scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK SOHUN PATI AREN – KENTANG HITAM DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK UMBI BIT, DAUN SUJI, DAN KUNYIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Ervika Rahayu Novita Herawati ◽  
Dini Ariani ◽  
NFN Miftakhussolikhah ◽  
Fela Laila ◽  
Yudi Pranoto
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Turmeric Extract ◽  
Brownish Black ◽  
Elongation Percentage ◽  
Coloring Agents ◽  
Black Color ◽  
Noodle Quality

<p>Sohun pati aren kentang hitam merupakan sumber karbohidrat alternatif yang dibuat dari 75% pati aren dan 25 % tepung umbi kentang hitam, dengan karakteristik warna hitam kecoklatan sehingga perlu penambahan zat warna alami untuk memperbaiki kenampakan produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik produk dengan penambahan pewarnaan alami, yaitu ekstrak umbi bit, kunyit, dan daun suji. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat 5 variasi penambahan ekstrak, yaitu 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1,0 dan 1,2 g daun suji atau umbi bit/mL air, sedangkan ekstrak kunyit ditambahkan sebanyak 0,06; 0,12; 0,18; 0,24; dan 0,30 g kunyit/mL air. Analisis sifat fisik meliputi kuat patah, <em>tensile strength</em>, elongasi dan warna sohun, sedangkan analisis sensoris yaitu uji kesukaan dengan atribut warna, aroma, rasa, dan kesukaan keseluruhan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak ekstrak umbi bit, daun suji, dan kunyit yang ditambahkan dalam sohun aren-kentang hitam akan menurunkan kuat patah, <em>tensile strength</em>, engolasi, dan kecerahan sohun. Sohun aren-kentang hitam dengan penambahan ekstrak daun suji dari 0,4 g daun suji / ml air memiliki sifat fisik dan sensoris yang paling baik.</p><p> </p><p>CHARACTERISTIC OF COLEUS ROTUNDIFOLIUS-ARENGA STARCH NOODLE WITH ADDITION EXTRACT FROM BEETROOT, SUJI LEAF, AND TURMERIC</p><p>Coleus rotundifolius arenga starch noodle is an alternative carbohydrate source made from 75% arenga starch and 25% C.rotundifolius tuber flour which has a brownish-black color, so the addition of natural coloring agents is needed to fix its physical appearance. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristic of C.rotundifolius arenga starch noodle with addition of natural color, including beetroot, suji leaf, and turmeric extract. The noodle made with five variations concentration 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0; and 1.2 g of suji leaf or beetroot/ml water, and 0.06; 0.12; 0.18; 0.24; and 0.30 g turmeric/ml water. Physical properties analyzed are compression strength, tensile strength, elongation percentage and color. Sensory properties analyzed are hedonic scoring of color, odor, taste, and overall. The results showed that the higher concentration of beetroot extract, suji leaf extract, and turmeric extract decreased the compression strength, tensile strength, elongation percentage and brightness properties of starch noodle. The best noodle quality is reached with the addition of suji leaf extract from 0.4 g suji leaf /mL water.</p>

scholarly journals Properties and Structure of Concretes Doped with Production Waste of Thermoplastic Elastomers from the Production of Car Floor Mats

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Ulewicz ◽  
Alina Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Production Waste ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Average Decrease

This article presents physical and mechanical properties of concrete composites that include waste thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) from the production process of car floor mats. Waste elastomer (2–8 mm fraction) was used as a substitute for fine aggregate in quantities of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10% of the cement weight. For all series of concrete, the following tests were carried out: compression strength, bending tensile strength, splitting tensile strength, absorbability, density, resistance to water penetration under pressure, frost resistance, and abrasion resistance, according to applicable standards. Moreover, SEM/EDS analysis was carried out on the surface microstructure of synthesized concrete composites. It was proven that the use of production waste from the production process of car floor mats in the quantity of 2.5% does not influence the change of the concrete microstructure and it does not result in the decrease of the mechanical parameters of concrete modified with waste. All concrete modified with the addition of waste meet standards requirements after carrying out 15 cycles of freezing and thawing, and the average decrease in compression strength did not exceed 20%. Adding waste in the quantity of 2.5% allows for limiting the use of aggregate by about 5%, which is beneficial for the natural environment.

scholarly journals Effects of Irradiation by UV- Acceleration on Mechanical Properties of Polymer Blends (Polyester: Starch)

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihama I. Salih ◽  
Qahtan A. Hamad ◽  
Safaa N. Abdul Jabbar ◽  
Najat H. Sabit
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Elongation Percentage

This work covers mixing of unsaturated polyester (un- polyester) with starch powders as polymer blends and study the effects of irradiation by UV-acceleration on mechanical properties of its. The unsaturated polyester was mixing by starch powders at particle size less than (45 µm) at selected weight fraction of (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3%). These properties involve ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation percentage, flexural modulus, flexural strength, fracture toughness, impact strength and hardness. The results illustrate decrease in the ultimate tensile strength at and elongation percentage, while increasing modulus of elasticity, with increasing the weight ratio of starch powder to 3 % weight fraction, whereas the maximum value of hardness and flexural, impact properties happened at 1 % weight fraction for types of polymer blends.

