The Inherited Past of the Broch: On Antiquarian Discourse and Contemporary Archaeology

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW BAINES
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
Contemporary Archaeology ◽  
The North

In reading archaeological texts, we expect to be engaged in a characteristically archaeological discourse, with a specific and recognisable structure and vocabulary. In evaluating the published work of 19th Century antiquarians, we will inevitably look for points of contact between their academic language and our own; success or failure in the identification of such points of contact may prompt us to recognise a nascent archaeology in some writings, while dismissing others as naïve or absurd. With this point in mind, this paper discusses the written and material legacies of three 19th Century antiquarians in the north of Scotland who worked on a particular monument type, the broch. The paper explores the degree to which each has been admitted as an influence on the development of the broch as a type. It then proceeds to compare this established typology with the author's experiences, in the field, of the sites it describes. In doing so, the paper addresses wider issues concerning the role of earlier forms of archaeological discourse in the development of present day archaeological classifications of, and of the problems of reconciling such classifications with our experiences of material culture.

Gallo-British Colonies the Aisled Round-House Culture in the North

1948 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 46-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Scott
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Working Population ◽  
The North ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
South West ◽  
First Time ◽  
British Colonies ◽  
Point Of Departure

In a former paper, ‘The Problem of the Brochs,’ the writer sought to review the culture which appeared in the Western and Northern Islands and on the Northern Mainland in the 1st century B.C. and to clear away some preconceptions which seemed to hinder a realistic understanding of it. It was there suggested that a clue to the real nature of the culture might be found in a study of the ‘wheelhouse,’ a building which had not accumulated round itself those more romantic conceptions of 19th century archaeology, which made of every house a castle and of every mound a tomb; but was accepted for what it was, a dwelling of a working population. In the present paper this clue is followed with the aim of answering some of the questions which the former paper merely posed. A firm point of departure is sought in a farmstead excavated by the writer in Uist, and thence the inquiry is followed through the abundant, if unequally valuable, reports of earlier excavators to a survey of the culture as a whole.The survey will be seen to owe much to the earlier one published by Professor Childe in his ‘Prehistory of Scotland’ in 1935, where, for the first time, elements in the material culture were distinguished which were plainly of South-west British origin and the result of immigration thence. To Dr Alex. Curle it owes a debt which will be apparent without reference to footnotes. It is due to Dr Curle's wide ranging excavations in the wheelhouses, the wags, the brochs and the hut circles of the culture, and to his earthfast judgment in regard to them, that we know more of the Iron Age dwellings in the North, and of the life lived in them, than we know of the habitations of any other part of Britain.

The role of the Qachaq movement in the development of national consciousness in Azerbaijan

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Rafail Ayvaz Ahmadli ◽  
◽  
Lala Yashar Ahmadova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
National Character ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The North ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article discusses the role of the "gachag movement (a form of rebel movement of fugitives)" in the formation of national self-consciousness in the north of Azerbaijan, the reasons for its occurrence, an appreciation of their struggle against the russian imperial regime and against the dishonesty of local oppressors by this regime, explores the causes of popular love, praise, protection and the creation of heroic epics about them. The article reveals the special activities of such famous fugitives who gained respect among ordinary people for their courage in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, us Gachag Nyabi from Gubadli (in the former Zangezur district), Dely Alu and Gambar from Ganja, Suleiman, Murtuza and Mamed-Bek Cavalier from Karabakh, Yusif from Zagatala, Karim Efendi oglu Gutgashenli from Nukha, Gachag Karim from Gazakh and the woman Gachag Gulsum from Shamkir popularly known as “Gachag Suleiman”. The article emphasizes not only the national character of the "gachag movement" in Azerbaijan, but also their contribution to the formation of national self-consciousness to a greater extent than the role of thinkers of that time. Key words: North Azerbaijan, national identity, the Russian imperial regime, the "gachag movement", the occupation of Russian imperia, the 19th century, the struggle, local beks (nobles), gentlemen (little nobles)

Theory and Politics

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Harrison ◽  
John Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Contemporary Archaeology ◽  
Contemporary Life ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Heritage Industry ◽  
Contemporary Past

