scholarly journals Abstract P-13: Structural Studies of Insulin Receptor-Related Receptor Ectodomain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S16-S17
Author(s):  
Andrey Mozhaev ◽  
Evgeny Pichkur ◽  
Igor Deyev ◽  
Ekaterina Mileshina ◽  
Anton Orekhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Kurchatov Institute

Background: The insulin receptor-related receptor (IRR) was originally discovered due to its high homology to the other family members (insulin receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor). We determined that IRR can be activated by mildly alkaline extracellular media and has typical features of the ligand-receptor interaction, including its specificity and dose-dependence. Since pH-sensitive properties of IRR are determined by its ectodomain; therefore, we chose as an option to study the soluble extracellular domain IRR. Methods: The investigation carried out in Titan Krios 60-300 TEM/STEM (FEI, USA) CryoEM, equipped with direct electron detector Falcon II (FEI, USA) and Cs image corrector (CEOS, Germany), at an accelerating voltage of 300 kV. Data processing and 3D reconstruction were carried out using computing resources of the Federal Collective Usage Center Complex for Simulation and Data Processing for Mega-Science Facilities at NRC “Kurchatov Institute.” Results: The obtained 2D classifications of particles of the ectodomain IRR at a neutral pH form several 3D models. This indicates that the ectodomain has several possible conformations, which is consistent with our previously obtained data using SEC-SAXS and AFM. In the future, additional careful data processing is required, as well as studies of the IRR ectodomain in mildly alkaline pH. Conclusion: In this study, we presented the structural characteristics of the IRR ectodomain obtained by CryoEM. These results are an important step towards understanding the mechanism of functioning of the IRR.

An ultrastructural study on the shark liver

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
Masako Yamada ◽  
Yutaka Tanuma
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Perfusion Fixation

Although many fine structural studies on the vertebrate liver have been reported on mammals, avians, reptiles, amphibians, teleosts and cyclostomes, there are no studies on elasmobranchii liver except one by T. Ito etal. (1962) who studied it on light microscopic level. The purpose of the present study was to as certain the ultrastructural details and cytochemical characteristics of normal elasmobranchii liver and was to compare with the other higher vertebrate ones.Seventeen Scyliorhinus torazame, one kind of elasmobranchii, were obtained from the fish stock of the Ueno Zoo aquarium, Ueno, Tokyo. The sharks weighing about 300-600g were anesthetized with MS-222 (Sigma), and the livers were fixed by perfusion fixation via the portal vein according to the procedure of Y. Saito et al. (1980) for 10 min. Then the liver tissues were immersed in the same fixative for 2 hours and postfixed with 1% OsO4-solution in 0.1 Mc acodylate buffer for one hour. In order to make sure a phagocytic activity of Kupffer cells, latex particles (0.8 μm in diameter, 0.05mg/100 g b.w.) were injected through the portal vein for one min before fixation. For preservation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, a series of these procedure were performed under ice cold temperature until the end of dehydration.

scholarly journals Quantitative Aspects of the Insulin-Receptor Interaction in Liver Plasma Membranes

1974 ◽  
Vol 249 (7) ◽  
pp. 2249-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ronald Kahn ◽  
Pierre Freychet ◽  
Jesse Roth ◽  
David M. Neville
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Liver Plasma Membranes

scholarly journals Insulin-Receptor Interaction in Isolated Fat Cells

1969 ◽  
Vol 244 (19) ◽  
pp. 5181-5188
Author(s):  
T. Minemura ◽  
Oscar B. Crofford
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Isolated Fat Cells

scholarly journals Heritage Artefacts in the COVID-19 Era: The Aura and Authenticity of 3D Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 519-539
Author(s):  
Thiago Minete Cardozo ◽  
Costas Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
The One ◽  
Digital Engagement

Abstract Museums have been increasingly investing in their digital presence. This became more pressing during the COVID-19 pandemic since heritage institutions had, on the one hand, to temporarily close their doors to visitors while, on the other, find ways to communicate their collections to the public. Virtual tours, revamped websites, and 3D models of cultural artefacts were only a few of the means that museums devised to create alternative ways of digital engagement and counteract the physical and social distancing measures. Although 3D models and collections provide novel ways to interact, visualise, and comprehend the materiality and sensoriality of physical objects, their mediation in digital forms misses essential elements that contribute to (virtual) visitor/user experience. This article explores three-dimensional digitisations of museum artefacts, particularly problematising their aura and authenticity in comparison to their physical counterparts. Building on several studies that have problematised these two concepts, this article establishes an exploratory framework aimed at evaluating the experience of aura and authenticity in 3D digitisations. This exploration allowed us to conclude that even though some aspects of aura and authenticity are intrinsically related to the physicality and materiality of the original, 3D models can still manifest aura and authenticity, as long as a series of parameters, including multimodal contextualisation, interactivity, and affective experiences are facilitated.