Functional Characteristics Improvement of Edible Film through the Addition of Gambier and Bay Leaf Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Santoso ◽  
Reni Dwiyanti ◽  
Agus Wijaya ◽  
Gatot Priyanto ◽  
Hermanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Water Vapour Transmission Rate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Japan Industrial Standard ◽  
Elongation Percentage

Background: Composing functional edible film focused on local materials has been explored in this study. However, producing an edible film with strong capability as an antioxidant and antimicrobe has not been successful. The incorporation of one or more functional compounds, such as gambier extract and bay leaf extract into canna starch, should offer the solution. Objective: These compounds should work in synergy in order to improve the functional characteristics of edible film. Furthermore, the film should have mechanical characteristics which fulfille Japan Industrial Standard (JIS) (1975), i.e., it should belong to a strong category. Methods: This research studied the effects of gambier extract and bay leaf extract addition on edible film characteristics. A completely randomized design was used, and two factors were investigated, namely gambier extract (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 percent, w/v) and bay leaf extract (0.0, 3.0, and 6.0 percent, w/v). Results: The parameters that were observed included mechanical (thickness, elongation percentage, water vapour transmission rate) as well as functional characteristics (antioxidant and antibacterial activity). The results showed that thickness, elongation percentage and water vapour transmission rate of the functional edible film were 0.18 - 0.27 mm, 7.33 - 9.00% and 30.43 - 46.07g.m-2.d-1, respectively, whereas antioxidant and antibacterial activity (value of inhibition diameter) were 23.24 - 40.58 mg.mL-1 and 1.33 - 1.83 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Edible film produced in this research had an antioxidant activity of strong category with a thickness that fulfilled JIS 1975 standard.

scholarly journals Triaxial Strength Criteria in Mohr Stress Space for Intact Rocks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Baohua Guo ◽  
Long Wang ◽  
Yizhe Li ◽  
Yan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Stress Space ◽  
Failure Envelope ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Strength Criteria ◽  
Triaxial Strength ◽  
Failure Envelopes ◽  
Exponential Equations

Conventional triaxial strength criteria are important for the judgment of rock failure. Linear, parabolic, power, logarithmic, hyperbolic, and exponential equations were, respectively, established to fit the conventional triaxial compression test data for 19 types of rock specimens in the Mohr stress space. Then, a method for fitting the failure envelope to all common tangent points of each two adjacent Mohr’s circles (abbreviated as CTPAC) was proposed in the Mohr stress space. The regression accuracy of the linear equation is not as good as those of the nonlinear equations on the whole, and the regression uniaxial compression strength (σc)r, tensile strength (σt)r, cohesion cr, and internal frictional angle φr predicted by the regression linear failure envelopes with the method for fitting the CTPAC in the Mohr stress space are close to those predicted in the principal stress space. Therefore, the method for fitting CTPAC is feasible to determine the failure envelopes in the Mohr stress space. The logarithmic, hyperbolic, and exponential equations are recommended to obtain the failure envelope in the Mohr stress space when the data of tensile strength (σt)t are or are not included in regression owing to their higher R2, less positive x-intercepts, and more accurate regression cohesion cr. Furthermore, based on the shape and development trend of the nonlinear strength envelope, it is considered that when the normal stress is infinite, the total bearing capacity of rock tends to be a constant after gradual increase with decreasing rates. Thus, the hyperbolic equation and the exponential equation are more suitable to fit triaxial compression strength in a higher maximum confining pressure range because they have limit values. The conclusions can provide references for the selection of the triaxial strength criterion in practical geotechnical engineering.

Anti-ultraviolet properties of β-cyclodextrin-grafted cotton fabrics dyed by broadleaf holly leaf extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 2441-2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinshu Liu ◽  
Xiaoyan Ma ◽  
Wenzhao Shi ◽  
Jianwei Xing ◽  
Chaoqun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Sodium Hypophosphite ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Ultraviolet Protection Factor ◽  
Ultraviolet Protection ◽  
Macerated Extract

The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-ultraviolet properties of β-cyclodextrin-grafted cotton fabrics dyed with broadleaf holly leaf extract. Flavonoids were extracted from broadleaf holly leaf by maceration and a stoichiometry of 1:1 inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin was formed. Characterized by the fluorescence spectrum and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the fluorescence intensities and ultraviolet absorption of the macerated extract were enhanced by increasing the amount of cyclodextrin. Cotton fabrics were grafted with β-cyclodextrin through a crosslinking reaction based on citric acid in the presence of sodium hypophosphite then dyed with the macerated extract of broadleaf holly leaf used as a natural ultraviolet absorbent. The anti-ultraviolet property of fabrics dyed by a macerated extract was characterized in terms of the ultraviolet protection factor. It was noted that the cotton fabrics grafted with β-cyclodextrin exhibit enhanced anti-ultraviolet and wrinkle recovery properties compared to the unmodified samples and show an excellent durability against 30 washing cycles, accompanied by a loss of tensile strength.