If we are to undertake an archaeology of the contemporary past, we need Wrst to be able to characterize it—to understand both those quotidian aspects of contemporary life as well as what makes this period distinct from other periods that preceded it. Although we have already suggested in Chapter 1 that the archaeology of the contemporary past should not be considered a period study, it is nonetheless important to understand both the continuities and discontinuities in contemporary life that might form the object of an archaeology of the present. This chapter will introduce a theoretical framework on which to build an archaeology of the contemporary past through a consideration of what various cultural theorists have written about the nature of the subject and its relevance to the study of contemporary places and material culture. There is a large literature on the nature of modernity and late modernity (a term we use to describe both ‘postmodernity’ and ‘supermodernity’ in a historical sense, see further discussion below), from which we have drawn a selection that we consider helpful in understanding the topic of contemporary archaeology, and that provides a theoretical background to the work of archaeologists who study the contemporary past. This chapter will also explore the ways in which archaeology as a form of documentation becomes a political and social intervention when its gaze is turned towards the contemporary past. We argue that this political dimension is one of the defining characteristics of the archaeology of the contemporary past. Although we noted in Chapter 1 that this is not a book about heritage, the issue of heritage is in many ways integral to understanding the role of contemporary archaeology, as it relates to the ways in which we engage with, and understand, the past in the present. Indeed, in this chapter we argue that the rise of a heritage industry is itself a tangible artefact of the same impulse that led to the rise of contemporary archaeology as a distinct Weld of study (see also Ferguson, Harrison, and Weinbren 2010). At the same time, understanding these impulses that have given rise to heritage and the archaeology of the recent past helps us to understand what makes the period unique, and lays the foundation for a thematic framework for undertaking an archaeology of the contemporary past.

ESPAá‡OS DE LEITURA E VENDA DE LIVROS ESCOLARES NA CIDADE DA PARAáBA (1850-1889)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
CLáUDIA ENGLER CURY
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Public Library ◽  
School Life ◽  
The North ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century

O artigo tem por objetivo apreender as práticas culturais adotadas no processo de constituição da vida escolar, por meio da circulação de livros e compêndios escolares em espaços de venda e de leitura na cidade da Paraá­ba dos oitocentos. Para tanto, utilizou-se como base teórica as concepções da historiografia acerca da cultura material e, posteriormente, da cultura material escolar na leitura e interpretação do corpus documental. Documentos oficiais e 11 jornais que circularam na prová­ncia no perá­odo foram as fontes principais para o estudo que vem a público. Para a primeira metade do século XIX localizamos apenas um local destinado á  leitura, trata-se da Biblioteca Pública do Liceu, e nenhum espaço de venda. Na segunda metade do século XIX, porém, foi possá­vel perceber uma mudança no que diz respeito aos locais de venda de livros, compêndios e artefatos escolares e aos espaços de leitura na prová­ncia. Identificaram-se ainda contatos interprovinciais e entre a Parahyba do Norte e o Municá­pio da Corte, por meio da recepção de livros vindos das editoras do Rio de Janeiro de outras prová­ncias localizadas na região Norte á  época. Palavras-chave: Jornais. Espaços de leitura. Cultura material escolar.  SCHOOL BOOK SREADING AND SELLING SPACES IN PARAáBA CITY (1850-1889) Abstract: This paper aims to understand the cultural practices in the establishment process of school life through the circulation of books and educational textbooks on selling and reading spaces in the 19th century Paraá­ba City. As theoretical basis the paper uses the historiographical conceptions about material culture and, subsequently, about the school material culture to read and analyze the documental corpus. The main sources for this analysis were official documents and 11 newspapers that circulated in the Northern Paraá­ba province during the period. For the first half of the 19th Century we were able to locate only a single place for the reading, the Liceu”™s Public Library, and no retail place. In 19th century”™s second half, however, we noticed a change in books, textbooks and school artifacts”™ selling and reading spaces in the province. The research identified interprovincial contacts between the Northern Paraá­ba and the Court, with registered reception of books coming from Rio de Janeiro and other provinces”™ publishers located in the North at that time. Keywords: Newspapers. Reading spaces. School material culture.  ESPACIOS DE LECTURA Y VENDA DE LIBROS DIDáCTICOS EN LA CIUDAD DE PARAIBA-BRASIL (1850-1889)Resumen: El artá­culo se propone aprehender las prácticas culturales desarrolladas en el proceso de constitución de vida académica, por medio de la circulación de libros y compendios escolares en espacios de venda y lectura en la ciudad de Paraá­ba. Para eso, se utilizó como fundamento teórico las concepciones de la historiografá­a sobre la cultura material y, posteriormente, de la cultura material académica en la lectura e interpretación del corpus documental. Documentos oficiales y once periódicos que circularon en la provincia durante el periodo fueron las fuentes principales para la presente investigación. Situamos en la primera mitad del siglo XIX, un espacio destinado a la lectura, la Biblioteca Pública de Liceu, sin espacio para ventas. Sin embargo, en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, no fueron perceptibles los cambios en lo que se refiere a los locales de ventas de libros, compendios y artefactos escolares y en los espacios de lectura en la provincia. Fueron identificados, todavá­a, contactos interprovinciales y entre Paraá­ba do Norte y Municipio da Corte, por medio de recepción de libros originados de editoras de Rio de Janeiro y de otras provincias situadas en la región Norte. Palabras clave: Periódicos. Espacios de lectura.  Cultura material escolar.

