scholarly journals Pemuliaan Mutasi untuk Perbaikan terhadap Umur dan Produktivitas pada Kedelai

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asadi Asadi
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Seed Irradiation ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mutant Lines

<p>To support the government policy in<br />improving soybean production, it is suggested to plant early<br />maturing (&lt;80 days), drought tolerant and high yielding<br />varieties to be applied in the cropping system of rice-ricesoybean<br />and rice-rice-rice-soybean in lowland, and in<br />dryland cropping system of rice-soybean or rice-other<br />palawija crops. Mutation breeding in soybean for early<br />maturity and high productivity in soybean can be applied to<br />obtain some new varieties. The breeding procedures<br />included selection using bulk method for M1 population,<br />followed by the pedigree method for M2-M5 generations.<br />Evaluation of uniformity (homozygous) of lines is done on<br />the M4 generation. Yield and adaption testing are conducted<br />during M5-M8 generations. Through mutation breeding early<br />maturity soybean varieties were released elsewhere. In<br />national research institutes such as The National Nuclear<br />Energy Agency (Batan) Indonesia, soybean mutation breeding<br />activities were begun since 1972, while in Indonesian<br />Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic<br />Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD), it<br />was started in 2009. Batan has released two early maturing<br />soybean varieties through seed irradiation such as Tengger<br />in 1991 and Meratus in 1998. While in 2011 ICABIOGRAD<br />through irradiation of calli-derived embryo zygotic has<br />selected 50 early maturing and potentially yielding soybean<br />mutant lines. While through seed irradiation in 2012, 15<br />soybean advanced lines that matured earlier and<br />demontrated higher yield were also obtained.</p>

scholarly journals A mutation breeding programme for sprouting resistance in bread wheat

1976 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-355
Author(s):  
E. I. Kivi ◽  
S. Hovinen
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Resistant Mutants ◽  
Sprouting Resistance ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety ◽  
Initial Objective

A breeding programme involving 60Co mutagen treatment of the early maturing, hexaploid spring wheat variety Ruso, is described. The initial objective of the breeding work was to improve Ruso’s resistance to sprouting in the ear. Treatment in the moist chamber followed by falling number tests were used for screening the mutants. Several very sprouting resistant but late maturing mutants were found. None the less efforts were made to retain also the earliness of the mother variety in the sprouting resistant mutants. In the generation, there remained four usable early mutant lines showing a clear improvement in sprouting resistance. Two of them, in addition, have remarkably stiff straw, even when compared with the already very lodging resistant mother variety.

Creation and evaluation of new varieties and populations of alfalfa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Meremyanina I. A. ◽  
◽  
V.V. Kenyz V.V.
Keyword(s):  
High Productivity ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Complex Hybrid ◽  
The Creation

The article is based on the creation and evaluation of new varieties and complex hybrid populations of alfalfa with economically valuable traits and properties.Varieties with high productivity of green mass and seeds have been created and studied.

APPLICATION OF THE INTENSIVE CROP GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN CROP ROTATION IS THE STABILITY CONDITION OF THE HUMUS CONTENT OF SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. А. Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

In OOO “Dubovitskoe” which was organized in 2006 as investment project of the AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim” for 2010 – 2012 three advanced crop rotations have been developed. Before their introduction the grain crops fraction in the cropping system was 62%, then it fell to 49%. At the same time the portion of raw crops increased from 15 to 20%, legumes from 6 to 8%, others (buckwheat, grain maize, etc.) - up to 23%. As of 2017, the crops of leguminous crops have increased noteworthily. There are two predominant soil types here heavy clay loam podzolized chernozem (6615 ha) and grey forest soil (856 ha). Weighted average indicators (as of 2017): humus content in the soils of arable land is 5, 34%; acidity pH is 4.92; labile phosphorus - 111.8 mg / kg soil; exchange potassium - 144 mg / kg soil. The coefficient of the soil fertility in the enterprise (weighted average) is 0.66. This means that maintaining and increasing the soil fertility for arable land of the enterprise is critical task. As a result of the research, it has been established that the technologies introduced in the crop vegetation management (CVS) in the crop rotation conditions ensure high productivity of cultivated crops and stability of humus content in soils as an energy basis and a guarantor of increasing fertility. The indicators of the labile phosphorus Р205 and exchange potassium К20 in the soils depending on the crop rotation vary from a certain decrease to expressed steady growth. Therefore it is necessary to specify seeding rates based on actual data. Sustainable soil acidification in the crop rotations under crop cultivation in OOO “Dubovitskoe” it is the result of the acid feterlizers high rates application, during studying period did not carried out required agromelioration with calcium contenting elements.

scholarly journals Selection of drought tolerant rice varieties for the western mid hills of Nepal

2018 ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
B. B. Adhikari ◽  
B. Mehera ◽  
S. M. Haefele
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Participatory Varietal Selection ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Rice (Oryza sativa L) is the most important staple food crop in Nepal, but current yields are low and total production varies, mostly due to drought. To evaluate high yielding and drought tolerant rice genotypes in typical rainfed lowland conditions, a participatory varietal selection trials was conducted with farmers in farmer’s field at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal during the wet season 2009 and 2010. Trials were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with six replications. Results obtained from two years’ experiment indicated that the genotypes IR-74371-54-1 and IR74371-70-1 matured at the same duration as the local check Radha-4 (120-123 days growth duration). Both genotypes had a high average chlorophyll content (SPAD reading of 15.9-16.1), were medium tall (110-112 cm), non-lodging, had a high number of filled grains and little sterility, and a high grain yield (mean yield 5.0 and 4.8 t ha-1, respectively). They also had the highest root length (22.4-26.2 cm) and root weight (9.5-10 g hill-1) which could tolerate more drought than the other genotypes tested. The maximum cost/benefit ratio was found in IR-74371-54-1 (1:1.72) followed by IR-74371-70-1 (1:1.66) and IR-74371-46-1-1 (1:1.65). All three lines were highly preferred by farmers in preference rankings during field visits and were released in Nepal in 2011 as Sookhadhan-2, Sookhadhan-3 and Sookhadhan-1 varieties, respectively. They fit easily into the existing cropping system in rainfed lowlands, are economically viable and safe to cultivate for the farmers in the mid hills of Nepal.Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science.Vol. 33-34, 2015, page: 195-206

scholarly journals Genetic Variability Studies in M5 Generations of Determinate Early Maturing Cluster Bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] (MDU-1) Mutants for Yield and Yield Attributing Characters

