scholarly journals China Strategic Roles Over Artic Region After U.S- Russia Diplomatic Drift in 2015 Crimean Crisis

POLITEA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Palupi Anggraheni
Keyword(s):  
Good Condition ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Russian President ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Crimean Crisis ◽  
The Arctic Region

<p class="07KatakunciKeywords">Arctic regions, on the northern pole of the earth, have attracted many countries with various interests. The United States, Russia and several Scandinavian countries, each have claims over its regions, which are known to have abundance natural resource. Besides its potential, Artic also become the most vulnerable area whom embrace the direct impact of global warming. Russia as a country with wide territorial borders directly to Arctic region, certainly has a big role in this region. But, Rusia’s relationship with several Western countries such as the US and Canada had not been in a good condition in 2015, since the Crimean crisis. Several psywar through mass media, even led Russian President Vladimir Putin decides to leave the G20 Annual Summit. Putin’s gesture somehow was seen as Russia implied response to the world related to the Crimea crisis which boldly stated that Russia was not afraid of the threat.  The instability of Russia's relations with its neighboring countries which incidentally also borders the Arctic region opens the role of other countries to participate in this region, including China. This articles focused on describing out the China Strategic Policy in the Arctic region by identifying its national interests, and what policies China has taken to achieve its goals. The concept of securitization developed by Barry Buzan and Ole Waever is used as an analytical tool to identify China's strategic role in the Arctic region          </p><p class="07KatakunciKeywords">Keywords: China, securitization, national interest , Artic Region</p>

NATIONAL SECURITY CHALLENGES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE ARCTIC REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Pavel A. Anisimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article examines the main challenges to the national security of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region. In particular, the author analyzes the reasons for the behavioral patterns of Russia and the NATO countries in relation to the Arctic through the prism of a realistic paradigm in the theory of international relations. It is the comprehensive approach to the consideration of the Arctic situation that determines the novelty and relevance of the study. In connection with the discovery and development of large mineral deposits, the role of the Arctic region in modern world political processes has increased. Also, since the late 20th – early 21st century, the Arctic has been in the focus of increased attention of international actors due to its geopolitical importance. All this makes it a priority for Russia. The intensification of the economic activity of the Russian Federation in the Arctic, as well as the implementation of such projects as the Northern Sea Route, has become the cause of the growing tensions in the region. The United States and other NATO countries, whose geopolitical interests are affected, are not only strengthening their anti-Russian rhetoric, but also increasing their military presence. In turn, this is perceived by the Russian side as a strategic threat and leads to mirror measures, including the deployment of a military infrastructure and an increase in the number of military exercises. However, despite growing tensions in the Arctic, Russia has consistently demonstrated its readiness for open dialogue and cooperation with its Western partners.

scholarly journals U.S. Arctic policy: the agenda of 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Andrei Andreevich Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Policy ◽  
Defense Cooperation ◽  
Relevant Consideration ◽  
The Arctic Region

This article explores the key stages of the development of U.S. policy with regards to Arctic Region. The goal is set to outline the fundamental interests of the United States in the Arctic, as well as analyze the actions aimed at their achievement. The article examines the main priorities in U.S. Arctic policy, namely the protection and preservation of resources and ecosystem in the Arctic Region, scientific study of climatic changes, peculiarities of economic development of Alaska, and national security interests of the state. The questions of interaction of Arctic states with regards to defense cooperation become increasingly relevant. Consideration of the mid-term and long-term prospects of U.S. Arctic policy allowed the author focusing attention on the news aspects of U.S. government actions. Maritime capabilities of the United States in the Arctic waters are views in the context of modern tendencies. The author attempted to trace the prospects for expansion of U.S. influence in the Arctic Region based on the current agenda of 2019.

scholarly journals The Arctic Vector of US Foreign Policy: Dynamics of Development in the Late 20th – Early 21st Centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Ф. Х. Соколова ◽  
◽  
А. Е. Шапаров
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Policy Dynamics ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Arctic Policy

