Body Physique and Composition in Premenarchal Ballerinas and Female Athletes in Aesthetic Sports

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
Marjeta Misigoj-Durakovic ◽  
Vlatko Vucetic ◽  
Zijad Durakovic ◽  
Jasenka Wolf-Cvitak ◽  
Branka Matkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Figure Skating ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Figure Skaters ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts

Ballet, rhythmic gymnastics, and figure skating are disciplines that are begun early in childhood and pose high demands on the performers’ functional and energy capacities, which may influence the development of the body's physique and composition. This study investigated whether differences in the body's physique and composition were preexistent in young, premenarchal ballerinas and female athletes in aesthetic sport disciplines before training was started. Twenty-four anthropometric measurements were made of body physique and composition, and body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage were calculated. The groups of premenarchal dancers and athletes did not differ significantly in body height, body mass, or BMI. They also showed similarities in skeletal measurements, with the exception of ankle diameter. In measurements sensitive to specific training loads, significant differences were found, most notably in figure skaters, who had markedly greater arm circumferences than did ballerinas and rhythmic gymnasts. Ballerinas and rhythmic gymnasts did not have significant differences in soft tissues measurements, with the exception of the calf skinfold thickness, which was significantly greater in ballerinas. Skinfold thickness and body fat percentage were higher in skaters than in rhythmic gymnasts and ballerinas. Young ballerinas and rhythmic gymnasts were more slender with lower skinfold values and limb circumferences than skaters.

scholarly journals Somatotype of Top-Level Serbian Rhythmic Gymnasts

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijana Purenović-Ivanović ◽  
Ružena Popović
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Figure Skating ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
International Biological Programme ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Biological Programme ◽  
Psychological Capacities ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts

Abstract Body size and build influence performance in many sports, especially in those belonging to the group of female aesthetic sports (rhythmic gymnastics, artistic gymnastics, and figure skating). These sports pose high specific demands upon the functional, energy, motor and psychological capacities of athletes, but also upon the size, body build and composition of the performers, particularly of the top-level female athletes. The study of the top athletes (rhythmic gymnasts, in this case) may provide valuable information on the morphological requirements for achieving success in this sport. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to analyze the somatotype of 40 Serbian top-level rhythmic gymnasts, aged 13.04±2.79, and to form the five age group categories. The anthropometric variables included body height, body mass, the selected diameters, girths and skinfolds, and the Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype. All of the anthropometric data were collected according to International Biological Programme, and then processed in the Somatotype 1.2. The applied analysis of variance indicated an increase in endomorphic component with age. The obtained results show that the balanced ectomorph is a dominant somatotype, being similar for all of the athletes that took part in the research (3.54-3.24-4.5). These results are in line with the ones obtained in previous studies.

scholarly journals Body mass index as a measure of body fatness: age- and sex-specific prediction formulas

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Deurenberg ◽  
Jan A. Weststrate ◽  
Jaap C. Seidell
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age And Sex

In 1229 subjects, 521 males and 708 females, with a wide range in body mass index (BMI; 13.9–40.9 kg/m2), and an age range of 7–83 years, body composition was determined by densitometry and anthropometry. The relationship between densitometrically-determined body fat percentage (BF%) and BMI, taking age and sex (males =1, females = 0) into account, was analysed. For children aged 15 years and younger, the relationship differed from that in adults, due to the height-related increase in BMI in children. In children the BF% could be predicted by the formula BF% = 1.51xBMI–0.70xage–3.6xsex+1.4 (R2 0.38, SE of estimate (see) 4.4% BF%). In adults the prediction formula was: BF% = 1.20xBMI+0.23xage−10.8xsex–5.4 (R2 0.79, see = 4.1% BF%). Internal and external cross-validation of the prediction formulas showed that they gave valid estimates of body fat in males and females at all ages. In obese subjects however, the prediction formulas slightly overestimated the BF%. The prediction error is comparable to the prediction error obtained with other methods of estimating BF%, such as skinfold thickness measurements or bioelectrical impedance.

scholarly journals Determining strength training needs using the force-velocity profile of elite female handball and volleyball players

