scholarly journals To Calculation of Fillet Welds

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-371
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Davydov ◽  
A. I. Bondarovich

When making welded joints, it is not always possible to press tightly elements to be joined before surfacing the weld. In normative documents on welded joints, the allowable gap between the elements to be connected can reach 3 mm  when welding with a covered electrode and 2 mm when welding in shielded gases. At the same time the presence of a gap is not taken into account in the standards for calculation of welded joints. Experimental studies have been carried out to determine effect of the gap on the bearing capacity of the weld. Specimens have been made with welded joints of two types: for work in shear and pull-out. For the purpose of comparison, half of the specimens have been made without gaps, and the other half with gaps between the elements to be joined. The specimens have been made at the Minsk plant of technological metal structures, and their tests have been carried out in a research laboratory of the Belarusian National Technical University. Based on the results of the experiments, it has been concluded that the gaps between the elements to be joined significantly reduce the bearing  capacity of  the welded joints.  In addition,  inspection of  fracture surfaces  have  shown that, in the presence of a gap, the  cut  surfaces of  the weld  pass along the  fusion boundary  of  the base and deposited metals.  It has  been  experimenttally established that the existing gap leads to a slight increase in the penetration depth. However, the latter factor does not compensate for the decrease in the bearing capacity of the welded joint due to the presence of a gap between the elements to be joined.

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 1488-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhao ◽  
Jian Jun Zhao

The present paper deals with experimental studies on the ultra-high cycle fatigue property of Q345 bridge steel. Using the ultrasonic fatigue testing technique, specimens of Q345 welded joint with hourglass shape were designed using an analytical method combining with the finite element method and then fatigue tested in air at room temperature under fully reversed cyclic loading conditions (R=-1). The results show that the S-N curves of welded joints and relative base material specimens show continuously decreasing tendency in the very high cycle regime (105-109 cycles). Fatigue property of welded joint is much lower than that of base material and the fatigue strength of welded joint is only 45.0% of base material. Fracture can still occur on welded joints beyond 5 106 cycles, which indicates the fatigue limit defined at lifetime of 5 106 cycles cannot guarantee a safe design.


2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
V. S. Kossov ◽  
O. G. Krasnov ◽  
M. G. Akashev

The causes of deformation in the zone of welded joints are considered. Authors experimentally studied changes in hardness on the rolling surface of the rail in the longitudinal and transverse profiles within the thermally affected zone of the welded joint. It is established that the hardness of the rolling surface of the rail in the longitudinal direction in the thermally affected zone of the joint is uneven and is determined by the structures arising from the effects of the thermal cycles of welding and the quality of the local heat treatment. In this case, two "low spots" are clearly traced with a decrease in hardness to 290...300 HB and with a higher hardness up to 350 HB right in the welded joint. Experimentally investigated the change in the depth of the welded joint from the implemented tonnage. At the same time with strain gauge method, using the force method developed by N. N. Kudryavtsev, continuous changes in vertical forces when the wheels move along the welded joint zone were recorded. Average values of vertical forces from loaded cars were established. Experimental distributions of vertical forces were approximated by theoretical laws according to the Kolmogorov — Smirnov matching criterion. Recommendations are given on minimizing the harmful impact of rolling stock on the track in areas of lowering welded joints.The following conclusions were made.1.            Geometry of the joint irregularity is in the form of a W-shaped deformation with an influx of metal on the receiving rail and lowering on the directing rail. The width of the upper part of the deformation varies between 160...200 mm along the axis of the rail.2.            Deformation zone of the welded joint is a source of increased dynamic impact from the wheels of the rolling stock on the elements of the upper track structure. According to the results of experimental studies it was found that the greatest increase in dynamic effects was observed from locomotive wheels up to 45..               . 70 kN, maximum values reached 180...210 kN, from the wheels of loaded freight cars the values of vertical forces increased by 35..     .45 kN, maximum values reached 145...170 kN, from the wheels of empty cars increase dynamic impacts amounted to 14...16 kN, maximum values reached 32...36 kN.