Structural Studies on N-(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-methyl/ chloro-acetamides, 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2NH-CO-CH3–yXy (X = CH3 or Cl and y = 0, 1, 2)

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 588-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavalinganadoddy Thimme Gowda ◽  
Jozef Kožíšek ◽  
Hartmut Fuess
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
Lattice Constants ◽  
Peptide Linkage ◽  
The Mean

TMPAThe effect of substitutions in the ring and in the side chain on the crystal structure of N- (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-methyl/chloro-acetamides of the configuration 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2NH-COCH3− yXy (X = CH3 or Cl and y = 0,1, 2) has been studied by determining the crystal structures of N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-acetamide, 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2NH-CO-CH3 (); N-(2,4,6- trimethylphenyl)-2-methylacetamide, 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2NH-CO-CH2-CH3 (TMPMA); N-(2,4,6- trimethylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylacetamide, 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2NH-CO-CH(CH3)2 (TMPDMA) and N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2,2-dichloroacetamide, 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2NH-CO-CHCl2 (TMPDCA). The crystallographic system, space group, formula units and lattice constants in Å are: TMPA: monoclinic, Pn, Z = 2, a = 8.142(3), b = 8.469(3), c = 8.223(3), β = 113.61(2)◦; TMPMA: monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 8, a = 9.103(1), b = 15.812(2), c = 16.4787(19), α = 89.974(10)◦, β = 96.951(10)◦, γ =89.967(10)◦; TMPDMA: monoclinic, P21/c, Z = 4, a =4.757(1), b= 24.644(4), c =10.785(2), β = 99.647(17)◦; TMPDCA: triclinic, P¯1, Z = 2, a = 4.652(1), b = 11.006(1), c = 12.369(1), α = 82.521(7)◦, β = 83.09(1)◦, γ = 79.84(1)◦. The results are analyzed along with the structural data of N-phenylacetamide, C6H5NH-CO-CH3; N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-chloroacetamide, 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2NH-CO-CH2Cl; N-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-acetamide, 2,4,6-Cl3C6H2NH-COCH3; N-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-2-chloroacetamide, 2,4,6-Cl3C6H2NH-CO-CH2Cl; N-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)- 2,2-dichloroacetamide, 2,4,6-Cl3C6H2NH-CO-CHCl2 and N-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)- 2,2,2-trichloroacetamide, 2,4,6-Cl3C6H2NH-CO-CCl3. TMPA, TMPMA and TMPDCA have one molecule each in their asymmetric units, while TMPDMA has two molecules in its asymmetric unit. Changes in the mean ring distances are smaller on substitution as the effect has to be transmitted through the peptide linkage. The comparison of the other bond parameters reveal that there are significant changes in them on substitution.

scholarly journals Polyphenol- and anthocyanin content changes effected by different fermentation- pressing and aging technologies

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Horváth ◽  
L. Kocsis ◽  
A. Bakó
Keyword(s):  
White Wine ◽  
Training System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Testing Experiment ◽  
East West

Different grape processing, fermentation and aging technologies were compared in our study on the white wine-grape variety Grüner Veltliner between 2012 and 2014 in Hungary,Cserszegtomaj. The vines are grown on brown forest soil on dolomite bedrock, stocks were planted 3x1 m row and vine space, respectively in our experimental area. The soil has slightly alkaline pH, the orientation of the vine rows are East-West. The training system is modified Guyot cordon, with 1 m trunk height and cane pruning method. After the harvest half of the yield has been put into the de-stemmer crusher before pressing while the other half has been pressed immediately (whole bunches). From the filtered and bottled wine anthocyanin, and polyphenol content was measured in 2013 and 2014. Another enological technology testing experiment has been set on aging of Grüner Veltliner in 2013. The wine was fermented with addition of fine lees from juice sedimentation. Traditional (racking only), battonage and fast ready-made aging technologies have been set together, each treatment in three replicates were observed.

scholarly journals Fluoride Concentration in SDF Commercial Products and Their Bioavailability with Demineralized Dentine

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Aline Laignier Soares-Yoshikawa ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury ◽  
Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury
Keyword(s):  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Direct Technique