2020 ◽  
pp. 174795412096404
Author(s):  
Leonidas Petridis ◽  
Gergely Pálinkás ◽  
Zsófia Tróznai ◽  
Bettina Béres ◽  
Katinka Utczás
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Force Velocity

The aim of this study was to assess the vertical jump performance and the force-velocity profile of elite female handball and volleyball players. Forty-one female athletes were measured, 28 handball players (age: 24.0 ± 3.6 years, body height: 1.75 ± 0.05 m, body mass: 69.0 ± 7.3 kg) and 13 volleyball players (age: 24.1 ± 5.2 years, body height: 1.83 ± 0.07 m and body mass: 74.9 ± 7.9 kg). All players performed unloaded and loaded countermovement jumps (CMJ) on a force platform. The theoretical maximal force ( F0), the theoretical maximum velocity ( v0), the theoretical maximal power ( Pmax), the slope of the F-v relationship ( Sfv) and the force-velocity imbalance ( FVimb) were calculated. Mean value of vertical jump height was 0.33 ± 0.03m, with no difference between handball and volleyball players. Mean values of F0, v0, Pmax, Sfv and FVimb for all players were 31.2 ± 2.6 N/kg, 3.10 ± 0.50 m·s−1, 24.2 ± 3.2 w/kg, -10.32 ± 2.09 Ns/m/kg and 28.1 ± 13.3% respectively. Two players had a low magnitude velocity-deficit, whereas most of the players exhibited a low to high force-deficit. A strong correlation was found between the ratio of measured to optimal F-v slope with the change in the proportion of net force to total force during unloaded and loaded conditions. The findings suggest that it would be beneficial for these athletes to first decrease their force deficit through mainly maximal strength training before implementing training to further maximize power output. Establishment of the F-v profile could be a useful diagnostic tool for coaches to optimize strength training and to design training intervention based on the individual need of each athlete.

Women, men, and five Olympic rings: An examination of Chinese Central Television’s broadcast of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-766
Author(s):  
Qingru Xu ◽  
Andrew Billings ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Rui Jin ◽  
Sitong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Figure Skating ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Clock Time ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Figure Skaters ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Biological Sex

This study conducts a content analysis on Chinese Central Television’s broadcasting of figure skating, short track speed skating, and freestyle skiing—the three most popular winter sports in the People’s Republic of China—at the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics from the perspective of biological sex. A full examination of 100% (over 37 h) of Chinese Central Television’s broadcast coverage was analyzed in terms of clock-time, name-mentions, and descriptors. In each sport examined, female athletes received less clock-time and fewer name-mentions compared to their male counterparts. However, in the analysis of 7765 descriptors, relatively few significant differences between depictions of male and female athletes were uncovered, potentially explained by the Communist legacy of erasing women’s feminine characteristics and the relatively equal number of male and female commentators in Chinese Central Television’s sports newsrooms. Also, compared to many Western countries, male figure skaters in the People’s Republic of China received more clock-time and name-mentions, possibly attributed to cultural differences in defining ideal masculinity across East Asia and the West.

scholarly journals Relationships between Body Build and Knee Joint Flexor and Extensor Torque of Polish First-Division Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Pietraszewska ◽  
Artur Struzik ◽  
Anna Burdukiewicz ◽  
Aleksandra Stachoń ◽  
Bogdan Pietraszewski
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Extensor Torque

The aim of the study is to identify the relationships between anthropometric variables and knee joint extensor peak torque, knee joint flexor peak torque, and conventional hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio in Polish first-division soccer players. The study examined 37 soccer players aged 19 to 30 years (body mass: 76.8 ± 7.2 kg, body height 1.82 ± 0.06 m). Muscle torques of the knee joint were measured under isometric conditions using a Biodex 4 Pro dynamometer. The anthropometric variables such as body part lengths, breadths, and girths and skinfold thickness were measured. The strongest relationships of knee joint extensors were observed with body mass and variables describing skeleton size and lower-limb muscles. Regarding knee flexor torque, a significant relationship was found only with body mass. However, no significant relationships were observed between the conventional hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio and the anthropometric variables studied. The regression analysis results identified body height, body mass, and thigh and calf girth as the features most associated with knee joint torque. However, anthropometric measurements do not provide full information about the torque proportions of antagonist muscle groups, which is very important for injury prevention. Therefore, measurements using special biomechanical equipment are also necessary for the comprehensive analyses and control of the effects of sports training.

