Colorimetric Assay of Thiamine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Preparations

A simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of thiaminehydrochloride has been developed. The method is based on the formation of the Schiff’s base between the primary amino group present in thiamine hydrochloride and aldehyde group present in the vanillin reagent to produce a yellow colored complex having maximum absorption at 390 nm. Beer’s law has obeaid over the concentration range of 2-28µg/mL, with molar absorptivity of 0.96x104L/mol.cm. The average recovery which is a measure of accuracy is 100±1.3% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) is less than1.5 .The present method is considered to be simple because it does not need heating, hydrolysis and solvent extraction steps. The ingredients often formulated with thiamine and have been shown not to interfere, and is suitable for the routine determination of thiamine hydrochloride. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of thiamine hydrochloride in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations.

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Modern kinetic spectrophotometric procedure for estimation of furosemide drug as bulk form and in pharmaceuticals preparations

Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences ◽

10.1515/cipms-2016-0039 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 184-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohauman Mohammad Al-Rufaie

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Reference Method ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Aldehyde Group ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Colored Complex ◽

Spectrophotometric Procedure ◽

Primary Amino ◽

Kinetic Spectrophotometric ◽

Good Agreement

Abstract A simple, rapid, sensitive, inexpensive and easy to perform kinetic spectrophotometric procedure for the investigation of trace quantities of the drug, furosemide (FRO), as bulk and in the pharmaceutical preparations, has been improved upon. The enhanced method was depended on the fashioning of the Schiff ‘s base by the reaction of the aldehyde group present in the 5-sulfo salicylaldehyde reagent, and the primary amino group present in furosemide. The latter acts as a ligand for the formation of an intense colored complex with Co(II) in an acidic medium, with maximum absorption at 608 nm. In the work, kinetic spectrophotometrics were established through the fixed time method. Moreover, Beer’s law was applied on the range of concentration between 5-100 ppm, while the molar absorptivity and the Sandell sensitivity were 3.9295×104 l.mol−1cm−1, 0.008 μg.cm−2, respectively. The detection limit (LOD) was 2.133 µg/ml−1, and LOQ was 1.105 µg/ml−1. Ideal circumstances for all colour improvement were seen, and the suggested procedure has been effectively employed in investigating amounts of furosemide (FRO) in bulk forms and in pharmaceutical preparations (tablets, injection sample). Additives and general excipient materials did not affect the studied method. A statistical comparison between the results that were obtained from the reference method gave good agreement.

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Use of the Charge Transfer Reactions for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Risperidone in Pure and in Dosage Forms

Journal of Pharmaceutics ◽

10.1155/2013/792186 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Hemavathi Nagaraju Deepakumari ◽

Hosakere Doddarevanna Revanasiddappa

Keyword(s):

Charge Transfer ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Charge Transfer Complexes ◽

Chloranilic Acid ◽

Colored Complex ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Complexation Reactions

The aim of study was to develop and validate two simple, sensitive, and extraction-free spectrophotometric methods for the estimation of risperidone in both pure and pharmaceutical preparations. They are based on the charge transfer complexation reactions between risperidone (RSP) as n-electron donor and p-chloranilic acid (p-CA) in method A and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in method B as π-acceptors. In method A, RSP reacts with p-CA in methanol to produce a bright pink-colored chromogen measured at 530 nm whereas, in method B, RSP reacts with DDQ in dichloromethane to form orange-colored complex with a maximum absorption at 460 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 0–25 and 0–50 μg/mL with molar absorptivity of and L/moL/cm for RSP in methods A and B, respectively. The effects of variables such as reagents, time, and stability of the charge transfer complexes were investigated to optimize the procedures. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the determination of RSP in pharmaceutical formulations. Results indicate that the methods are accurate, precise, and reproducible (relative standard deviation %).

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Nitroso-R-salt as a sensitive spectrophotometric reagent for the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.6.3.570-577 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 570-577

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Calibration Graph ◽

Subsequent Reaction ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Colored Complex ◽

British Pharmacopoeia

Nitroso-R-salt is proposed as a sensitive spectrophotometric reagent for the determination of paracetamol in aqueous solution. The method is based on the reaction of paracetamol with iron(III) and subsequent reaction with nitroso-R-salt to yield a green colored complex with maximum absorption at 720 nm. Optimization of the experimental conditions was described. The calibration graph was linear in the concentration range of 0.1 – 2.0 ?g mL-1 paracetamol with a molar absorptivity of 6.9 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations without any interference from common excipients. The method has been statistically evaluated with British Pharmacopoeia method and no statistical difference between methods was found at the 95% confidence level.

