Study of the antibacterial capacity of extracts of Solanum incanum L., (Solanaceae) traditionally used for the management of avian cholera in rural areas of Burkina Faso

Nowadays, thanks to the rise of microbial resistance, the lack of health care personnel and especially the high cost of synthetic molecules, phytotherapy could be a panacea in many developing countries. For this reason, the present work which aims to evaluate the phenolic compounds and to study the antibacterial capacity of extracts of roots, stems, leaves and fruits of Solanum incanum L., (Solanaceae) traditionally used for the treatment of pasteurellosis or avian cholera in Burkina Faso, was undertaken. For this purpose, we collected plant material in the commune of Dedougou. After extraction with acetone and water, colorimetric tests were carried out on the different extracts and revealed mostly the presence of tannins and coumarins. The Hydroacetone macerated extract was found to be very interesting for biological activities compared to the macerated extracts and the aqueous decoctions. Inhibition of bacterial growth on different bacterial strains was also shown for all the extracts, especially with Hydroacetone extract. These results could be mainly explained by the inhibitory effect of phenolic compounds. The Hydroacetone extract was also found to be especially very relevant for the prevention and treatment of microbial diseases from poultry.

Phytochemical screening, mineral analysis and evaluation of the diuretic effect of aqueous extract of Pericopsis laxiflora from male Sprague Dawley rats

Pericopsis laxiflora is among the medicinal plants used by the traditional practitioner in the treatment of many diseases. However, data on its diuretic power are lacking. Moreover, the effect of the preparation of traditional galenic formulations on the composition of phytocompounds and essential minerals and metals is unknown. The aim of this study was to show the effect of treatment on the phytocompounds and minerals composition and to evaluate diuretic effect of Pericopsis laxiflora aqueous axtracts. The tube characterization reactions revealed flavonoids, sterols, terpenes, catechin tannins polyphenols and saponins in aqueous extracts. Gallic tannins and quinones are absent, All compounds were generally present in same proportions in two aqueous extracts. Chemical analysis of all aqueous extracts by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) showed effect of model extraction on minerals. Copper (0.3116 mg / 100g), magnesium (260.7 mg /100 g), selenium (0.00904 mg /100 g), zinc (4.52 mg /100 g), manganese (75.029 mg /100g) are more concentrated in maceration than a decoction. For decoction of same plant, the situation is reversed with sodium (58.6mg /100g), calcium (12670 mg/100g), iron (18.51mg/100g) and potassium (2781 mg /100g). For pharmacological investigation, 32 rats Sprague Dawley male weighing 385-433g are isolated each in metabolic cages from 6 pm to 8am and treated with 100mg/kg of Pericopsis laxiflora aqueous extracts. From 8am to 2pm the animals received only tap water in metabolic cages. The volumes of water intake and urine were not significantly different in the two groups (treated and untreated).The diuretic effect was not observed with 100mg/kg (b/w) . In addition polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins and minerals such as potassium, magnesium and selenium are indicators of the vasodilatory and cardioprotective functions of Pericopis laxiflora aqueous extracts. The prescription of these extracts in traditional medicine must take into account the toxicity of the plant associated with a calcium and manganese content. Keywords: Pericopsis laxiflora, dueresis, decocted extract, macerated extract, minerals, Rats Sprague Daweley

Preparation Technique of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) in Grins in Mali: Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Activity

The tea consumption has become an important part of the Malian’s habits. As a result, an image of tea preparation and consumption among Malians has become widely diffused; tea is offered in three successive glasses: the first drink (FD), the second drink (SD) and the third drink (TD). However, no study has been carried out on the antioxidant potential of this type of green tea preparation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the preparation methods of green tea (Camellia sinensis) as performed in grins. Thus, a phytochemical screening was carried out, the quantitative estimation of total polyphenols was performed by the method of Folin-Ciocalteu and that of flavonoids by using the aluminum trichloride. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the different tea extracts (macerated and decocted) was determined by the DPPH method. Thus, the presence of several metabolites was revealed in these tea extracts and the cumulative contents of phenolic compounds in the green tea extracts found in the glasses were 150.67 ±7.87 mg EAG/g, while 140.67 ±2.37 mg EAG/g were collected in the macerated extract (WM). Both types of extracts showed similar levels of flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of FD in all tea samples was statistically identical to that of the extracts (WM) from tea samples A and D (p-values > 0.05). It appears from this preliminary study that neither the total phenolic compound contents nor the antioxidant activity would be impacted by the way Malian green tea is prepared.