Warm-Up With Dynamic Stretching: Positive Effects on Match-Measured Change of Direction Performance in Young Elite Volleyball Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-533
Author(s):  
Olfa Turki ◽  
Wissem Dhahbi ◽  
Johnny Padulo ◽  
Riadh Khalifa ◽  
Sana Ridène ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Volleyball Players

Purpose: To explore the immediate (15-s post-warm-up) and the delayed (after 20 and 40 min of simulated volleyball play) effects of 2 different warm-up protocols—a stretching-free volleyball warm-up (NS) and a warm-up incorporating dynamic stretching (DS)—on subsequent change of direction (COD) performance in young elite volleyball players. Methods: Sixteen male players (age 16.88 [0.34] y, body mass 75.81 [5.41] kg, body height 1.91 [0.05] m, body mass index 20.84 [1.79] kg·m−2, and body fat percentage 9.48 [1.83]%) from the U-17 national volleyball team performed NS and DS on 2 different nonconsecutive days. During each testing session (NS and DS), half T-test performance measurements were performed after 5 minutes of a general warm-up (ie, baseline), immediately post-warm-up (after 15 s), and after 20 and 40 minutes of simulated volleyball play. Results: For DS, a significant improvement in COD performance (2.08%, P < .001) was observed after 20 minutes of play compared with the baseline values. In addition, COD performance recorded after 40 minutes of play was better than after 15-second post-warm-up (5.85%, P = .001). Inferential statistics showed better COD performance in the DS condition after 20 minutes of play (2.32%, likely negative, d = 0.61). Conclusions: Compared with NS, DS tended to affect the pattern of improvement of COD performance during play by intensifying and accelerating it. Consequently, to enhance COD performance for up to 40 minutes into the game, it is recommended that DS be incorporated to the warm-up preceding the match.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Body Mass Index with Body Fat Percentage of Participants EXPO 2021 Universitas Teuku Umar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Suci Eka Putri ◽  
Adelina Irmayani Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
The Relationship

Body mass index (BMI) is to monitor nutritional status adults, especially those related to deficiency and overweight. Body fat percentage can describe the risk of degenerative diseases.This study was conducted to measure the relationship between BMI and body fat percentage. Methods An analytical study was conducted to 41 male and 51 female participant from Universitas Teuku Umar. The body weight was measured using scales, whereas the body height was measured using microtoise. The body fat percentage was measured using Karada Scan. The BMI was calculated by dividing the body weight in kilogram divided by body height in meter square. Data was collected from 16-18th February 2021 and analyzed by Pearson’s correlation test. The results showed BMI underweight, normal, and overweight were 10,9, 57,6, and 31,5. High body fat percentage in men were 75,6% and in women were 35,5%. There is a relationship between the nutritional status of the women group and the body fat percentage with p-value is obtained = 0.021. Furthermore, for men, there is no relationship between nutritional status in the men group and the body fat percentage. There is a relationship between nutritional status and body fat percentage in women. Among this population, BMI can still be used to determine body fat percentage

Anthropometric Characteristics and Delayed Growth in Young Artistic Gymnasts

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Theophanis Siatras ◽  
Malamati Skaperda ◽  
Dimitra Mameletzi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Young Male ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Female Gymnasts ◽  
Delayed Growth

