scholarly journals PENGELOLAAN BIOMASSA TANAMAN DALAM BIOINDUSTRI PERKEBUNAN MENDUKUNG PENGEMBANGAN BIOENERGI Plant Biomass Management in Plantations Bioindustry Supporting Bioenergy Development

Perspektif ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Suci Wulandari ◽  
Sumanto Sumanto ◽  
Saefudin Saefudin
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
System Development ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Plantation Crops

<p>Biomassa tanaman perkebunan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pangan, pakan, dan bioenergi. Hasil penelitian dan perkembangan teknologi telah mendorong pemanfaatan biomassa bagian-bagian tanaman tersebut. Tanaman perkebunan memiliki potensi besar untuk menghasilkan biomassa yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pengembangan energi terbarukan. Pemetaan potensi biomassa telah banyak dilakukan pada tanaman perkebunan, seperti pada: tebu, kakao, kelapa sawit, kemiri sunan, jarak pagar, kopi, kelapa dalam, karet dan teh. Pengembangan sistem produksi pangan dan biomassa untuk pembangkit energi melalui sistem multi tanam berbasis komoditas perkebunan telah dikembangkan.  Di Kabupaten Aceh Timur telah dilakukan pengembangan sistem agroindustri juga memanfaatkan semua produk samping, mendorong daur ulang dan pemanfaatan residu. Pemanfaatan potensi bioenergi masih dihadapkan pada berbagai kendala distribusi, kontinuitas pasokan bahan dan aspek ekonomi. Menyikapi hal tersebut langkah strategis dapat dilakukan melalui: analisis neraca karbon, alokasi lahan, pemanfaatan lahan, pemanfaatan sumber daya secara berkelanjutan, dukungan teknologi, fokus pada nilai tambah yang tinggi dan perbaikan tata kelola. Selanjutnya perbaikan pada pengembangan sistem pangan energi terpadu dapat ditempuh melalui: (1) sosialisasi dari inovasi teknologi, (2) membentuk kawasan-kawasan pertanian terpadu di daerah sentra pengembangan dan (3) memperkuat kelembagaan petani untuk mengembangkan agroindustri.</p><p> </p><p><strong> </strong><strong> </strong>ABSTRACT</p><p align="center">Biomass from estate crops can be used for food, feed, and bioenergy. The results of research and technological developments have encouraged the utilization of biomass of these plant parts. Plantation crops have great potential to produce biomass that can be utilized in the development of renewable energy. Mapping of biomass potential has been carried out in plantation crops, such as: sugar cane, cocoa, oil palm, candlenut, jatropha, coffee, deep coconut, rubber, and tea. The development of food and biomass production systems for energy generation through a commodity-based multi-cropping system has been developed. In East Aceh District an agro-industrial system development has also been carried out utilizing all byproducts, encouraging recycling and utilizing residues. The utilization of bioenergy is still faced with various distribution constraints, continuity of material supply and economic aspects. In response to this, strategic steps can be taken through carbon balance analysis, land allocation, land use, sustainable use of resources, technology support, focus on high added value and improved governance. Furthermore, improvements to the development of integrated energy food systems can be pursued through (1) socialization of technological innovations, (2) establishing integrated agricultural areas in plant centers and (3) strengthening farmer institutions to develop agro-industries.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Eco-efficient approaches to land management: a case for increased integration of crop and animal production systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1491) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Eco-efficiency is concerned with the efficient and sustainable use of resources in farm production and land management. It can be increased either by altering the management of individual crop and livestock enterprises or by altering the land-use system. This paper concentrates on the effects of crop sequence and rotation on soil fertility and nutrient use efficiency. The potential importance of mixed farming involving both crops and livestock is stressed, particularly when the systems incorporate biological nitrogen fixation and manure recycling. There is, however, little evidence that the trend in developed countries to farm-level specialization is being reduced. In some circumstances legislation to restrict diffuse pollution may provide incentives for more diverse eco-efficient farming and in other circumstances price premia for produce from eco-efficient systems, such as organic farming, and subsidies for the provision of environmental services may provide economic incentives for the adoption of such systems. However, change is likely to be most rapid where the present systems lead to obvious reductions in the productive potential of the land, such as in areas experiencing salinization. In other situations, there is promise that eco-efficiency could be increased on an area-wide basis by the establishment of linkages between farms of contrasting type, particularly between specialist crop and livestock farms, with contracts for the transfer of manures and, to a lesser extent, feeds.

scholarly journals Circular economy is Ukraine: adaptation of European experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
Maryana Ruda ◽  
◽  
Tetiana Yaremchuk ◽  
Maryana Bortnikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Use Of Resources