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Suresh ◽  
M. Ananthan ◽  
C. Vanniarajan ◽  
P. Balasubramanian ◽  
T. Sivakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Variability Analysis ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Bean Variety ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Different Doses

Background: MDU-1 is a high yielding, indeterminate cluster bean variety. In order to develop determinate mutant with high yield, MDU-1 cluster bean variety was irradiated using gamma rays, electron beam and combination of gamma rays and EMS with different doses and the variability induced in M5 generations were studied. Methods: Twenty one best individual plants from M4 generation were selected based on plant height and higher yield and forwarded to M5 generation where they were evaluated in RBD with three replications. Fourteen non-segregating mutant lines with desirable traits were identified in M5 generation and were evaluated for variability along with the parent MDU1. Result: Five best mutant lines namely ACMC-020-04, ACMC-020-11, ACMC-020-08, ACMC-020-10 and ACMC-020-11 were selected from the 14 accessions based on per se performance and variability analysis. The selected mutants needs to be forwarded for stability testing in different environments.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION ANALYSIS OF PLANT LANDSCAPES IN TANDAI IRRIGATION AREA, KERINCI DISTRICT, JAMBI

Neutron ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Acep Hidayat ◽  
Marcellino Rico Ariana
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
The Government ◽  
Large Water

The Plantation Network has a land area of ​​375 ha. Population which is directly proportional to the necessities of life, one of which is in the food sector, has made the government take the initiative to meet the needs and welfare of the community with productive agricultural land and fields. The data includes secondary data on 10-year rainfall from Depati Parbo and Kayu Aro Station and 10-year climatology from Kayu Aro Climatology Station. The calculation method used is the rainfall intensity Average method, Evapotranspiration modification Penman method, Debit danalan DR.FJ Mock method, cropping patterns, and irrigation water needs. Related to the calculation of 6 alternative cropping patterns with different types of plants and different initial planting plans by making comparisons with the existing discharge factor (Q80). Obtained that the cropping pattern is very possible, namely using the cropping pattern PADI-PADI-PALAWIJA. The most efficient and optimal planting pattern is that this cropping system consists of PADI-PADI-ON with large water demand in tertiary plots (NFR tertiary plots) producing 0 - 1,308 ltr / sec/ha with a maximum of 1,308 ltr / ha / February II, while the need for irrigation water in the intake (DR intake) ranges from 0 - 1,615 ltr sec/ha with a maximum of 1,615 ltr / sec/ha in February II. The available debit and debit in the Irrigation Network Planning Mark is very abundant with the mainstay discharge (Q80) for irrigation, the maximum available debit (Q80) can occur in November with 202,207 ltr / sec/ha and the minimum in August with 115,012 ltr / sec / Ha. Based on the results of the discharge and water above, it can be determined about the ratio of water/air equilibrium between discharge and water Q80 and the need for irrigation water requires a large/adequate surplus.

Meeting the Challenge of Unemployment?

2014 ◽  
Vol 652 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoli Nattrass
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Investor Sentiment ◽  
National Development ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Trade Union Movement ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labor Policies ◽  
National Priority ◽  
The Government

South Africa has one of the highest rates of unemployment in the world. Job creation is a national priority, yet labor-intensive options are derided by the trade union movement as an unacceptable throwback to the “cheap labor” policies of apartheid, and effectively ruled out by the government in its recent National Development Plan (NDP). Instead, minimum-wage setting in South Africa continues to contribute to job destruction (as evidenced most recently in the clothing industry). Policy-makers hope that support for high-productivity firms and rapid economic growth will make up for job losses and solve the unemployment problem. Unfortunately, South Africa’s economic performance has been comparatively disappointing and constrained by negative investor sentiment, especially with regard to the labor market. The NDP has called for a social accord between labor and capital. But the prospects are not promising, and unemployment is likely to remain a significant feature of the South African economic landscape.

Productivity and lending during the pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-141
Author(s):  
E. V. Bessonova ◽  
S. V. Popova ◽  
N. A. Turdyeva ◽  
A. N. Tsvetkova
Keyword(s):  
Government Support ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Government Lending ◽  
The Government ◽  
Number Of Firms

The access to credits for companies with high productivity is an important factor for the economic recovery after the shock. In this paper, we analyze changes in banks’ lending to Russian companies’ in 2020. Our analysis shows that in 2020 the volume of new ruble credits increased relative to the level of the previous year. At the same time, there were changes in loans’ structure, which are explained by the effect of government lending support programs that began in May—June 2020. This fact indicates that a large number of firms made use of these programs last year, partially or fully covering temporary liquidity needs in the period of significant decrease in demand and revenue. Outside of the government support programs, the structure of market lending did not change significantly in 2020 compared to 2019. Banks prefer to lend to more productive companies: we see that the volume of credits to high productive firms was at the same level as in 2019. This means that efficient firms that should be drivers of economic recovery did not have problems with access to credit in 2020.

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