The Study on Mechanical Properties of POSS Hybrid PVA Hydrogels

2014 ◽  
Vol 1022 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Yi Chen ◽  
Jun Hong Yang ◽  
Wen Yong Liu ◽  
Guang Sheng Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposite ◽  
Nanocomposite Hydrogels

A novel POSS hybrid nanocomposite hydrogels were synthesized by introducing water-soluble Oa-POSS into the PVA hydrogels. The mechanical properties are obviously dependent on the composition of gels. With the increase of Oa-POSS, the tensile strength and modulus increases significantly while the elongation break decreases. The gels exhibit higher compression strength than pure PVA hydrogels. This phenomenon is attributed to the effective entanglement of polymer chains around nanoparticles and enhanced interaction between PVA chains.

scholarly journals ESTUDO DO TEOR DE SUBSTITUIÇÃO DE AGREGADO MIÚDO POR RESÍDUO DE BORRACHA EM ARGAMASSA DE CIMENTO E CAL [ Study of the replacement content of small aggregate by rubber residue in cement and lime mortar ]

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Navarini Kurz ◽  
Charlei Marcelo Paliga ◽  
Ariela da Silva Torres
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Small Aggregate ◽  
Substitution Ratio ◽  
And Performance

RESUMO: O setor da construção civil vem absorvendo resíduos e transformando-os em componentes para utilização nas construções, especialmente através da incorporação em materiais como argamassas e concretos. Com o crescente número de veículos automotivos, ocorreu um aumento na produção de pneus e, consequentemente, de seus resíduos. Portanto, o presente estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar o melhor teor de substituição de agregado miúdo por resíduo de borracha em argamassa de cimento e cal, a partir da comparação com uma argamassa de referência, analisando o comportamento físico e mecânico. Para verificar a melhor relação de substituição, os ensaios foram realizados em argamassa referência (traço 1:2:9) e em argamassas com resíduos nas proporções de 2,5%, 5%, 10% e 15% de substituição de areia por borracha. Para caracterização das argamassas foram realizados ensaios de índice de consistência, resistência à compressão axial, resistência à tração por compressão diametral, absorção por capilaridade e absorção por imersão. Os resultados indicam que nas argamassas com resíduo ocorreu um aumento na relação a/c para se manter a trabalhabilidade e um decréscimo nas resistências. Além de, uma diminuição na absorção por capilaridade e um aumento na absorção por imersão. Apesar de provocar mudanças no comportamento da argamassa, aponta-se o uso desse resíduo como alternativa viável, tanto ambiental quanto de desempenho.ABSTRACT: The construction industry has been absorbing and transforming them into components for use in construction, especially through the incorporation of materials such as mortars and concretes. With the increasing number of automotive vehicles, there has been an increase in the production of tires and, consequently, of their waste. Therefore, the present study has the objective of evaluating the best content of substitution of small aggregate by rubber residue in cement and lime mortar, from the comparison with a reference mortar, analyzing the physical and mechanical behavior. To verify the best substitution ratio, the tests were performed in reference mortar (trace 1:2:9) and mortar with residuals in the proportions of 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 15% of Sand for rubber. To characterize the mortars, tests of consistency index, axial compression strength, tensile strength by diametrical compression, capillary absorption and immersion absorption were performed. The results indicate that in the mortars with residue an increase in the w/c ratio was observed to maintain the workability and a decrease in the resistances. In addition to, a decrease in capillary absorption and an increase in absorption by immersion. Although it causes changes in mortar behavior, the use of this residue is indicated as a viable alternative, both environmental and performance.

scholarly journals Effect of Addition of Soursop Leaf Extract to Ganyong (Canna edulis Ker.) Starch Edible Film and its application in Red Grape Storage Time

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erni Widyastuti ◽  
Endaruji Sedyadi ◽  
Susy Yunita Prabawati
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Red Grapes ◽  
Red Grape ◽  
Film Making

<p>This study aimed to determine the effect of addition of Soursop leaf extract to  edible film and its effect on the storage time of red grapes. This research had three main steps, soursop leaf extraction, edible film making, and application on red grapes storage time. Soursop leaves extract variation used in this research are 0.5; 1; and 1.5% (w/w total) and the best result was used to coat the red grapes. The results showed that the optimum composition was obtained on the edible film with the addition of 0.5% (w/w total) soursop leaf extract. The composition increased film thickness from 0.03 to 0.08 mm, decreased film’s tensile strength from 11.89 to 8.42 MPa, decreased elongation from 12.71 to 11.03%, decreased the Young Modulus from 0.935 to 0.764 MPa, and decreased the vapor transmission rate from 7.45 to 6.55 g/m<sup>2</sup>.hour. The 50% shrinkage of weight and 50% texture damage are used as parameters to measure the Red grapes storage time. Based on weight shrinkage, red grapes storage time change from 24 days to 29 days by using an edible film coating without addition of extract, an extend to 32 days while using an edible film coating with addition of soursop leaf extract. Based on texture damage, red grapes storage time increased from 13 to 41 days if using an edible film coating without addition of extract, and increased to 40 days using an edible film coating with the addition of soursop leaf extract.</p>

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