The article examines the development of the circular economy in Ukraine, as well as the prospects of implementation of the experience of leading EU countries in the field of circular economy in Ukraine. The relevance of the study is that for now in Ukraine very few steps have been taken towards a circular economy, although everyone understands its importance. First of all, the meaning of the circular economy is revealed and the main advantages of its implementation in Ukraine are determined. The advantages of the transition to a circular economy are as follows: significant material savings, sustainable use of resources, stimulating innovations, the ability to meet the needs of the ever-growing population of the Earth, economic growth, and income. The circular or closed-loop economy involves the recovery, reuse, and rational use of resources and, through services and smart solutions, leads to added value. The state of resource management in Ukraine and the EU, in particular waste management, is analyzed. It is established that in the field of waste management Ukraine lags far behind developed European countries. Today, huge amounts of waste have accumulated in Ukraine, and currently, there is no developed infrastructure to decide this problem, and landfills themselves have become sources of great environmental danger. The new EU policy and the policy of Ukraine in the field of circular economy are analyzed. Taking into account the best European practices, recommendations are given to Ukraine on the transition from a traditional, linear economy to a circular economy. The main ones are as follows: it is necessary to change the structure of public procurement and focus on environmentally friendly types of production; it is necessary to accelerate the transition of Ukraine from the traditional model of public procurement to the concept of “green” procurement; it is necessary to develop an effective legislative and regulatory framework for the functioning of the circular economy; it is necessary to move to more efficient business models (such as ecodesign, repair, reuse, recovery and exchange of products and maximum prevention of waste generation) and stimulate the development of environmentally friendly technologies; it is expedient to develop programs of financing of projects in the field of circular economy; it is necessary to promote better awareness of consumers about the concept of “circular” economy, environmental “footprint” of goods and services, as well as sustainable consumption; it is necessary to change the method of production and consumption of goods from short-term to long-term, as well as to encourage the economy, businesses and consumers to maximize waste recycling. It is also established that in general, Ukraine’s policy in the field of circular economy should be formed and implemented at all three levels: national, regional, and global. However, each of us can begin to change in the direction of a circular economy (for example, through conscious consumption and resource conservation). It is also important to realize the importance of sorting garbage because its removal to landfills and finding new ones is not the best solution. Garbage needs to be recycled, and this can only be done if it is sorted.

scholarly journals Third-party management in software development: proposal of a methodology

Enfoque UTE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Yeison Núñez-Sánchez ◽  
Antonio González-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Software Quality ◽  
System Development ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Software Quality Assurance ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Status

Outsourcing allows organizations to reduce costs, optimize the use of resources, provide added value in services and goods, and concentrate on achieving the strategic objectives of the business. However, many software projects have failed due to the lack of knowledge of the factors involved in its planning. Some of these elements are poor communication with the supplier, weak monitoring of the status of tasks, lack of active participation of users and stakeholders at all stages of the process, and software quality assurance. Consequently, this research aims to aid the management of the outsourcing process and proposes a methodology for its management during system development. The methodology comprises 7 phases, each one with its inputs, tasks, and outputs, which are used by the following stages. In summary, it synthesizes the best practices for the management of third parties.

Density and morphological characterization of bacteria in integrated and exclusive production systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
A. R. B. Zanco ◽  
A. Ferreira ◽  
G. C. M. Berber ◽  
E. N. Gonzaga ◽  
D. C. C. Sabino
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Exclusive Production ◽  
Colony Forming Units

The different integrated production systems can directly interfere with its bacterial community. The present study aimed to assess density, bacterial diversity and the influence of dry and rainy season in different integrated and an exclusive production system. The fallow and a native forest area was assessed to. Samples were collected in 2012 March and September. The isolation were carried out into Petri dishes containing DYGS medium. The number of colony forming units (CFU) was counted after 48 hours and. The bacterial density ranged between 106 and 107 CFU g-1 soil. The crop system affected the dynamics of the bacterial community only in the rainy season. The rainy season showed greater density of total bacteria when compared to the dry period regardless of the cropping system. The dendrograms with 80 % similarity showed thirteen and fourteen groups in the rainy and dry seasons. Isolates with the capacity to solubilize phosphate in vitro were obtained from all areas in the two seasons, but this feature has been prevalent in bacteria isolated during the rainy season

Nitrate Leaching to a Shallow Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer as Influenced by Conventional No-Till and Low-Input Sustainable Grain Production Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Craig ◽  
R. R. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Low Input ◽  
No Till

In December, 1987, the states in the Chesapeake Bay region, along with the federal government, signed an agreement which called for a 40% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to the Bay by the year 2000. To accomplish this goal, major reductions in nutrient loadings associated with agricultural management practices were deemed necessary. The objective of this study was to determine if reducing fertilizer inputs to the NT system would result in a reduction in nitrogen contamination of groundwater. In this study, groundwater, soil, and percolate samples were collected from two cropping systems. The first system was a conventional no-till (NT) grain production system with a two-year rotation of corn/winter wheat/double crop soybean. The second system, denoted low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA), produced the same crops using a winter legume and relay-cropped soybeans into standing wheat to reduce nitrogen and herbicide inputs. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in groundwater were significantly lower under the LISA system. Over 80% of the NT groundwater samples had NO3-N concentrations greater than 10 mgl-1, compared to only 4% for the LISA cropping system. Significantly lower soil mineral N to a depth of 180 cm was also observed. The NT soil had nearly twice as much mineral N present in the 90-180 cm portion than the LISA cropping system.