scholarly journals A Complex Historical and Archaeological Study of the Rural Settlements of the XVII – Early XX Century in the Middle Tom' Region Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
A. G. Marochkin ◽  
A. Yu. Yurakova ◽  
I. Yu. Uskov ◽  
S. A. Vasyutin ◽  
A. S. Sizyov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Material ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
North And South

The present article introduces a new complex approach to the Russian rural settlements of the XVII – early XX centuries in the Middle Tom' Region basin. The approach unites historical, archaeological, and ethnographic researches for a detailed reconstruction of the process of Russian colonization in the region and its reflection in the local material culture. A thorough analysis of historical documentation made it possible to describe the development of the peasant population in the Middle Tom' Region valley. The four stages of this process are different in growth rates, as well as in the priority role of the southern and northern zones of the region. The XVII century saw the most active process of rural development in Sosnovsk area, while the settlements of Kuznetsk area appeared mostly in the first half of the XVIII century. The growth rate in the north and south areas began to level in the second half of the XVIII century – early XIX century. There were no changes in the total number of settlements registered after the middle of the XIX century. The paper also features a brief analysis of archaeological studies of the rural settlements in Western Siberia. The authors believe that the Middle Tom' Region basin still remain largely understudied. The paper contains a catalog of the local archaeological monuments of the Early Modern Period. The catalog is based on the coverage degree, historical identification, and their protection status. The research revealed a certain territorial disproportion in the number of registered archeological monuments. The authors propose some new directions for further studies of the history and culture of the Russian population in the Middle Tom' Region basin.

Building Liberal Identities in 19th Century Madrid: The Role of Middle Class Material Culture

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
Class A ◽  
The Social ◽  
Good Sample ◽  
National Bourgeoisie ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Sample Case

In recent years, most historians have abandoned the idea that the revolutions that shook the Atlantic world between 1776 and 1848 were the work of a single social class. A number of studies on the social composition of the groups that ignited and propelled the different revolutionary processes demonstrate the diversity of conditions and social backgrounds of the revolutionaries. However, this revisionism is posing new questions as to why these contingencies in Europe and the Americas decided to mobilize, to construct new liberal national states, and how they carried it out.Spain is a good sample case for this historiographical inquiry. At present, few historians accept the idea that the series of upheavals that brought about a new liberal state during the 19th century resulted from the exclusive pressure of a national bourgeoisie. Recent scholarship has revisited the classic bourgeois revolution paradigm by presenting liberalism as an ideology that captivated the imagination of Spaniards of a variety of social ranks, with special impact among urban middle and popular groups. But if Spanish scholars are providing better explanations regarding who embraced liberal ideas and facilitated their spread, the answers for the “why” and “how” this process occurred are, in my opinion, less convincing.

scholarly journals Analysis of the 19th Century Historic Archaeological Material Culture Remains from the Browning Site in Smith County, Texas

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Mark Walters
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Late Woodland Period ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
The North ◽  
Common Wall ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Smith County

