Special Issue on Intelligent Vehicle Technologies for Safety and Active Life

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-609
Author(s):  
Hidehisa Yoshida ◽  
Manabu Omae ◽  
Takahiro Wada
Keyword(s):  
Social Acceptance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Active Safety ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Cooperative Driving ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Vehicle System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vehicle Technologies

Intelligent automobiles equipped with active safety methods whose objective is to reduce accidents caused by human problems such as careless driving and loss of consciousness, have got the social acceptance widely which are recognized by introducing collision avoidance brakes to the market. Active safety and automated driving technologies of intelligent automobiles were featured at TokyoMotor Show 2015. Their displays attracted much attention.It is necessary to propose new technologies continuously by the technical subject of active safety and automated driving, for example, relation of cooperative driving by a vehicle system and a driver, from the restrictions of originality of technical developments and the liability issues at the time of an accident.Even so, users worldwide expect much from the dynamic future of transportation for safety and active life.This special issue features seven papers carefully reviewed by field specialists.I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation to the authors who have contributed their valuable research results to this special issue and to the reviewers who provided their invaluable expertise.I would also like to thank members of the Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics board for giving me the unique opportunity to plan and coordinate this issue.

scholarly journals Advanced Estimation Techniques for Vehicle System Dynamic State: A Survey

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin ◽  
Yin ◽  
Chen
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Steering System ◽  
System Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Active Safety ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Estimation Techniques ◽  
Stability Performance ◽  
Vehicle System

In order to improve handling stability performance and active safety of a ground vehicle, a large number of advanced vehicle dynamics control systems—such as the direct yaw control system and active front steering system, and in particular the advanced driver assistance systems—towards connected and automated driving vehicles have recently been developed and applied. However, the practical effects and potential performance of vehicle active safety dynamics control systems heavily depend on real-time knowledge of fundamental vehicle state information, which is difficult to measure directly in a standard car because of both technical and economic reasons. This paper presents a comprehensive technical survey of the development and recent research advances in vehicle system dynamic state estimation. Different aspects of estimation strategies and methodologies in recent literature are classified into two main categories—the model-based estimation approach and the data-driven-based estimation approach. Each category is further divided into several sub-categories from the perspectives of estimation-oriented vehicle models, estimations, sensor configurations, and involved estimation techniques. The principal features of the most popular methodologies are summarized, and the pros and cons of these methodologies are also highlighted and discussed. Finally, future research directions in this field are provided.

Preface to the Special Issue on Human Factors and Advanced Vehicle Automation: Of Benefits, Barriers, and Bridges to Safe and Effective Implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
William J. Horrey ◽  
John D. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Vehicle Technology ◽  
Vehicle Automation ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
Near Future

Objective The aim of this special issue is to bring together the latest research related to driver interaction with various types of vehicle automation. Background Vehicle technology has undergone significant progress over the past decade, bringing new support features that can assist the driver and take on more and more of the driving responsibilities. Method This issue is comprised of eight articles from international research teams, focusing on different types of automation and different user populations, including driver support features through to highly automated driving systems. Results The papers comprising this special issue are clustered into three categories: (a) experimental studies of driver interactions with advanced vehicle technologies; (b) analysis of existing data sources; and (c) emerging human factors issues. Studies of currently available and pending systems highlight some of the human factors challenges associated with the driver–system interaction that are likely to become more prominent in the near future. Moreover, studies of more nascent concepts (i.e., those that are still a long way from production vehicles) underscore many attitudes, perceptions, and concerns that will need to be considered as these technologies progress. Conclusions Collectively, the papers comprising this special issue help fill some gaps in our knowledge. More importantly, they continue to help us identify and articulate some of the important and potential human factors barriers, design considerations, and research needs as these technologies become more ubiquitous.

scholarly journals The AI Liability Puzzle and A Fund-Based Work-Around

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 1309-1334
Author(s):  
Olivia J. Erdelyi ◽  
Gabor Erdelyi
Keyword(s):  
Social Acceptance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Funding Mechanism ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level