The current international political agenda has seen a growing importance of the Arctic region, which in the last century remained on the periphery of world politics. The interest in the Arctic is clearly manifested in the global socio-political discourse, with national interests in this region being advanced not only by the Arctic states, but also by countries having no direct geographical connection with it. Based on the analysis of key strategic documents, this article presents the dynamics of the development of the US Arctic policy in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. It is demonstrated that Barack Obama’s and Donald Trump’s Arctic policies were interconnected and had common grounds, including the following: protection of the country’s national interests in the region; environmental priorities and ensuring sustainable development of the region; participation of indigenous peoples in the decision-making process concerning their interests; development of international cooperation; freedom of navigation; responsible management of the Arctic under the leadership of the United States. However, according to the authors, Obama’s and Trump’s Arctic policies had two significant differences. Firstly, Obama viewed the Arctic as a territory of cooperation and dialogue, while Trump, as an area of rivalry and competition. Secondly, in Obama’s policy, the ecological component was more pronounced, while Trump primarily focused on the country’s economic interests. In general, the two presidents’ Arctic policies were in line with the corresponding foreign policies of the Democratic and Republican Parties. Thus, it can be predicted that Joe Biden’s Arctic policy will be a continuation of Obama’s policy.

scholarly journals Some issues of cooperation between Russia and China in the Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-339
Author(s):  
Elena S. Novikova ◽  
◽  
Anna V. Kripak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article is devoted to the consideration of the reasons and a number of areas of cooperation between Russia and China in the Arctic region. The importance of this region for Russia and China is analyzed. The advantages of the Arctic for the two countries in terms of territory, economy, and politics are revealed. The conclusion is made about the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the exacerbation of the crisis of political and economic relations between China, Russia, and the United States.

scholarly journals The specificity of Russia’s chairmanship of the Arctic Council in 2021–2023

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sofia Khusainova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The North ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic Region

The subject of this research is the policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic. The object is Russia&rsquo;s chairmanship of the Arctic Council in 2021&ndash;2023. The author meticulously analyzes the positions of the state, taking into account national interests and peculiarities of the current international situation in the region. The article examines the domestic legislative acts adopted for regulation of the Arctic Region, as well as international documents aimed at sustainable development of the North. The conditions of collective security dictate moderate and clearly defined policy in the Arctic, which is the central arena for political action with the leading role of the Russian Federation until 2023. The conclusion is drawn that the Arctic Region is currently the most relevant vector of the policy of northern states. Chairmanship of the Russian Federation imposes enormous responsibility on the country, as despite the overall state of security in the region, there remains a range of unresolved issues. The attempts of institutionalization of the Arctic Council may become an implicit threat for the Russian Federation; this is why the systematization of domestic legislation and foreign policy actions on maintaining the health of ecosystem, cultural heritage, and environmental policy have become the priority vectors in the first year of Russia&rsquo;s chairmanship. The overall responsibility of the leading actor the Arctic does not exclude the existence of classic threats to the security of state&rsquo;s sovereignty, which requires accurate planning in subsequent years of the chairmanship.

scholarly journals China’s Arctic Policy: Challenges to Regional Security (1990s – 2020s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 377-388
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Horobets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
The World ◽  
Arctic Policy ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article analyzes the evolution of China's Arctic policy, which has expanded over three decades from individual polar research to observer status in the Arctic Council and the existence of a state Arctic strategy. China and Russia have established mutually beneficial cooperation in the Arctic region in such conditions, when in many areas there are fundamental contradictions between the countries. The West did not have a long-term strategy capable of responding to current security challenges, including in the Arctic. When Russia tried to regain lost positions on the world stage in 2007-2008, China became an increasingly influential player in the world. If before the Arctic had been outside the lines of rivalry for decades, the question of the Far North as an arena of military competition began to take first place. China has become a long-term threat to both the United States and Russia. In previous years, with the help of the China, Moscow had the opportunity to receive the necessary investments and technologies for large-scale Arctic projects. The more Beijing attempts to establish itself as an influential player in the Arctic, the more the threat to other Arctic countries will grow. The Russian Federation has positioned itself as a leader in the region. The country's policy was aimed at strengthening this status through regional control and expansion of the military presence. This led to a response from the United States and NATO countries. In Russia it was assessed as a threat. The question arises as to what the strategy of the United States should be, and whether it will be possible to resist the costly arms race. If not, then the competition will be concentrated in the political and economic spheres. A particular aspect is the rapid militarization of the Arctic region after 2014, primarily due to changes in Russia's military strategy, which extends to the North. This has led to the tensions between the United States and Russia. China has not yet resorted to expand its military power in the Arctic. China's policy of economic and infrastructural influence is opposed to military methods. The effectiveness of Chinese non-military methods of influence is assessed

