scholarly journals Analysis of the 19th Century Historic Archaeological Material Culture Remains from the Browning Site in Smith County, Texas

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Mark Walters
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Late Woodland Period ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
The North ◽  
Common Wall ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Smith County

The Browning site (41SM195A) is located on a 3800 m2 alluvial terrace that overlooks the Auburn Creek floodplain in eastern Smith County, Texas. This setting is near the headwaters of a stream system in the Harris Creek drainage; Harris Creek meets the Sabine River ca. 34 km to the north. In the vicinity of the Browning site, the valley, being narrow with steep valley walls, offers few locations suitable for either prehistoric or historic occupations. Soils here arc Entisols; they vary in depth from 30-70 em across the landform, terminating at a sandstone C-horizon. These arc soils that formed mostly under forest vegetation and are dominantly sandy or loamy. The Browning site falls within the Pineywoods vegetation area and represents the western extent of the pine and deciduous forests of the Southeastern U.S. coastal plain. Archaeological investigations at the Browning site have been carried out intermittingly for several years by the junior author. That work has led to the recognition that it is a stratified site with two very distinct occupations, an early to mid-19th century assemblage of historic artifacts primarily in an upper zone (0-20 em bs) overlying a buried (20-50 em bs) Late Woodland period occupation. The historic occupation is in the center of the terrace, covering approximately 500m2• The historic artifacts arc found primarily in the upper sediments, but due probably to pedoturbations, they have been found as deep as 50 em in the underlying prehistoric archaeological deposits. Excavations at the Browning site have consisted of 41 1 x 1 m units (with a total excavated volume of 20.4 m3) and 22 shovel tests. Surface collections were obtained from the site in 1996 and 2002. The 22 shovel tests excavated at the site were conducted first to better ascertain the limits of the site and identify areas of concentrated cultural activity; ST 4, 8-9, 12, and 19 contained 19th century historic artifacts. Once a buried prehistoric occupation zone was identified, units were placed primarily in cardinal directions to better define the occupation zone's boundaries and levels of occupational intensity, and also sample the overlying 19th century component. The I x 1 m units were excavated in arbitrary l 0 em levels and the soil was dry-screened for artifacts through I /4-inch hardware cloth except for a fine screen sample from Unit I that was water-screened through I /32-inch mesh. A level sheet was completed at the end of each level. Profiles were drawn of one wall of each unit or a common wall when several units were joined. The shovel tests followed the same procedures, except they were excavated in arbitrary 20 em levels. One feature had four refined earthenware sherds (as well as two prehistoric artifacts) and 15 small pieces of animal bone. This was a shallow pit with a very dark grayish-brown sandy loam fill (with charcoal flecks) and a rounded bottom that was 63 em in diameter and extended from 22-29 em bs.

ESPAá‡OS DE LEITURA E VENDA DE LIVROS ESCOLARES NA CIDADE DA PARAáBA (1850-1889)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
CLáUDIA ENGLER CURY
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Public Library ◽  
School Life ◽  
The North ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century

O artigo tem por objetivo apreender as práticas culturais adotadas no processo de constituição da vida escolar, por meio da circulação de livros e compêndios escolares em espaços de venda e de leitura na cidade da Paraá­ba dos oitocentos. Para tanto, utilizou-se como base teórica as concepções da historiografia acerca da cultura material e, posteriormente, da cultura material escolar na leitura e interpretação do corpus documental. Documentos oficiais e 11 jornais que circularam na prová­ncia no perá­odo foram as fontes principais para o estudo que vem a público. Para a primeira metade do século XIX localizamos apenas um local destinado á  leitura, trata-se da Biblioteca Pública do Liceu, e nenhum espaço de venda. Na segunda metade do século XIX, porém, foi possá­vel perceber uma mudança no que diz respeito aos locais de venda de livros, compêndios e artefatos escolares e aos espaços de leitura na prová­ncia. Identificaram-se ainda contatos interprovinciais e entre a Parahyba do Norte e o Municá­pio da Corte, por meio da recepção de livros vindos das editoras do Rio de Janeiro de outras prová­ncias localizadas na região Norte á  época. Palavras-chave: Jornais. Espaços de leitura. Cultura material escolar.  SCHOOL BOOK SREADING AND SELLING SPACES IN PARAáBA CITY (1850-1889) Abstract: This paper aims to understand the cultural practices in the establishment process of school life through the circulation of books and educational textbooks on selling and reading spaces in the 19th century Paraá­ba City. As theoretical basis the paper uses the historiographical conceptions about material culture and, subsequently, about the school material culture to read and analyze the documental corpus. The main sources for this analysis were official documents and 11 newspapers that circulated in the Northern Paraá­ba province during the period. For the first half of the 19th Century we were able to locate only a single place for the reading, the Liceu”™s Public Library, and no retail place. In 19th century”™s second half, however, we noticed a change in books, textbooks and school artifacts”™ selling and reading spaces in the province. The research identified interprovincial contacts between the Northern Paraá­ba and the Court, with registered reception of books coming from Rio de Janeiro and other provinces”™ publishers located in the North at that time. Keywords: Newspapers. Reading spaces. School material culture.  ESPACIOS DE LECTURA Y VENDA DE LIBROS DIDáCTICOS EN LA CIUDAD DE PARAIBA-BRASIL (1850-1889)Resumen: El artá­culo se propone aprehender las prácticas culturales desarrolladas en el proceso de constitución de vida académica, por medio de la circulación de libros y compendios escolares en espacios de venda y lectura en la ciudad de Paraá­ba. Para eso, se utilizó como fundamento teórico las concepciones de la historiografá­a sobre la cultura material y, posteriormente, de la cultura material académica en la lectura e interpretación del corpus documental. Documentos oficiales y once periódicos que circularon en la provincia durante el periodo fueron las fuentes principales para la presente investigación. Situamos en la primera mitad del siglo XIX, un espacio destinado a la lectura, la Biblioteca Pública de Liceu, sin espacio para ventas. Sin embargo, en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, no fueron perceptibles los cambios en lo que se refiere a los locales de ventas de libros, compendios y artefactos escolares y en los espacios de lectura en la provincia. Fueron identificados, todavá­a, contactos interprovinciales y entre Paraá­ba do Norte y Municipio da Corte, por medio de recepción de libros originados de editoras de Rio de Janeiro y de otras provincias situadas en la región Norte. Palabras clave: Periódicos. Espacios de lectura.  Cultura material escolar.