The Browning site (41SM195A) is located on a 3800 m2 alluvial terrace that overlooks the Auburn Creek floodplain in eastern Smith County, Texas. This setting is near the headwaters of a stream system in the Harris Creek drainage; Harris Creek meets the Sabine River ca. 34 km to the north. In the vicinity of the Browning site, the valley, being narrow with steep valley walls, offers few locations suitable for either prehistoric or historic occupations. Soils here arc Entisols; they vary in depth from 30-70 em across the landform, terminating at a sandstone C-horizon. These arc soils that formed mostly under forest vegetation and are dominantly sandy or loamy. The Browning site falls within the Pineywoods vegetation area and represents the western extent of the pine and deciduous forests of the Southeastern U.S. coastal plain. Archaeological investigations at the Browning site have been carried out intermittingly for several years by the junior author. That work has led to the recognition that it is a stratified site with two very distinct occupations, an early to mid-19th century assemblage of historic artifacts primarily in an upper zone (0-20 em bs) overlying a buried (20-50 em bs) Late Woodland period occupation. The historic occupation is in the center of the terrace, covering approximately 500m2• The historic artifacts arc found primarily in the upper sediments, but due probably to pedoturbations, they have been found as deep as 50 em in the underlying prehistoric archaeological deposits. Excavations at the Browning site have consisted of 41 1 x 1 m units (with a total excavated volume of 20.4 m3) and 22 shovel tests. Surface collections were obtained from the site in 1996 and 2002. The 22 shovel tests excavated at the site were conducted first to better ascertain the limits of the site and identify areas of concentrated cultural activity; ST 4, 8-9, 12, and 19 contained 19th century historic artifacts. Once a buried prehistoric occupation zone was identified, units were placed primarily in cardinal directions to better define the occupation zone's boundaries and levels of occupational intensity, and also sample the overlying 19th century component. The I x 1 m units were excavated in arbitrary l 0 em levels and the soil was dry-screened for artifacts through I /4-inch hardware cloth except for a fine screen sample from Unit I that was water-screened through I /32-inch mesh. A level sheet was completed at the end of each level. Profiles were drawn of one wall of each unit or a common wall when several units were joined. The shovel tests followed the same procedures, except they were excavated in arbitrary 20 em levels. One feature had four refined earthenware sherds (as well as two prehistoric artifacts) and 15 small pieces of animal bone. This was a shallow pit with a very dark grayish-brown sandy loam fill (with charcoal flecks) and a rounded bottom that was 63 em in diameter and extended from 22-29 em bs.

Sasak People’s Resistance Against Mataram-Karangasem and Dutch Colonial Rulers: The Role of Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Ahmad Tohri ◽  
H. Habibuddin ◽  
Abdul Rasyad
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Dutch Colonial ◽  
Dutch Colonialism

This article discusses the Sasak people’s resistance against MataramKarangasem and Dutch colonial rulers in the 19th century in Lombok, Indonesia. It particularly focuses on Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu and his central role in the emergence of Sasak people’s resistance which transformed into Sasak physical revolution local and global imperialismcolonialism. Using the historical method, this article collected data through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data analysis involved the historical methods of heuristics, verification or criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings show that Sasak people’s resistance was not only caused by economic factors but also related to other factors such as social, cultural, and religious ones. Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu played a key role in the Sasak people’s resistance in that it was under his leadership and influence that the resistance transformed into a physical struggle against MataramKarangasem and Dutch colonialism as seen in Sakra War and Praya War which were led by his students and friends.

Training of Village Teachers in Vilna Educational District in the 1860s and 1870s

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Anna A. Komzolova
Keyword(s):  
Educational Reform ◽  
Rural Teachers ◽  
Cultural Brokers ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia ◽  
Trained Teachers ◽  
The Village ◽  
North Western

One of the results of the educational reform of the 1860s was the formation of the regular personnel of village teachers. In Vilna educational district the goal was not to invite teachers from central Russia, but to train them on the spot by establishing special seminaries. Trained teachers were supposed to perform the role of «cultural brokers» – the intermediaries between local peasants and the outside world, between the culture of Russian intelligentsia and the culture of the Belarusian people. The article examines how officials and teachers of Vilna educational district saw the role of rural teachers as «cultural brokers» in the context of the linguistic and cultural diversity of the North-Western Provinces. According to them, the graduates of the pedagogical seminaries had to remain within the peasant estate and to keep in touch with their folk «roots». The special «mission» of the village teachers was in promoting the ideas of «Russian elements» and historical proximity to Russia among Belarusian peasants.

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