scholarly journals Norwway’s Arctic security policy: agenda of 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Andrei Andreevich Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Arctic Security ◽  
Arctic Policy ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Arctic Region

The goal of this article consists in comprehensive analysis of the domestic and foreign security policy of Norway in the regions of Norwegian Arctic and Northern Norway. This work explores the geographical peculiarities and economy of the regions; questions of international cooperation, impacting the domestic policy as a whole and Arctic policy in particular; Norway&rsquo;s military interests and military presence of NATO and the United States in the region of Norwegian Arctic. Attention is given to the relations between Norway and Russia, since they influence the overall balance between countries in the Arctic region. The conducted analysis demonstrates that Arctic region is strategically important for Norway from the perspectives of both, domestic and foreign policy. Norway plans to pay attention to respect nation&rsquo;s sovereignty, which is necessary for successful development of the region, its economy, security, and conducting scientific research in the Arctic. Norway&rsquo;s Arctic policy is closely tied to relations with Russia and NATO member-states, and its further development on this vector can play a positive role for the entire global community. Carrying out dual policy with regards to Russia, Norway welcomes the strengthening of military presence of the NATO countries in the region. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

scholarly journals Impact of the activity of federal executive branches on ensuring national security of Russia in the Arctic Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Artem Olegovich Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Arctic Region

The subject of this research is national interests of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region. Russia's national interests in the Arctic are versatile and quite complex, representing an intersection of the spheres of national interests of Russia as a whole and such particular vectors as the World Ocean, economic sphere, border zone, etc. They are delineated with different degree of specification in a range of normative legal and other documents. Systematization of national interests, factors and threats in the Arctic zone, as well as understanding of their interrelation is an important step in ensuring national security of Russia in the Arctic Region. The analysis of normative legal acts allows systematizing the factors influencing the activity of federal executive branches in the Arctic, as well as outlining the threats to national security of Russia in the Arctic Region. The author analyzes correlation between the factors and threats to Russia's national interests and the vectors of activity of the federal executive branches on their neutralization. Such approach towards interdependence of factors, interests, and vectors of activity is of comprehensive, which discerns it from other existing approaches. The parallel is drawn between the indicated correlation and the dual layer neural network. The author assesses the feasibility of the proposed original approach for estimating the impact of activity of the federal executive branches on ensuring national interests, and offers relevant recommendations.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Financing Road Activities in the Arctic Region: the Experience of the Murmansk Oblast

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Natalia A. SEROVA ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Murmansk Oblast ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article presents the results of a study of the peculiarities of financing the road economy of the Murmansk region — the Arctic region, the development of transport, including road, infrastructure of which acquires particular importance in the light of the implementation of national interests and priority directions of Russian state policy in the Arctic. In the course of work, the author considered the dynamics of spending funds from the Road Fund of the Murmansk region for 2012–2020. It has been determined that the existing volume of financing of the regional road infrastructure does not allow the region to fully implement the tasks of developing road infrastructure and improving the quality of highways (primarily local ones). It is concluded that additional funds are needed to finance the road infrastructure of the Arctic regions, including through the use of public-private partnership mechanisms. The results of the study can be used in the formation of a policy in the field of road facilities in the Murmansk region, as well as in further research on the financial support of road activities and the functioning of road funds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document