The Inherited Past of the Broch: On Antiquarian Discourse and Contemporary Archaeology

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW BAINES
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
Contemporary Archaeology ◽  
The North

In reading archaeological texts, we expect to be engaged in a characteristically archaeological discourse, with a specific and recognisable structure and vocabulary. In evaluating the published work of 19th Century antiquarians, we will inevitably look for points of contact between their academic language and our own; success or failure in the identification of such points of contact may prompt us to recognise a nascent archaeology in some writings, while dismissing others as naïve or absurd. With this point in mind, this paper discusses the written and material legacies of three 19th Century antiquarians in the north of Scotland who worked on a particular monument type, the broch. The paper explores the degree to which each has been admitted as an influence on the development of the broch as a type. It then proceeds to compare this established typology with the author's experiences, in the field, of the sites it describes. In doing so, the paper addresses wider issues concerning the role of earlier forms of archaeological discourse in the development of present day archaeological classifications of, and of the problems of reconciling such classifications with our experiences of material culture.

Protozoan infection in archaeological material

1970 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Luiz Carvalho Gonçalves ◽  
Cassius Schnell ◽  
Luciana Sianto ◽  
Francoise Bouchet ◽  
Mathieu Le Bailly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Protozoan Infection ◽  
Protein Molecules ◽  
The 19Th Century

The identification of parasites in ancient human feces is compromised by differential preservation of identifiable parasite structures. However, protein molecules can survive the damage of the environment. It was possible to detected antigen of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia duodenalis in historic and prehistoric human fecal remains using two enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) kits with monoclonal antibodies specific for E. histolytica and G. duodenalis, respectively. Specimens of desiccated feces and ancient latrine sediment from the New and the Old World were examined. The ELISA detected E. histolytica antigen in samples from Argentina, USA, France, Belgium, and Switzerland, dated to about 5300 years BP to the 19th Century AD. G. duodenalis antigen was detected in samples from USA, Belgium, and Germany, dated to about 1200 AD, 1600 AD, and 1700 AD. The detection of protozoan antigen using immunoassays is a reliable tool for the study of intestinal parasites in the past.

scholarly journals The Study of Religious Customs and Traditions of the Nanai in Russian Science (Pre-Revolutionary Context) and the Experience of Their Systematization in the Literary Ethnography of Venedikt Mart

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Kseniya A. Zemlyanskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Wedding Ceremony ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the 19th – early 20th centuries, the Nanai were one of the largest Tungus-Manchu peoples of the Russian Far East. A close study of their traditions and customs began in the middle of the 19th century, when numerous ethnographic expeditions of researchers (L.I. Shrenk, R.K. Maak, K.I. Maksimovich) were sent to the Amur. First of all, the researchers were interested in the material culture of the Nanai, the issues of religion were touched upon in the mainstream of ethnographic research. In the last quarter of the 19th century, the attention of researchers was directed to the description of Nanai rites of passage (D. Kropotkin, P.P. Shimkevich). Scientific expeditions of the early 20th century were aimed at describing the spiritual culture of the Nanai and its reflection in material culture (I.A. Lopatin, L.Ya. Sternberg). The description of the religious beliefs of the Nanai was recorded as a result of the missionary activities of Blagoveshchensk and Vladivostok dioceses. In 1932, the former Far East writer Venedikt Mart published the story “Dere – the Water Wedding”, where he accumulates and systematizes the accumulated knowledge about the Nanai people in literary form, introducing certain elements of fiction. Despite the fact that Venedikt Mart writes about the denial of religious customs and traditions by the new generation of Nanai, nevertheless, the story itself is, in fact, clearly fixed at its core by the content of the wedding ceremony

scholarly journals Piśmiennictwo religijne Tatarów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego jako oryginalne źródło do badań polszczyzny północnokresowej