Confidence in the regulatory environment is crucial to enable responsible AI innovation and foster the social acceptance of these powerful new technologies. One notable source of uncertainty is, however, that the existing legal liability system is unable to assign responsibility where a potentially harmful conduct and/or the harm itself are unforeseeable, yet some instantiations of AI and/or the harms they may trigger are not foreseeable in the legal sense. The unpredictability of how courts would handle such cases makes the risks involved in the investment and use of AI difficult to calculate with confidence, creating an environment that is not conducive to innovation and may deprive society of some benefits AI could provide. To tackle this problem, we propose to draw insights from financial regulatory best practices and establish a system of AI guarantee schemes. We envisage the system to form part of the broader market-structuring regulatory frameworks, with the primary function to provide a readily available, clear, and transparent funding mechanism to compensate claims that are either extremely hard or impossible to realize via conventional litigation. We propose it to be at least partially industry-funded. Funding arrangements should depend on whether it would pursue other potential policy goals aimed more broadly at controlling the trajectory of AI innovation to increase economic and social welfare worldwide. Because of the global relevance of the issue, rather than focusing on any particular legal system, we trace relevant developments across multiple jurisdictions and engage in a high-level, comparative conceptual debate around the suitability of the foreseeability concept to limit legal liability. The paper also refrains from confronting the intricacies of the case law of specific jurisdictions for now and—recognizing the importance of this task—leaves this to further research in support of the legal system’s incremental adaptation to the novel challenges of present and future AI technologies. This article appears in the special track on AI and Society.

scholarly journals IYL 2015 in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard S. Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Acceptance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Energy Education ◽  
Opposite Case ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technological Clusters

Abstract Light plays a key role in human’s life. Without light there will be no human life environment. Technologies based on light, called photonics, decide of the development of our civilization. The role of photonics is constantly increasing, especially in such fields as energy, education, agriculture and health. The UN has established the International Year of Light and Light - based Technologies – IYL2015 [1]. The organizers of IYL2015 events are professional organizations, communities, educational organizations, non-profit ones, technological clusters and platforms, but also private sector. The aim is to increase the social consciousness about the role of light and photonics in building of our civilization. This sort of recognition is necessary as a needed component of the development process of the society. Introduction of new technologies, like completely new kind of lighting, new diagnostic and therapeutic methods, new sources of energy, etc., must meet with social acceptance. In the opposite case, isolated development of infrastructure, will meet with obstacles. In Poland, the professional events, technical, trade fairs and outreach ones, are organized in the framework of the IYL2015 by Photonics Society of Poland, Polish Physical Society, Polish Platform of Photonics Technologies, etc. The paper summarizes the issues combined with the organization of the IYL2015 globally and in Poland. Extended version of this paper was published in Polish [2]. The paper is a part of a cycle of articles devoted to analysis of global processes of photonics development. Previous papers concerned initiatives Photonics21 in Europe [3-4], NPI – National Photonics Initiative in USA [5], and development of optical sciences in Poland [6-15].

Narrating Society: Enacting ‘Immigrant’ Characters through Negotiating, Naturalization, and Forgetting

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Boersma
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Media And Communication

This article scrutinizes how ‘immigrant’ characters of perpetual arrival are enacted in the social scientific work of immigrant integration monitoring. Immigrant integration research produces narratives in which characters—classified in highly specific, contingent ways as ‘immigrants’—are portrayed as arriving and never as having arrived. On the basis of ethnographic fieldwork at social scientific institutions and networks in four Western European countries, this article analyzes three practices that enact the characters of arrival narratives: negotiating, naturalizing, and forgetting. First, it shows how negotiating constitutes objects of research while at the same time a process of hybridization is observed among negotiating scientific and governmental actors. Second, a naturalization process is analyzed in which slippery categories become fixed and self-evident. Third, the practice of forgetting involves the fading away of contingent and historical circumstances of the research and specifically a dispensation of ‘native’ or ‘autochthonous’ populations. Consequently, the article states how some people are considered rightful occupants of ‘society’ and others are enacted to travel an infinite road toward an occupied societal space. Moreover, it shows how enactments of arriving ‘immigrant’ characters have performative effects in racially differentiating national populations and hence in narrating society. This article is part of the Global Perspectives, Media and Communication special issue on “Media, Migration, and Nationalism,” guest-edited by Koen Leurs and Tomohisa Hirata.