scholarly journals Less than half of the European dietary recommendations for fish consumption are satisfied by national seafood supplies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneli Lofstedt ◽  
Baukje de Roos ◽  
Paul G. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
National Level ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Purpose To review the seafood dietary recommendations of European countries and compare them to national seafood supplies. Methods Current seafood dietary recommendations were collated from national health authorities across Europe. Food balance sheets were downloaded from the FAO, and appropriate conversion factors were applied to each seafood commodity. Average net per capita seafood supplies from 2007 to 2017 were derived from data on imports and production for food from both capture fisheries and aquaculture, accounting for exports. Results Both national dietary recommendations and seafood supplies varied considerably throughout Europe. At a national level, on a per capita basis, only 13 out of the 31 of European dietary recommendations for fish consumption were satisfied by national seafood supplies. Most of the countries with coastal access, as well as those with traditional fish-eating cultures, such as France and countries in Northern Europe, had adequate seafood supplies to meet their recommendations. The landlocked countries of Central and Eastern Europe did not have enough seafood supplies to satisfy their recommendations. Conclusions Our findings emphasise the need to not only consider consumer health outcomes when developing and advocating dietary recommendations, but also the sustainability of food production systems. As many foods are not necessarily locally sourced but traded as part of global production and distribution systems, it is important to consider greater consistency between national dietary recommendations to facilitate more sustainable marine food systems.

Has compost with biochar applied during the process added value over biochar or compost for increasing soil quality in an arable cropping system?

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 103706
Author(s):  
T. D'Hose ◽  
J. Debode ◽  
C. De Tender ◽  
G. Ruysschaert ◽  
B. Vandecasteele
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Added Value

scholarly journals iHSD Mill Efficacy on the Seeds of Australian Cropping System Weeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Walsh ◽  
John C. Broster ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
Mill Speed ◽  
Wheat Chaff

AbstractIn Australia, widespread evolution of multi-resistant weed populations has driven the development and adoption of harvest weed seed control (HWSC). However, due to incompatibility of commonly used HWSC systems with highly productive conservation cropping systems, better HWSC systems are in demand. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the integrated Harrington Seed Destructor (iHSD) mill on the seeds of Australia’s major crop weeds during wheat chaff processing. Also examined were the impacts of chaff type and moisture content on weed seed destruction efficacy. Initially, the iHSD mill speed of 3,000 rpm was identified as the most effective at destroying rigid ryegrass seeds present in wheat chaff. Subsequent testing determined that the iHSD mill was highly effective (>95% seed kill) on all Australian crop weeds examined. Rigid ryegrass seed kill was found to be highest for lupin chaff and lowest in barley, with wheat and canola chaff intermediate. Similarly, wheat chaff moisture reduced rigid ryegrass seed kill when moisture level exceeded 12%. The broad potential of the iHSD mill was evident, in that the reductions in efficacy due to wide-ranging differences in chaff type and moisture content were relatively small (≤10%). The results from these studies confirm the high efficacy and widespread suitability of the iHSD for use in Australian crop production systems. Additionally, as this system allows the conservation of all harvest residues, it is the best HWSC technique for conservation cropping systems.

An Old Pest, a New Solution

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Cork ◽  
Malcolm J. Iles ◽  
Nazira Q. Kamal ◽  
J.C. Saha Choudhury ◽  
M. Mahbub Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Field School ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

Bangladesh is essentially self-sufficient in rice as a result of the successful adoption of new high-yielding varieties and irrigated summer production over traditional deep-water cultivation practices. The sustainability of the cropping system depends on farmers adopting integrated pest management (IPM) practices in preference to relying solely on insecticides for pest and disease control. Yet insecticide consumption in rice is increasing, in common with other crop-production systems in Bangladesh. It is probably only the poor economic returns from rice cultivation that prevent more widespread use of pesticides. Enlightened agrochemical companies such as Syngenta Bangladesh Limited have recognized that insecticide use in rice should be discouraged, and promote IPM options through their farmer field school (FFS) programme. This paper describes the results of a collaborative project to assist Syngenta to develop and incorporate mass trapping with sex pheromones into their FFS programme as an environmentally benign method of controlling the predominant insect pests of rice, stem borers.

Russian Thistle (Salsola iberica) and Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Control in Dryland Corn (Zea mays)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Salsola Iberica

Field studies were conducted in 1987, 1988, and 1989 at Lethbridge, Alberta to determine suitable herbicides for the control of Russian thistle and kochia in field corn grown in a dryland cropping system. Soil-applied atrazine or cyanazine provided inconsistent control of these weeds under dryland conditions. Combining inter-row tillage or 2,4-D applied postemergence with soil-applied atrazine improved the consistency of weed control over years. Postemergence atrazine and dicamba plus 2,4-D controlled Russian thistle and kochia in all years. Corn yields reflected the level of weed control attained with each treatment. The suitability of the various treatments for weed control in corn grown under dryland crop production systems is discussed.

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