This article addresses the problem of whether high-impact artistic gymnastics training could cause delayed growth in young male and female athletes, as is believed to be the case in professional dancers. The main anthropometric characteristics of young gymnasts were measured, and the differences between gymnasts, swimmers, and nonathletes were examined. Twenty competitive gymnasts, 20 competitive swimmers, and 20 nonathletes, aged 10 to 12 yrs old, volunteered to participate in this study. Testing took place in a training field and the equipment consisted of portable anthropometric instruments. Measurements concerned body mass, stature, segment lengths (arm, forearm, trunk, thigh, and calf), body breadths (biacromical, biiliac, wrist, and ankle), circumferences (arm and thigh), and skinfold thicknesses (arm, thigh, and calf). Triceps and calf skinfold thicknesses were used to estimate the body fat percentage (%BF). The lean body mass percentage (%LBM) and the LBM/BF ratio were also evaluated. Moreover, cross-sectional areas of the arm (CSAarm) and thigh (CSAthigh) were calculated, taking into consideration the limb's circumference and four circumferential skinfolds. The results showed that, generally, young male and female gymnasts had smaller body dimensions in some anthropometric characteristics compared to swimmers and nonathletes. This mainly focused on body weight, arm and calf lengths, biiliac/biacromial breadths ratio, skinfold thicknesses, and %BF. However, gymnasts had higher %LBM, LBM/BF ratio, and CSAarm. No significant differences were found in the rest of body dimensions and composition. Although young male and female gymnasts appeared to have some lower anthropometric characteristics compared to the other two groups, it has not clearly demonstrated a delay in their somatic growth and skeletal development.

scholarly journals Composição corporal e desempenho motor no handebol em cadeira de rodas

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Borges ◽  
Anselmo Athayde Costa e Silva ◽  
Fernando Rosch de Faria ◽  
Priscila Samora Godoy ◽  
Ellen Rodrigues Barbosa Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Composition Profile ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Male Athletes

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n2p204 The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between body composition and motor performance in Wheelchair Handball players (WH). Overall, 21 athletes composed the sample (13 males and 8 females). To analyze motor performance, the following tests were used: ball driving, block performance, 20 m velocity and zigzag agility for individuals on wheelchair. Body mass, height, body perimeter and skinfold thickness (tricipital, subescapular, bicipital and supra-iliac) were used to establish body composition profile. Data was presented through descriptive statistics and inference was performed by Spearmans’ and Kruskal-Wallis correlation coefficient (non-parametric). Therefore, strong and significant correlations between body composition and motor performance were detected within different functional class and also according to sex, whereas male athletes showed significant correlation between body fat percentage and agility (r=0.70, p≤0.01) and, in the case of female athletes, body fat percentage is strongly related with speed (r=0.81, p≤0.01) and agility (r=0.74, p≤0.05). As conclusion, it was verified that apparently, increased body fat in body composition profile negatively influences motor performance in wheelchair handball players.

scholarly journals Validity of the Portable Ultrasound BodyMetrix™ BX-2000 for Measuring Body Fat Percentage

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8786
Author(s):  
Seoungki Kang ◽  
Jeong-Hui Park ◽  
Myong-Won Seo ◽  
Hyun Chul Jung ◽  
Yong Ik Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Equivalence Testing ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Portable Ultrasound

BodyMetrix™ BX-2000 (IntelaMetrix, Livermore, CA, USA) has been introduced as one of the alternatives and portable methods to estimate body fat percentage. However, inconsistent results between protocols built-in the BodymetrixTM may be compelling the question of its validity. Thus, this study first investigated the possible errors between protocols and evaluated the validity of body fat percentage (BF%) compared to the gold standard method (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DEXA). One hundred and five collegiate males, aged 20.01 ± 2.11 years, body height, 174.81 ± 6.01 cm, body mass, 73.26 ± 13.60 kg, and body mass index, 23.91 ± 3.77 kg·m−2 participated in the present study. Participants’ body fat percentage was estimated by built-in nine different protocols in the BodyMetrix™ BX-2000 using A-MODE ultrasound. Pearson correlation (r), Mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs), Bland & Altman plots, and Equivalence testing were used to examine the validity of each protocol by comparing it to the criterion measure (i.e., DEXA). The results indicated good potential for almost all of the protocols in correlation (Min: r = 0.79, Max: r = 0.92)., MAPEs (Min: 20.0%, Max: 33.8%), and Bland-Altman (Min diff: 16.7, Max diff: 41.4). Particularly, the estimated BF% from protocol 7 (4-sites by Durnin & Wormersley) and protocol 9 (9-sites Parllo) were completed within the equivalence zone (±10% of the mean). The estimates measured by protocol 7 and protocol 9 identified as the most valid methods for estimating BF% using a BodyMetrix™ BX-2000, compared to the DEXA. Our findings provide valuable information when applying in young male individuals, but future studies with other populations such as female or adolescents may be required to suggest a valid protocol within the instrument.

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