2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Dan Dobrotă ◽  
Valentin Petrescu

Most of the technological equipment has welded metal structures in its composition, which are strongly affected by the corrosion phenomenon. In order to achieve a reduction of the corrosion phenomenon it is very important that the welded joints are made using optimal parameters of the welding regime. In the research were made 6 different welded specimens, respectively 3 for the welded T-shaped joint and 3 for the cross-welded joint. The welded joints were made of 10 mm thick using S 355JR steel by the MAG welding process and using welding wire G4 Si 1 as an additive. For the 6 specimens were made analyzes of the metallographic structure thus observing what are parameters of the welding regime that allows to obtain the welded joints with high corrosion resistance.


Author(s):  
Eren Komurlu ◽  
Serhat Demir

Change in the load bearing capacity of the split set type friction rock bolts with variations of bolt lengths was investigated within this study. To determine a relation between the load bearing capacity and bolt length parameters, different friction bolt models with various lengths were analyzed with a numerical modelling study. In addition, a series of pull-out tests was carried out to evaluate the load bearing capacities of the split set type friction rock bolts with different lengths. The load bearing capacity of the bolts was found to decreasingly increase with the increase in the bolt length. As an outcome of this study, a relation between the load bearing capacity and rock bolt length parameters is suggested in accordance with the results obtained from both numerical and experimental studies.


2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 02075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Erofeev ◽  
Robert Sharafiev ◽  
Olga Grebenshchikova

In this paper, we propose one of the approaches to assess the load-bearing capacity of metal structures for an arbitrary type of failure based on the use of interpolation-type criteria based on the principle of boundary interpolation. This approach allows for the standardization of defects taking into account their location, sharpness at the top, as well as the properties of the base metal or welded joints. The use of the calculated calculated ratios that have been experimentally confirmed during the testing of welded joints with surface defects allows us to estimate the range of their admissible sizes that do not lead to a decrease in operating loads acting on welded metal structures during their operation, proceeding from ensuring the required level of allowable stresses. This range of permissible defect sizes is determined by a number of parameters characterizing the type of defect, the mechanical properties of the weld metal, the type, stiffness and concentration of the stressed state, the thickness of the metal structures, the operating conditions (temperature T), and the accepted safety factor.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Fedotov ◽  
Maxim Loskutov ◽  
Ivan Shelemba ◽  
Alexey Kolesnikov ◽  
Igor Ovchinnikov

This article describes results of studies on the monitoring of deformations of load-bearing metal structures of a span structure of a bridge using fiber-optic sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings before and after reinforcement by polymer composite materials. It is received, that as a result of strengthening the deflection of the bridge has decreased in 2 times. The results of the experimental studies were compared with the computational justification carried out in PC LIRA 10.8. As a result of experimental and theoretical studies it was confirmed that the installed reinforcement system using composite spigots can be effectively used to restore the bearing capacity of artificial structures.


The article is devoted to the actual problem of assigning optimal parameters for connecting steel plates on cover plates with angular welds that are widely used in construction practice. The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of operation of a welded assembly of the plates connection on cover plates. An algorithm is proposed for determining the optimal parameters of a welded joint with fillet welds on the cover plates, which makes it possible to obtain a strength balanced connection. The results of full-scale tensile tests of models were presented. These results confirmed the correctness of the assumed design assumptions, and made it possible to obtain a form of destruction, not characteristic and not described in the normative literature, expressed by cutting the main elements along the length of the overlap in the joint. The possibility of such a form of destruction was confirmed by the results of numerical research in a nonlinear formulation. The optimal parameters of the nodal welded joint determined by engineering calculation are confirmed by experimental studies, as well as by the results of numerical experiments on models of calculation schemes, taking into account the physical nonlinearity of the material operation. The obtained dependence for determining the bearing capacity of the joint by the cut-off mechanism and the expression for limiting the overlap length of the cover plates will make it possible to predict the nature of the fracture and design equally strong joints.


