Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Professional Symphony Orchestra Musicians in Greece: A Pilot Study Concerning Age, Gender, and Instrument-Specific Results

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimosthenis G Fotiadis ◽  
Eleni G Fotiadou ◽  
Dimitrios G Kokaridas ◽  
Argyrios C Mylonas
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorder ◽  
Symphony Orchestra ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

This study was designed to investigate the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders among musicians in a professional-level symphony orchestra in Greece. The sample consisted of 147 musicians (97 men, 50 women) of the Athens and Thessaloniki State Symphony Orchestra. The mean age of the musicians was 38.97 years (range 24 to 67, SD 9.68), while the years of experience in the orchestra ranged from 1 to 35 (mean 14.2, SD 8.47). The data were collected with the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire, which records the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders. Our results showed a very high percentage (81.6%) of the musicians had suffered at least once, during their professional career, some kind of musculoskeletal disorder that was associated with pain or discomfort and was directly related to their profession. More than two-thirds of the musicians had also suffered a problem in the hand and neck areas during the last 12 months. Musculoskeletal disorders appeared to be related to gender, age, kind of instrument played, and duration of rehearsing/performing, along with previous experience. In summary, there is a high frequency of injury among professional-level musicians in Greece reported in our study, highlighting the obvious need to develop prevention programs.

Calciphylaxis: The Beginning of the End?

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Fine ◽  
Bunny Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Early Improvement ◽  
Time Period ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Yearly Incidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

Background We previously reported a very high incidence of calciphylaxis, mainly in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Although we identified several risk factors for the condition, including PD, we were unable to identify why our particular unit had such a high frequency of the condition and a reliable treatment. Objectives To assess the apparent changing frequency of the condition and the response to therapy, and to attempt to determine putative factors that might explain our uniquely high incidence of calciphylaxis. Methods A prospective clinical record was kept on all patients that developed calciphylaxis in our center [both PD and hemodialysis (HD) units] between 1998 and 2006. Results Of the 59 patients that developed calciphylaxis, 54 were on PD, 4 were on HD, and 1 was in predialysis. In the PD population, the mean yearly incidence from 1998 to 2003 was 4.5/100 patient-years, falling to 1.3/100 patient-years in 2004 – 2006. The percent of patients not taking calcium salts fell during this time period. Conversion to HD led to marked early improvement. A marked discrepancy between the levels of ionized calcium (routinely used in our center) and corrected serum calcium was found, with most cases of hypercalcemia (corrected) being missed by using ionized values. Conclusions The incidence of calciphylaxis is falling dramatically. This may be related partially to reduction in usage of calcium salts. Conversion to HD is beneficial. Our uniquely high incidence of calciphylaxis may be related to our use of ionized calcium levels to monitor these patients.

Effects of Very High Free-Stream Turbulence on the Jet–Mainstream Interaction in a Film Cooling Flow

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kohli ◽  
D. G. Bogard
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Thermal Field ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Free Stream Turbulence ◽  
High Frequency Response ◽  
Cooling Flow ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

Dispersion of coolant jets in a film cooling flow field is the result of a highly complex interaction between the film cooling jets and the mainstream. Understanding this complex interaction, particularly near the injection location, is critical for improving the predictive capabilities of existing film cooling models, especially when very high free-stream turbulence levels exist. This study uses a high-Frequency-response temperature sensor to investigate the mean and fluctuating thermal field of a film cooling flow for two vastly different free-stream turbulence levels (0.5 and 20 percent). The high-frequency-response temperature sensor provides new information about the film cooling flow in terms of actual rms levels (Θ′), probability density functions (pdf’s), and frequency spectra of the thermal field. Results are presented for both free-stream conditions using round hosed inclined at 35 deg, at a momentum flux ration of I = 0.156 and density ratio of DR = 1.05. The mean thermal field results show severe degradation of the film cooling jet occurs with very high free-stream turbulence levels. Temperature rms results indicate levels as high as Θ′ = 0.25 exist at the jet-mainstream interface. More information is provided by the temperature pdf’s, which are able to identify differences in the jet-mainstream interaction for the two free stream conditions. With small free-stream turbulence, strong intermittent flow structures generated at the jet-mainstream interface disperse the jet by moving hot main stream fluid into the coolant core, and ejecting coolant fluid into the mainstream. When the free stream has large scales and very high turbulence levels, the jet-mainstream interface is obliterated by large-scale turbulent structures originating from the free stream, which completely penetrate the coolant jet, causing very rapid dispersion of the film cooling jet.