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-110
Author(s):  
Joanna Kulwicka-Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The North ◽  
Religious Writings ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
The 19Th Century

The religious writings of the Tatars constitute a valuable source for philological research due to the presence of heretofore unexplored grammatical and lexical layers of the north borderland Polish language of the 16th-20th centuries and due to the interference-related and transfer-related processes in the context of Slavic languages and Slavic-Oriental contacts. Therefore the basis for linguistic analyses is constituted by one of the most valuable monuments of this body of writing – the first translation of the Quran into a Slavic language in the world (probably representing the north borderland Polish language), which assumed the form of a tefsir. The source of linguistic analyses is constituted by the Olita tefsir, which dates back to 1723 (supplemented and corrected in the 19th century). On the basis of the material that was excerpted from this work the author presents both borderland features described in the subject literature and tries to point the new or only sparsely confirmed facts in the history of the Polish language, including the formation of the north borderland Polish language on the Belarusian substrate. Research involves all levels of language – the phonetic-phonological, morphological, syntactic and the lexical-semantic levels.

scholarly journals Экспонаты Музея «Пруссия» в Каталоге копий Центрального Римско-Германского музея (Майнц)

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Владимир И. Кулаков
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Local Origin ◽  
Small Array ◽  
The 19Th Century

The catalogue of copies from the Roman-German Central Museum (Mainz) poses an opportunity to present to the modern researcher the volume of Prussian archaeological material available on the second floor dedicated to the 19th century. By collecting what is considered the most representative exhibits, the museum authorities put on display items copied in Mainz and stored in Prussia-Museum (Königsberg). They were created by masters from Aesti and Prussia. The only imports among the small array of findings published in the catalogue include a helmet from the Dollkeim-Kovrovo burial ground (its local origin has not been excluded) and a lock and key from the Löbertshof cemetery / Tyulenino.

scholarly journals Collections d’ethnographie et musées d’archéologie: entre désaveux muséologiques et jalons de l’histoire des sciences de l’Homme

ORGANON ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 75-100
Author(s):  
Adèle Chevalie
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 19Th Century

The fact that ethnographical collections, often ancient, are preserved in archaeological museums nowadays might not be obvious. The material culture of living societies is not, indeed, the priority of archaeologists, who are mainly interested in societies of the past. However, a museological and historical approach makes it possible to study these collections and highlight their differential management according to institutions and epistemological developments in the human sciences, since the middle of the 19th century.

A history of early household economics: Improving the family’s contribution to industrial production and rationalizing family consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-1005
Author(s):  
Miriam Bankovsky
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
North American ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Household Economics ◽  
Social Good ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Consumer ◽  
Family Consumption ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract This article contributes to our knowledge of two early phases in the history of household economics. The first is represented by the 19th-century theory of Alfred Marshall and the second by the interwar theories of several North American consumer economists (Hazel Kyrk, Elizabeth Hoyt, and Margaret Reid). The aim is to present the analytical focus and accounts of social good that animated these phases. Since Marshall’s focus was on improving industrial production, his family economics explained how the Victorian family could improve the labour it contributed to industry. But the North American consumer economists sought to improve family consumption. Regarding ethics, 19th-century families were to cultivate an industrious and altruistic character. But the consumer economists thought families needed protection from producer fraud, along with living standards that expressed their individuality. Early household economics also accepted the gendered family form that had accompanied these developments, rejecting more ‘activist’ conceptions.

Kisikongo (Bantu, H16a) present-future isomorphism

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-288
Author(s):  
Sebastian Dom ◽  
Gilles-Maurice de Schryver ◽  
Koen Bostoen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Semantic Extension ◽  
The North ◽  
Bantu Language ◽  
The Future ◽  
Identical Construction ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract The North-Angolan Bantu language Kisikongo has a present tense (Ø-R-ang-a; R = root) that is morphologically more marked than the future tense (Ø-R-a). We reconstruct how this typologically uncommon tense-marking feature came about by drawing on both historical and comparative evidence. Our diachronic corpus covers four centuries that can be subdivided in three periods, viz. (1) mid-17th, (2) late-19th/early-20th, and (3) late-20th/​early-21st centuries. The comparative data stem from several present-day languages of the “Kikongo Language Cluster.” We show that mid-17th century Kisikongo had three distinct constructions: Ø-R-a (with present progressive, habitual and generic meaning), Ø-R-ang-a (with present habitual meaning), and ku-R-a (with future meaning). By the end of the 19th century the last construction is no longer attested, and both present and future time reference are expressed by a segmentally identical construction, namely Ø-R-a. We argue that two seemingly independent but possibly interacting diachronic evolutions conspired towards such present-future isomorphism: (1) the semantic extension of an original present-tense construction from present to future leading to polysemy, and (2) the loss of the future prefix ku-, as part of a broader phenomenon of prefix reduction, inducing homonymy. To resolve the ambiguity, the Ø-R-ang-a construction evolved into the main present-tense construction.

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