Abstract The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the fluoride concentration in silver diamine fluoride (SDF) products and their bioavailability with demineralized dentine. The products evaluated (expected fluoride concentrations) were: I: Saforide 38% (45,283 ppm F); II: Advantage Arrest 38.3 to 43.2% (45,283 to 51,013 ppm F); III: Ancárie 12% (14,100 ppm F); IV: Ancárie 30% (35,400 ppm F), V: Cariestop 12% (14,100 ppm F) and VI: Cariestop 30% (35,400 ppm F). The fluoride concentration was evaluated using an ion-specific electrode (ISE) by direct technique, which was confirmed after microdiffusion. The pH of the products was determined with a pH test strip. For the bioavailability test, demineralized dentine slabs were treated with one of the products for 1 min. Loosely (CaF2-like) and firmly-bound fluoride (FAp) were determined. The fluoride concentration found in the products (mean±SD; ppm F) by the ISE direct technique was: I:53,491±554; II:57,249±1,851; III:4,814±268; IV:5,726±43; V:10,145±468; VI:11,858±575; these values were confirmed after microdiffusion (t-test; p>0.05) and disagree with the declared by the manufacturers. The pH of Ancárie 12 and 30% was 6.0 and 4.5, respectively, in disagreement with the alkaline pH expected for SDF solution and found in the other products evaluated. There was no correlation between either CaF2-like (r=0.221; p=0.337) or FAp (r=-0.144; p=0.830) formed in demineralized dentine and fluoride concentration found in the products. The problems of pH and fluoride concentration found in available professional commercial SDF products suggest that they are not under sanitary surveillance.

scholarly journals Resin canals in spruce (Picea abis /L./ Karst.) with the occurrence of reaction wood

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Gryc ◽  
Petr Horáček
Keyword(s):  
Compression Wood ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Resin Canal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Resin Canals

The paper was aimed at the determination of variability of horizontal resin canal dimension in spruce wood in relation to the position in a spruce stem. Significant changes of dimensions in horizontal resin canal along the stem length and radius were found. On the basis obtained of results 3D models (for CW, OW, SWL and SWP zones) describing changes in resin canal dimensions in spruce in relation to the position in a stem were created. In the models, the resin canal dimension decreases with the height of a stem and on the other hand, with an increasing distance from the stem pith the dimension of resin canal increases. The importance of the paper consists in the enlargement of findings about the structure of spruce with compression wood.

Big Data Tools for Computing on Clouds and Grids

2018 ◽  
pp. 152-174
Author(s):  
Forest Jay Handford
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Cost ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Academic Communities ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
The Government

The number of tools available for Big Data processing have grown exponentially as cloud providers have introduced solutions for businesses that have little or no money for capital expenditures. The chapter starts by discussing historic data tools and the evolution to those of today. With Cloud Computing, the need for upfront costs has been removed, costs are continuing to fall and costs can be negotiated. This chapter reviews the current types of Big Data tools, and how they evolved. To give readers an idea of costs, the chapter shows example costs (in today's market) for a sampling of the tools and relative cost comparisons of the other tools like the Grid tools used by the government, scientific communities and academic communities. Readers will take away from this chapter an understanding of what tools work best for several scenarios and how to select cost effective tools (even tools that are unknown today).

scholarly journals The neuropilin-like protein ESDN regulates insulin signaling and sensitivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (9) ◽  
pp. H1184-H1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Li ◽  
Jae-Joon Jung ◽  
Lei Nie ◽  
Mahmoud Razavian ◽  
Jiasheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cell ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Receptor Interaction

Insulin effects on cell metabolism, growth, and survival are mediated by its binding to, and activation of, insulin receptor. With increasing prevalence of insulin resistance and diabetes there is considerable interest in identifying novel regulators of insulin signal transduction. The transmembrane protein endothelial and smooth muscle cell-derived neuropilin-like protein (ESDN) is a novel regulator of vascular remodeling and angiogenesis. Here, we investigate a potential role of ESDN in insulin signaling, demonstrating that Esdn gene deletion promotes insulin-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. This is associated with enhanced protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation as well as insulin receptor phosphorylation. Likewise, insulin signaling in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue is enhanced in Esdn−/− mice, and these animals exhibit improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in vivo. The effect of ESDN on insulin signaling is traced back to its interaction with insulin receptor, which alters the receptor interaction with regulatory adaptor protein-E3 ubiquitin ligase pairs, adaptor protein with pleckstrin homology and Src homology 2 domain-c-Cbl and growth factor receptor bound protein 10-neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4. In conclusion, our findings establish ESDN as an inhibitor of insulin receptor signal transduction through a novel regulatory mechanism. Loss of ESDN potentiates insulin's metabolic and mitotic effects and provides insights into a novel therapeutic avenue.

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