Mineral Composition, in vitro Inhibitory Effects of α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, β-Galactosidase Enzymes and Antibacterial Activity of Ajuga Iva Subsp. Pseudoiva (DC.) Bric.

In this study, we investigated the mineral composition, in vitro antidiabetic activity, and antibacterial potential of the aerial part of Ajuga iva. The mineral content of the plant powder was quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Then, three aqueous extracts were prepared: decocted, infused, and macerated and five organic: methanolic, ethyl acetate, chloroformic, and petroleum ether obtained by Soxhlet, and methanolic macerated extract. The in vitro hypoglycemic effect of the extracts was evaluated on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and β-galactosidase, then the antibacterial activity was studied by the disk diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) against six pathogenic bacteria, and finally, the correlation between the chemical composition and the inhibitory activities of different extracts on three enzymes was evaluated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results obtained revealed that iron (112.00 mg/l) is the main mineral element, followed by potassium (44.071 mg/l) and sodium (16.572 mg/l). The results of in vitro antidiabetic activity showed that ethyl acetate extract presented the highest inhibitory activities against α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC50 equal to 1475.67±94.21µg/ml and 140.50±32.25µg/ml respectively, while methanolic macerated extract showed high inhibitory activity against β-galactosidase. The results of the PCA analysis showed that the in vitro antidiabetic activity shows a linear relationship with the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins in Ajuga iva extracts. The study of the antibacterial effect showed that the five organic extracts have an inhibitory effect towards the microorganisms tested with zones of inhibition vary between 7 and 14 mm, except for Staphylococcus aureus that presented resistance to the five extracts. Furthermore, the MICs obtained range from 1.56 to 50 mg/ml, and the MBCs vary from 50 to 200 mg/ml. These results indicate that polar organic extracts of Ajuga iva have significant antidiabetic and antibacterial activities.

The role of aromatic plants in phytocosmetics

Along with the industrial production, the popularity of the use of plants in cosmetics has increased in the last decades, because the active compounds extracted from plants and used for the preparation of natural skin care products are not lost or modified during chemical treatments or exposure to high temperatures. The plants used in natural cosmetics are dried naturally and are used as infusion, decoction, tincture, oil or macerated extract, essential oil. In modern cosmetics, natural plant extracts are used a lot and their presence in the ingredient list is a real advantage, since consumers rely on their beneficial effects. In the collection of aromatic plants of the NBGI, several promising species for the cosmetic industry have been introduced and researched, for example: Elsholtzia stauntonii Benth., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Artemisia dracunculus L.

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Some Plants Used in the Management of Erectile Dysfunction by the BWA Community in Mali

The erection has always symbolized strength and virile health. Erectile dysfunction is undoubtedly a concern as old as humanity. Tamarindus indica L., Guiera senegalensis J.F.Gmel and Ximenia americana L. are commonly used in the traditional treatment of erectile dysfunction by the Bwa community in Mali. The aim of this study was to measure the total polyphenols and flavonoids and then to evaluate the antiradical activity of the extracts (aqueous and hydroalcoholic macerated and decocted) of the organs of these species. The study found that for all species, the hydro-alcoholic macerated extract showed the best results. The polyphenol contents have been 36.85±0.21 mgGAE/g; 32.60±0.25 mgGAE/g and 29.79±0.51 mgGAE/g for Ximenia americana, Tamarindus indica and Guiera senegalensis respectively. The flavonoid contents have been 22.03±0.15 mgQE/g; 17.53±0.02 mgQE/g and 8.03±0.03 mgQE/g for Ximenia americana, Tamarindus indica and Guiera senegalensis respectively. The antiradical activity expressed in IC50 is 37.54±0.75 µg/mL; 52.75±0.71 µg/mL and 54.66±1.14 µg/mL for Ximenia americana, Tamarindus indica and Guiera senegalensis respectively. This study revealed that those plants are rich in total polyphenols and show a good antiradical activity. This wealth would justify their traditional use. The biological tests would be necessary to confirm their use in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Keywords: Erectile dysfunction, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, Bwatun-Mali.