Introduction: The Anthropocene as Context and Concept for the Study of Higher Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
RYAN EVELY GILDERSLEEVE ◽  
KATIE KLEINHESSELINK
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Analytic Tool ◽  
The Social ◽  
Geologic Condition

The Anthropocene has emerged in philosophy and social science as a geologic condition with radical consequence for humankind, and thus, for the social institutions that support it, such as higher education. This essay introduces the special issue by outlining some of the possibilities made available for social/philosophical research about higher education when the Anthropocene is taken seriously as an analytic tool. We provide a patchwork of discussions that attempt to sketch out different ways to consider the Anthropocene as both context and concept for the study of higher education. We conclude the essay with brief introductory remarks about the articles collected for this special issue dedicated to “The Anthropocene and Higher Education.”

Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Szollosy
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Cultural Imagination ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Augmentation ◽  
Public Imagination

This chapter introduces the “Perspectives” section of the Handbook of Living Machines offering an overview of the different contributions gathered here that consider how biomimetic and biohybrid systems will transform our personal lives and social organizations, and how we might respond to the challenges that these transformations will inevitably pose to our ‘posthuman’ worlds. The authors in this section see it as essential that those who aspire to create living machines engage with the public to confront misconceptions, deep anxieties, and unrealistic aspirations that presently dominate the cultural imagination, and to include potential users in questions of design and utility as new technologies are being developed. Human augmentation and enhancement are other important themes addressed, raising important questions about what it means fundamentally to be ‘human’. These questions and challenges are addressed through the lens of the social and personal impacts of new technologies on human selves, the public imagination, ethics, and human relationships.

scholarly journals Concept of an Ontology for Automated Vehicle Behavior in the Context of Human-Centered Research on Automated Driving Styles

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Johannes Ossig ◽  
Stephanie Cramer ◽  
Klaus Bengler
Keyword(s):  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Driving Style ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Automated Vehicle ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Vehicle System ◽  
The Future ◽  
Conceptual Distinction

In the human-centered research on automated driving, it is common practice to describe the vehicle behavior by means of terms and definitions related to non-automated driving. However, some of these definitions are not suitable for this purpose. This paper presents an ontology for automated vehicle behavior which takes into account a large number of existing definitions and previous studies. This ontology is characterized by an applicability for various levels of automated driving and a clear conceptual distinction between characteristics of vehicle occupants, the automation system, and the conventional characteristics of a vehicle. In this context, the terms ‘driveability’, ‘driving behavior’, ‘driving experience’, and especially ‘driving style’, which are commonly associated with non-automated driving, play an important role. In order to clarify the relationships between these terms, the ontology is integrated into a driver-vehicle system. Finally, the ontology developed here is used to derive recommendations for the future design of automated driving styles and in general for further human-centered research on automated driving.

scholarly journals Transition to Circular Economy in the Fertilizer Sector—Analysis of Recommended Directions and End-Users’ Perception of Waste-Based Products in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4312
Author(s):  
Marzena Smol
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
End Users ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sector Analysis ◽  
Art Analysis

Circular economy (CE) is an economic model, in which raw materials remain in circulation as long as possible and the generation of waste is minimized. In the fertilizer sector, waste rich in nutrients should be directed to agriculture purposes. This paper presents an analysis of recommended directions for the use of nutrient-rich waste in fertilizer sector and an evaluation of possible interest in this kind of fertilizer by a selected group of end-users (nurseries). The scope of research includes the state-of-the-art analysis on circular aspects and recommended directions in the CE implementation in the fertilizer sector (with focus on sewage-based waste), and survey analysis on the potential interest of nurseries in the use of waste-based fertilizers in Poland. There are more and more recommendations for the use of waste for agriculture purposes at European and national levels. The waste-based products have to meet certain requirements in order to put such products on the marker. Nurserymen are interested in contributing to the process of transformation towards the CE model in Poland; however, they are not fully convinced due to a lack of experience in the use of waste-based products and a lack of social acceptance and health risk in this regard. Further actions to build the social acceptance of waste-based fertilizers, and the education of end-users themselves in their application is required.

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