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A sensitive spectrophotometric determination of tadalafil in pharmaceutical preparations and industrial wastewater samples

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.10.3.1005-1013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 1005-1013 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Industrial Wastewater ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Average Recovery ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Wastewater Samples ◽

Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method

A simple, accurate, precise, rapid, economical and a high sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of tadalafil in pharmaceutical preparations and industrial wastewater samples, which shows a maximum absorbance at 204 nm in 1:1 ethanol-water. Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 1-7?g/ mL ,with molar absorptivity and Sandell ? s sensitivity of 0.783x105l/mol.cm and 4.97 ng/cm2respectively, relative standard deviation of the method was less than 1.7%, and accuracy (average recovery %) was 100 ± 0. 13. The limits of detection and quantitation are 0.18 and 0.54 µg .ml-1, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of tadalafil in some pharmaceutical formulations (tablets) and industrial wastewater samples. The proposed method was validated by sensitivity and precision which proves suitability for the routine analysis of tadalafil in true samples.

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Spectrophotometric and RP-HPLC Methods for Determining Cefotaxime Sodium in Pharmaceutical Preparations

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2020.22524 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 1314-1320

Author(s):

Lamya A. Sarsam ◽

Salim A. Mohammed ◽

Sahar A. Fathe

Keyword(s):

Limit Of Detection ◽

Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Hplc Method ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Rp Hplc ◽

Relative Standard

A rapid, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric and RP-HPLC methods have been developed for the quantitative determination of cefotaxime-Na in both pure and dosage forms. The spectrophotometric method was based on diazotization of cefotaxime-Na and then coupling with 8-hydroxyquinoline in an alkaline medium. The resulting azo dye exhibited maximum absorption at 551 nm with a molar absorptivity of 0.597 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1. Beer′s law was obeyed over the range 10-700 μg/25 mL (i.e. 0.4-28.0 ppm) with an excellent determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9993). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.0194 and 0.3765 μg mL-1, respectively. The recoveries were obtained in the range 97.3-102.5% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was better than ± 1.56. The HPLC method has been developed for the determination of cefotaxime-Na. The analysis were carried out on a C18 column and a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer solution (0.024M KH2PO4 and 0.01M H3PO4) at pH 3.5 in the ratio of 60:40 (v:v), with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1 and UV detection at 258 nm. The proposed method showed good linearity (in a range of concentration 1.0-200 μg mL-1. The recovery percent and a relative standard deviations were found in the range 96 to 104.8% and ± 0.017 to ± 0.031%, respectively. Both methods were applied successfully to the assay of cefotaxime-Na in commercial injection preparations.

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Colorimetric Assay of Cimetidine in the Presence of Its Oxidative Degradates

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/92.2.382 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 382-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alaa S Amin ◽

Hassan A Dessouki ◽

Sayed A Shama ◽

Eslam A Gouda

Keyword(s):

Rhodamine 6G ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Colorimetric Assay ◽

Oxidative Degradation ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Stoichiometric Ratio ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Chromotrope 2R

Abstract Three simple, accurate, and sensitive colorimetric methods for the determination of cimetidine (Cim) in pure form, in dosage forms, and in the presence of its oxidative degradates were developed. These methods are indirect, involve the addition of excess oxidant N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) for method A; cerric sulfate Ce(SO4)2 for methods B and C of known concentration in acid medium to Cim, and the determination of the unreacted oxidant by measurement of the decrease in absorbance of amaranth dye for method A, chromotrope 2R for method B, and rhodamine 6G, for method C at a suitable maximum wavelength, max: 520, 528, and 525 nm, for the 3 methods, respectively. Regression analysis of the Beer plots showed good correlation in the concentration ranges of 0.24.4 g/mL for method A, and 0.23.4 g/mL for methods B and C. The apparent molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, and detection and quantitation limits were evaluated. The stoichiometric ratio between the drug (Cim) and the oxidant (NBS or Ce 4) was estimated. The validity of the proposed methods was tested by analyzing pure and dosage forms containing Cim with relative standard deviation 1.18. The proposed methods could successfully determine the studied drug with varying excess of its oxidative degradation products, with recovery between 99.2 and 101.8, 100.2 and 102.8, and 99.8 and 102.0 for methods AC, respectively.