Anti-ultraviolet properties of β-cyclodextrin-grafted cotton fabrics dyed by broadleaf holly leaf extract

The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-ultraviolet properties of β-cyclodextrin-grafted cotton fabrics dyed with broadleaf holly leaf extract. Flavonoids were extracted from broadleaf holly leaf by maceration and a stoichiometry of 1:1 inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin was formed. Characterized by the fluorescence spectrum and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the fluorescence intensities and ultraviolet absorption of the macerated extract were enhanced by increasing the amount of cyclodextrin. Cotton fabrics were grafted with β-cyclodextrin through a crosslinking reaction based on citric acid in the presence of sodium hypophosphite then dyed with the macerated extract of broadleaf holly leaf used as a natural ultraviolet absorbent. The anti-ultraviolet property of fabrics dyed by a macerated extract was characterized in terms of the ultraviolet protection factor. It was noted that the cotton fabrics grafted with β-cyclodextrin exhibit enhanced anti-ultraviolet and wrinkle recovery properties compared to the unmodified samples and show an excellent durability against 30 washing cycles, accompanied by a loss of tensile strength.

The Isolation and Characterization of Phenolic Compound of Euphorbia Plant/Patikan Cina (Euphorbia thymifolia Linn)

Euphorbia plant, Euphorbia thymifolia Linn, is one the Euphorbiaceae families that still need to be developed due to its benefits. An effort to be able to use this plant maximumly is by studying the active component in the plant. This study aims to isolate and characterize phenolic compound in euphorbia plant extract using ethyl acetate. 500 gram of euphorbia plant (Patikan Cina) powder was macerated using methanol. Then, the macerated extract was evaporated to eliminate excess solvent and as a result, a solvent-free extract was obtained. Next, the result was partitioned with a solution of methanol : ethyl acetate (1:1) in order to get methanol and ethyl acetate extracts. The ethyl acetate extract of the partition was evaporated to get concentrated ethyl acetate extract. Next, it was isolated in a vacuum liquid and gravitational column chromatography to get pure isolate. Silica gel 60 (0.040 – 0.063 mm) and n-hexane motion phase were used in the separation of concentrated ethyl acetate in vacuum liquid chromatography. There were 16 fractions produced from the yield. Then the fractions were put in TLC. With silica gel 60 (0.2 – 0.5 mm) mesh and n-hexane mobile phase, ethyl acetate gave 5 fractions in gravitational column chromatography and fraction 3 produced a single spot. UV and IR spectroscopy were used to determine the constituents in the isolate. From UV spectrum, max is 268.97 nm. While IR data shows the presence O-H group in 3521.38 cm-1, C – H (alkane) presents at wave number 2926.45 cm-1 reinforced by the appearance of 5 other alkanes absorption at 2857.00 cm-1, 1447.31 cm-1, 1370.18 cm-1, 868.774 cm-1 and 757.887 cm-1 wavelengths. There is also C = O (carbonyl) groups in wave number 1693.19 cm-1. The identification of structures based on UV and IR spectra data has shown that the isolate is a phenolic compound.

Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts and fractions of Vernonia polyanthes Less (assa-peixe) flowers

ABSTRACT Vernonia polyanthes, known as “assa-peixe”, is a plant native to Brazil, and the decoction or infusion of its flowers, roots and leaves are used in folk medicine, being considered sources of diuretic, balsamic, anti-rheumatic substances, and are used in cases of bronchitis and persistent cough. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extract/fractions obtained by methanol maceration and infusion of V. polyanthes flower, also including qualitative identification of flower compounds, through phytochemical evaluation, using colorimetric tests. Identification tests for the presence of anthraquinones, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids were performed. Microbiological evaluation was made through agar diffusion assay, using Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonasaeruginosa as test organisms. From the performed colorimetric tests it was possible to verify the presence of tannins and flavonoids in both extracts. Alkaloids were also observed in the macerated extract. The ethyl acetate fraction from the agar diffusion assay, from both extracts, presented microbial activity over Staphylococcus aureus. It was possible to qualitatively identify the floral compounds, and to show the differences between extraction methods, being methanol considered the best solvent to the extraction.