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Peak Flows ◽  
Flood Model ◽  
The City

Flooding of coastal areas can be caused by a number of contributing factors: high river flows, high tides, storm surges or a combination thereof. This paper presents results of a numerical modelling investigation of the role of river flow in flooding of Cork City. The Cork City urban flood model was developed by dynamically linking a storm surge model of the northeast Atlantic with the multi-scale nested flood model, MSN_Flood, which uses nesting to telescope down from 90m resolution in Cork Harbour to 2m resolution in the city streets. LiDAR data was used to create the urban flood plain. The model is used to hindcast the 2009 major flood event and is shown to accurately recreate the flood levels and extents. The model is then used to investigate the contributions of river flows to flooding in the city by simulating a range of peak flow scenarios combined with spring and neap tidal conditions. It is shown that flooding is relatively minor for peak flows less than 300 m3/s, while peak flows in excess of 500 m3/s result in extensive flooding of the city centre regardless of tidal condition.

scholarly journals Analysis of Several Problems in the Construction of Sponge City

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
The City

Sponge city refers to a new urban construction concept used to solve urban flood disasters and water ecological problems. It is important for the construction of ecological civilization. It plays an important role in the green development and livability of the city. In the construction of a sponge city, it is necessary to make special urban planning and improve the top-level design. In recent years, China has developed a number of sponge city pilot projects. The numerous experiments act as important references for the urban construction in China. This paper mainly analyzes the requirements for the construction of sponge city and discusses several problems as well as solutions in the construction.

scholarly journals Assessment of Community Vulnerability to Different Types of Urban Floods: A Case for Lishui City, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quntao Yang ◽  
Shuliang Zhang ◽  
Qiang Dai ◽  
Rui Yao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
Comprehensive Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hydrometeorological Conditions

Urban flooding is a severe and pervasive hazard caused by climate change, urbanization, and limitations of municipal drainage systems. Cities face risks from different types of floods, depending on various geographical, environmental, and hydrometeorological conditions. In response to the growing threat of urban flooding, a better understanding of urban flood vulnerability is needed. In this study, a comprehensive method was developed to evaluate the vulnerability of different types of urban floods. First, a coupled urban flood model was built to obtain the extent of influence of various flood scenarios caused by rainfall and river levee overtopping. Second, an assessment framework for urban flood vulnerability based on an indicator method was used to evaluate the vulnerability in different flood hazard scenarios. Finally, the method was applied to Lishui City, China, and the distribution and pattern of urban flood vulnerability were studied. The results highlight the spatial variability of flooding and the vulnerability distributions of different types of urban floods. Compound floods were identified to cause more severe effects in the urban areas.

scholarly journals Climate Justice Planning in Global South: Applying a Coupled Nature–Human Flood Risk Assessment Framework in a Case for Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2021
Author(s):  
Chen-Fa Wu ◽  
Szu-Hung Chen ◽  
Ching-Wen Cheng ◽  
Luu Van Thong Trac
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Climate Justice ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Flood Risk Assessment ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Vulnerability Map ◽  
The City

Developing countries in the global south that contribute less to climate change have suffered greater from its impacts, such as extreme climatic events and disasters compared to developed countries, causing climate justice concerns globally. Ho Chi Minh City has experienced increased intensity and frequency of climate change-induced urban floods, causing socio-economic damage that disturbs their livelihoods while urban populations continue to grow. This study aims to establish a citywide flood risk map to inform risk management in the city and address climate justice locally. This study applied a flood risk assessment framework integrating a coupled nature–human approach and examined the spatial distribution of urban flood hazard and urban flood vulnerability. A flood hazard map was generated using selected morphological and hydro-meteorological indicators. A flood vulnerability map was generated based on a literature review and a social survey weighed by experts’ priorities using the Fuzzy Delphi Method and Analytic Network Process. Vulnerability indicators including demographic characteristics, infrastructure, and land use patterns were used to generate a flood vulnerability map. The results illustrate that almost the entire central and northeastern parts of the city are at high flood risk, whereas the western part is at low flood risk. The findings have implications in urban planning via identifying risk hot spots in order to prioritize resources for mitigating hazards and enhancing community resilience to urban floods.