scholarly journals Effects of Very High Free-Stream Turbulence on the Jet-Mainstream Interaction in a Film Cooling Flow

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul Kohli ◽  
David G. Bogard
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Thermal Field ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Free Stream Turbulence ◽  
High Frequency Response ◽  
Cooling Flow ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

Dispersion of coolant jets in a film cooling flow field is the result of a highly complex interaction between the film cooling jets and the mainstream. Understanding this complex interaction, particularly near the injection location, is critical for improving the predictive capabilities of existing film cooling models, especially when very high free-stream turbulence levels exist. This study uses a high frequency response temperature sensor to investigate the mean and fluctuating thermal field of a film cooling flow for two vastly different free-stream turbulence levels (0.5% and 20%). The high frequency response temperature sensor provides new information about the film cooling flow in terms of actual rms levels (Θ′), probability density functions (pdf’s), and frequency spectra of the thermal field. Results are presented for both free-stream conditions using round holes inclined at 35°, at a momentum flux ratio of I = 0.156 and density ratio of DR = 1.05. The mean thermal field results show severe degradation of the film cooling jet occurs with very high free-stream turbulence levels. Temperature rms results indicate levels as high as Θ′ = 0.25 exist at the jet-mainstream interface. More information is provided by the temperature pdf’s which are able to identify differences in the jet-mainstream interaction for the two free-stream conditions. With small free-stream turbulence, strong intermittent flow structures generated at the jet-mainstream interface disperse the jet by moving hot mainstream fluid into the coolant core, and ejecting coolant fluid into the mainstream. When the free-stream has large scales and very high turbulence levels, the jet-mainstream interface is obliterated by large scale turbulent structures originating from the free-stream which completely penetrate the coolant jet causing very rapid dispersion of the film cooling jet.

scholarly journals Twinning rate in a sample from a Brazilian hospital with a high standard of reproductive care

2001 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 216-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Maria Duccini Dal Colletto ◽  
Conceição Aparecida de Mattos Segre ◽  
Bernardo Beiguelman
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High ◽  
Assisted Fertilization

CONTEXT: Epidemiological studies on twin births have been motivated mostly by the positive correlation between twinning rate and human fertility, prematurity, low birth weight, increased risk of infant death and long term risk for morbidity. OBJECTIVE: This paper intends to estimate the incidence of multiple births in a private hospital in Brazil with a high standard of reproductive care, and to evaluate the effects of maternal age, gestation order and assisted fertilization on twinning rate. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: First-class tertiary private hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: The multiple birth rate was investigated among 7,997 deliveries from 1995 to 1998, including 7,786 singletons, 193 twins, 17 triplets and one quadruplet. RESULTS: The rates per 1,000 dizygotic and monozygotic pairs and for triplets were estimated as 19.51, 4.50 and 2.13, respectively. The dizygotic and triplet rates were the highest observed in Brazil up to the present day. The twinning rate among primigravidae older than 30 years was very high (45.02 per 1,000) and was due to a disproportionately high frequency of dizygotic pairs. The triplet rate was also very high among the mothers of this age group (5.71 per 1,000). These facts are strong indicators that these women were the ones most frequently submitted to assisted reproductive techniques. The mean maternal age of the studied population was about six years higher than that estimated for mothers in the general population of southeastern Brazil. Primigravidae aged under 30 years as well as multigravidae showed similar twinning rates, which were almost 20 per 1,000. Among the deliveries of multigravidae older than 30 years, an unusually high frequency of monozygotic twins was observed (7.04 per 1,000), probably as a consequence of the residual effect of long-term use of oral contraceptives. CONCLUSIONS: The dizygotic twinning rate increased from 13.51 to 28.98 per 1,000 over the four years studied, with the twinning rate for primigravidae over 30 years old in 1998 being twice that observed in 1995. The mean maternal age was also high during this period, but the extremely high increase in twinning rate observed cannot be attributed solely to this variable. Assisted fertilization seems to be the most probable cause of this unusually high twinning rate.