2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  

Практика показывает, что для сварных конструкций, эксплуатируемых в условиях Крайнего Севера необходимо уделять внимание работоспособности сварных соединений при низких температурах. Металл сварных соединений в процессе воздействия обработки изменяет свои свойства, снижается ударная вязкость, образуется гетерогенная структура с большой степенью разнозернистости. Чтобы оценивать и иметь возможность правильно контролировать термическое воздействие и последствия сварочного процесса, требуется решить задачу аналитического определения ударной вязкости для всех зон сварного соединения. В настоящей статье представлен инженерный метод оценки ударной вязкости, применимый для любой зоны сварного соединения, в которой имеется острый или особый концентратор напряжений – трещина. Разработанный аналитический метод расчета ударной вязкости отражает качественную и количественную картину взаимосвязи структурно-механических характеристик и работы развития трещины в диапазоне температур 77…300 К. Предложенная схематизация зависимости критического коэффициента интенсивности напряжений от температуры позволила найти коэффициенты, характеризующие свойства материала, и выполнить расчеты изменения предела текучести и предела прочности от температуры эксплуатации. Построены графики зависимости работы развития трещины от температуры эксплуатации для сталей 15ГС и 17ГС, сравнение которых с экспериментальными данными показывает удовлетворительное согласование. Найдено, что при напряжениях предела выносливости отношение работы развития трещины к критической длине трещины постоянно, не зависит от температуры и для сталей 15ГС и 17ГС равно около 10. Ключевые слова: ударная вязкость, работа разрушения, коэффициент интенсивности напряжений, трещина, феррито-перлитная сталь, зона термического влияния. For welded structures under operation in the Far North, attention must be paid to the performance of welded joints at low temperatures. The properties of metal of welded joints are changed in the process of treatment, its toughness decreases, and a heterogeneous structure with a large range of different grain sizes is formed. In order to evaluate and be able to correctly control the thermal effect and the consequences of the welding process, it is necessary to solve the problem of analytical determination of impact strength for all zones of the welded joint. The paper presents an engineering method for evaluation of the impact strength applicable to any area of the welded joint in which there is a sharp or super sharp stress concentrator – a crack. The developed analytical method for calculating the impact strength reflects a qualitative and quantitative codependency of structural and mechanical characteristics and the process of crack development in the temperature range of 77–300 K. The proposed schematization of dependence of the critical coefficient of stress intensity on the temperature made it possible to find coefficients characterizing the properties of the material and to perform calculations of changes in yield strength and tensile strength on operating temperature. Graphs of the crack development process dependency on the operating temperature for 15ГС and 17ГС steels were constructed, and their comparison with experimental data displays satisfactory agreement. It was found that at endurance limit stresses, the ratio of the crack development process to the critical crack length is constant, non-dependent on temperature, and is equal to 10 for 15ГС and 17ГС steels. Keywords: impact strength, fracture work, stress intensity factor, crack, ferrite-pearlite steel, heat affected zone, steel tempering.


2020 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
O.N. CHERNYKH ◽  
◽  
A.V. RBURLACHENKO

Recommendations are presented for solving issues that arise in the design and operation of tubular transport crossings of corrugated metal structures through spawning streams while ensuring the safety and natural reproduction of fish stocks. There are discussed the results of experimental studies of culverts made of metal corrugated pipes with a normal and spiral shape of corrugation the bottom of which is buried and filled with suitable granular material to the level of the natural channel of a small watercourse. It is established that when 10% of the area of the corrugated pipe is occupied by stone filling, its throughput is reduced by about 10-12%. Based on the review of the existing literature and the results of laboratory experiments, data is provided to estimate the values of the roughness coefficients of the composite cross-section of a single-point junction and directions for future research on culvert reclamation are outlined. Studying of the structure of the velocity distribution in culverts can lead to the improved conditions for fish passage without installing special structural elements in the transit path of the fish passage structure.


2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2563-2566
Author(s):  
Dan Dobrota

Mining equipment made of welded metal structures is strongly affected by the corrosion phenomenon due to the working conditions. Initial research has shown that the corrosion phenomenon is most pronounced in the area of cross-welded joints and welded T-shaped joints. In the researches, there was made a chemical analysis of the welded construction material used respectively of the new material and it was observed a reduction in carbon concentration in the material used, but also a substantial increase in the sulfur concentration compared to the new material. The pronounced corrosion of the metallic structure is influenced by the chemical composition change because the sulfur is a grafitizing and weakening element, and the decrease in carbon concentration causes a decrease in corrosion resistance. Also, the pronounced corrosion is due to the action of sulfurous acid (H2SO3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), elements that are present in the working environment of welded constructions. In order to achieve a reduction in the corrosion phenomenon, it is very important that the welded joints are made using the optimal parameters of the welding regime so as to obtain metallographic structure with finer granulations.


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