scholarly journals An internet of things system for urban flood monitoring and short-term flood forecasting in Colima, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdou Khouakhi ◽  
Ian Pattison ◽  
Jesús López-de la Cruz ◽  
Oliver Mendoza-Cano ◽  
Robert Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Data Platform ◽  
The City

<p>Urban flooding is one of the major issues in many parts of the world and its management often challenging. Here we present Internet of Things (IoT) approach for monitoring urban flooding in the City of Colima, Mexico. A network of water level and weather sensors have been developed along with a web-based data platform integrated with IoT techniques to retrieve data using 3G/4G and Wi-Fi networks. The developed architecture uses the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport protocol to send real-time data packages from fixed nodes to a server that stores retrieved data in a non-relational database. Data can be accessed and displayed through different queries and graphical representations, allowing future use in flood analysis and prediction. Additionally, machine learning algorithms are integrated into the system for short-range water level predictions at different nodes of the network.</p>

scholarly journals 1D-2D MODELING OF URBAN FLOODS AND RISK MAP GENERATION FOR THE PART OF HYDERABAD CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Rangari ◽  
R. Gonugunta ◽  
N. V. Umamahesh ◽  
A. K. Patel ◽  
C. M. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Risk Maps

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Space for water is now becoming guiding principle of urban planning because urban flooding is the major problem facing by most of the cities in India. Urban development in developing countries like India usually occurs with high population concentrating in small areas, with poor drainage conditions. People occupy floodplain areas in low flood years and when larger flood occurs it causes high damage. The origin for urban floods is floodplains encroachment and unplanned drainage systems. Complexities in the urban environment and drainage infrastructure have an inherent influence on surface runoff. This runoff generates urban flooding which poses challenges to modeling urban flood hazard and risk. As like in river flooding satellite images are not available for unban flooding scenario. So better modelling provides minimizing loss of life and property. The present study focuses on recognizing the highly effected areas which are liable to flooding when extreme rainfall occurs for part of Hyderabad city (Zone XIII). The entire Hyderabad city is divided into 16 zones and each zone having details of existing drain network. A coupled 1D-2D flood modelling approach is used to identify flood prone areas and develop flood inundation and flood risk maps. 1D model for pilot area is developed using storm water management model (SWMM) and coupled with 2D PCSWMM. A web based GIS platform INPPINS is used to geo reference the existing network details and exported to 1D SWMM model. The model is simulated for extreme flood event occurred in past. The simulation run results identifies overflowing drainage nodes and flood inundation maps and risk maps prepared. The flood risk maps identify the low lying areas which need immediate attention in case of emergency. The overflowing nodes suggest the need of improvement of drainage in the area to safely dispose of the storm water and minimize the flooding.</p>

scholarly journals A Framework for Risk-Based Assessment of Urban Floods in Coastal Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Shubham Tandon ◽  
Nitin Bassi ◽  
Pradipta Kumar Mohanty ◽  
Saurabh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Index Value ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Flood Risk

Abstract Many coastal cities in developing countries are at the risk of flooding due to a progressive increase in the built-up areas and poor management of stormwater. The flooding situation in coastal cities gets accentuated further due to climate induced natural disasters such as cyclones and climate change induced sea-level rise that adversely impact the city’s natural drainage potential. This study developed a composite urban flood risk index consisting of three sub-indices and 20 key natural, physical, social, and economic influencing variables for a coastal city (i.e. Cuttack) in eastern India, the intensity of storm runoff being one among the many. The intensity-duration-frequency curve developed shows that the city can experience floods with a peak discharge of 1,320 cubic metre per second every alternate year for a rainfall intensity of 2-hour duration. The urban flood risk index computed for all the city wards shows that out of the 59 wards, only one ward has low flood risk (index value < 0.40) and 20 wards are at high risk (index value 0.55 and above) from the urban flood. Thereafter, factors leading to high risk due to urban floods were identified and the institutional capacities available with the urban utility for fighting floods analyzed.

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