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Estimation of thiamine hydrochloride and sulphite using charge transfer complex reaction

Samarra Journal of Pure and Applied Science ◽

10.54153/sjpas.2020.v2i3.51 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 49-61

Author(s):

Basima Ahmed Abed Al-Hadi Saleem

Keyword(s):

Present Method ◽

Charge Transfer Complex ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Thiamine Hydrochloride ◽

Complex Reaction ◽

Average Recovery ◽

Method Accuracy

A new spectrophotometric method is used for estimating Thiamine hydrochloride in its pure form and pharmaceutical formulations, the present method depends on the reaction between Thiamine hydrochloride and chrome azurol S to form a red complex which exhibit maximum absorption at 510 nm, the addition of Sulphite to the resulted red complex is bleaching it and this step was used for the determination of Sulphite which is considered an attacker of Thiamine hydrochloride, therefore, this method was developed for determination of Thiamine hydrochloride in presence of Sulphite. The linearity of the proposed method was obeyed Beer’s law from 2 to 48 and 0.04 to 2.4 ppm for Thiamine hydrochloride and Sulphite respectively. Also, the method sensitivity was measured by molar absorptivity values 5.9×104 l.mol-1.cm-1 and 1.68×104 l.mol-1.cm-1 for Thiamine hydrochloride and Sulphite respectively. The present method accuracy (average recovery) 100.06% and 100.04% the precision (RSD) of the method is ±0.98 - ±1.27% and ±0.76 - ±1.47 of Thiamine hydrochloride and Sulphite respectively. This method was applied for the estimation of B1 and SO32- in pharmaceutical preparations and various water samples respectively.

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Determination of Meropenem by Spectrophotometric-Application to Pharmaceutical Preparations

Tikrit Journal of Pure Science ◽

10.25130/j.v25i1.938 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Nada A. Khalil ◽

Walada H. Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Charge Transfer Complex ◽

Concentration Level ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Better Than

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was described for the determination of Meropenem in pure and in pharmaceutical formulations. 2,3 dichloro 5,6 dicyano 1,4 benzoquinone(DDQ)has been used for determination of meropenem by formation of charge transfer complex measured at 345 nm.Beer᾽s law is obeyed in the concentration range of (0.625-12.5µg/ml) The molar absorptivity (2.3889×104)l.mol1-.cm1-,Sandellʹs sensitivity index is 0.0161µg.cm2-,The method is precise (relative standard deviation RSD% is better than ±3.32%) and accurate (relative error in the range of -0.97 to-0.60%) depending on the concentration level. The method was applied succefully to the assay of Meropenem in pharmaceutical preparation in the form of injection. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.25.2020.012

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Spectrophotometric Determination of Chromium Using Indigo Carmine -Application in Various Samples

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.13.3.556-567 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 556-567

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Indigo Carmine ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Measured Intensity ◽

Chromium Vi ◽

Straight Line ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Versus Solution

A rapid, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of chromium is studied. The method is based on the interaction of chromium with indigo carmine dye in acidic medium and the presence of oxalates as a catalyst for interaction, and after studying the absorption spectrum of the solution resulting observed decrease in the intensity of the absorption. As happened (Bleaching) for color dye, this palace and directly proportional to the chromium (VI) amount was measured intensity of the absorption versus solution was figurehead at a wavelength of 610 nm. A plot of absorbance with chromium (VI) concentration gives a straight line indicating that Beer’s law has been obeyed over the range of 0.5 -70 µg /25 ml, i.e., 0.02- 2.8 ppm with a molar absorptivity of chromium (VI) 1.71? 104 l.mol-1.cm-1, Sandell’s sensitivity index of 0.0030 µg.cm-2 .The detection limit of chromium was (DL) 0.0012 µg.mL-1 and a relative standard deviation of ? (0.70 -1.86)% depended on the concentration level. The method is developed for the determination of chromium(III) and has been successfully applied to the determination of chromium in various water samples, Pharmaceutical preparations ,standard rock sample of (MRG-1).

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Eco- Friendly Method for the Estimation of Warfarin Sodium in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Environmental Wastewater Samples

10.47363/jmhc/2021(3)155 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Nief Rahman Ahmed ◽

Keyword(s):

Industrial Wastewater ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Average Recovery ◽

Warfarin Sodium ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Wastewater Samples

A simple, precise, accurate, rapid, economical and sensitive ultraviolet spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of warfarin sodium in pharmaceutical preparations and environmental wastewater samples, which shows maximum absorbance at 310 nm in distilled water. Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 2-30μg/ ml ,with molar absorptivity of 1.1 ×104 L.mol-1.cm-1 , relative standard deviation of the method was less than 1.8%, and accuracy (average recovery %) was 100 ± 1.0 . The method was successfully applied to the determination of warfarin sodium in some pharmaceutical formulations (Tablets) and industrial wastewater samples. The proposed method was validated by sensitivity and precision which proves suitability for the routine analysis of warfarin sodium in true samples.

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