Monoamine Oxidase and Other Mitochondrial Enzymes in Density Subpopulations of Human Platelets

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (01) ◽  
pp. 029-033 ◽  
Author(s):  
K G Chamberlain ◽  
D G Penington
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Density Fractions ◽  
Percoll Gradients ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

SummaryNormal human platelets have been separated according to density on continuous Percoll gradients and the platelet distribution divided into five fractions containing approximately equal numbers of platelets. The mean volumes and protein contents of the platelets in each fraction were found to correlate positively with density while the protein concentration did not differ significantly between the fractions. Four mitochondrial enzymes (monoamine oxidase, glutamate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase) were assayed and their activities per unit volume were found to increase in a very similar monotonie fashion with platelet density. When MAO and GDH were assayed on the same set of density fractions the correlation between the two activities was very high (r = 0.94–1.00, p <0.001) and a similar close correlation was found between MAO and ICDH. The results support the hypothesis that high density platelets either have a higher concentration of mitochondria or have larger mitochondria than low density platelets.

Der Sommer und Herbst 2003 aus phänologischer Sicht | Summer and autumn 2003 from a phenological point of view

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Defila
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
New Record ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Leaf Shedding ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of

The record-breaking heatwave of 2003 also had an impact on the vegetation in Switzerland. To examine its influences seven phenological late spring and summer phases were evaluated together with six phases in the autumn from a selection of stations. 30% of the 122 chosen phenological time series in late spring and summer phases set a new record (earliest arrival). The proportion of very early arrivals is very high and the mean deviation from the norm is between 10 and 20 days. The situation was less extreme in autumn, where 20% of the 103 time series chosen set a new record. The majority of the phenological arrivals were found in the class «normal» but the class«very early» is still well represented. The mean precocity lies between five and twenty days. As far as the leaf shedding of the beech is concerned, there was even a slight delay of around six days. The evaluation serves to show that the heatwave of 2003 strongly influenced the phenological events of summer and spring.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in highway sanitary workers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Happiness Anulika Aweto ◽  
Oluwatoyosi Babatunde Owoeye ◽  
Korede Sunday Adegbite
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Gradual Onset ◽  
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Prevalence

Background: Highway sanitary workers are exposed to various health hazards in the course of duty. This study investigated the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among highway sanitary workers in Lagos Waste Management Authority (LAWMA), Lagos, Nigeria.Method: Two hundred fifty highway sanitary workers (46 males and 204 females) of LAWMA selected from four Local Government Areas of Lagos State, Nigeria completed a 26-item questionnaire that collected information on WMSDs.Results: The 12-month prevalence of WMSDs among the workers was 24.8%. The most commonly affected body part was the lower back (22.0%). Thirty-seven (59.7%) of the respondents reported gradual onset of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) while 25 (40.3%) reported sudden onset. The mean years of working experience was 3.22 + 0.23 years with 111 (44.4%) of the respondents having worked for 4 years and 7 (2.8%) having worked for 1year. The three major job risk factors identified were: continuing to work when injured (87.2%), working in the same position for long periods (53.6%) and lifting heavy materials (52.4%). Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient analysis showed that there were significant relationships between prevalence of WMSDs and age (r = 0.42, p = 0.001*) and years on the job (r = 0.17, p = 0.01*).Conclusion: There was a low prevalence of WMSDs among highway sanitary workers of LAWMA. The most commonly affected body part was the lower back. Increasing age and years of working experience are significant factors that can contribute to the development of WMSDs among these workers.

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