scholarly journals Eyewitnesses’ Visual Recollection in Suspect Identification by using Facial Appearance Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 0190
Author(s):  
Horkaew Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Appearance Model ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Vision Development ◽  
Asymmetric Warfare ◽  
Suspect Identification ◽  
Imaging Science ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Main Shortcoming

Facial recognition has been an active field of imaging science. With the recent progresses in computer vision development, it is extensively applied in various areas, especially in law enforcement and security. Human face is a viable biometric that could be effectively used in both identification and verification. Thus far, regardless of a facial model and relevant metrics employed, its main shortcoming is that it requires a facial image, against which comparison is made. Therefore, closed circuit televisions and a facial database are always needed in an operational system. For the last few decades, unfortunately, we have experienced an emergence of asymmetric warfare, where acts of terrorism are often committed in secluded area with no camera installed and possibly by persons whose photos have never been kept in any official database prior to the event. During subsequent investigations, the authorities thus had to rely on traumatized and frustrated witnesses, whose testimonial accounts regarding suspect’s appearance are dubious and often misleading. To address this issue, this paper presents an application of a statistical appearance model of human face in assisting suspect identification based on witness’s visual recollection. An online prototype system was implemented to demonstrate its core functionalities. Both visual and numerical assessments reported herein evidentially indicated potential benefits of the system for the intended purpose.

Laser-Based Measurement of Over Dimensional Freight Rail Shipments

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan W. Schlake ◽  
Brian S. Daniel ◽  
Ron Voorheis
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Reference Target ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Multiple Measurements ◽  
Current Measuring ◽  
Time Required

In pursuit of improved safety, Norfolk Southern Corp. (NS) has partnered with Amberg Technologies to explore the potential benefits of a laser-based measurement system for measuring over dimensional freight rail shipments. Shipments that do not fall within a standard geometric envelope, denoted as Plate B in the Association of American Railroads (AAR) Open Top Loading Rules [1], are considered to be over dimensional, or High-Wide Loads (HWLs). Extending beyond the limits of the Plate B diagram, these loads are not permitted in unrestricted interchange service. Instead, they must be measured both at points of origin and at interchange points. For US Class I Railroads, the de facto method for measuring HWLs requires mechanical personnel to either climb on the equipment or use a ladder and physically measure the overall height and width of the load. Using a tape measure, plumb line, and 6-foot level, car inspectors, or carmen, must often make multiple measurements to determine the height or width of a critical point on the load. The summation of these measurements can be subject to mathematical human error. In addition to the inherent limitations with regards to accuracy and efficiency, this method of measurement presents considerable safety challenges. The objective of the project was to develop a portable, cost-effective and accurate measurement system to improve the day-to-day operational process of measuring HWLs and reduce human exposure to railyard hazards. Norfolk Southern worked closely with Amberg Technologies to provide a clear overview of the current measuring methods, requirements, challenges and risks associated with HWLs. Amberg then developed a prototype system (with patent pending) and successful tests have been completed at both a point of origin for NS shipments and at a location where HWLs are received at interchange. The measuring system consists of a tripod mounted laser, a specially designed track reference target (TRT) and software designed specifically for HWL measurements. The system allows car inspectors to take measurements from a safe, strategic location away from the car. As a result, this system eliminates the need to climb on the equipment or a ladder and greatly reduces the amount of time spent on and around live tracks. In addition, initial tests indicate that this technology reduces the labor time required to measure HWLs by as much as one half while improving measurement accuracy. These tests have demonstrated that a laser-based system has the potential to greatly improve the safety, efficiency and accuracy associated with measuring HWLs.

Face Recognition with Active Appearance Model (AAM)

2013 ◽  
pp. 1124-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycia Barros de Lima Klavdianos ◽  
Lourdes Mattos Brasil ◽  
Jairo Simão Santana Melo
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Face Recognition ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Appearance Model ◽  
Active Appearance Model ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Active Appearance ◽  
Human Faces

Recognition of human faces has been a fascinating subject in research field for many years. It is considered a multidisciplinary field because it includes understanding different domains such as psychology, neuroscience, computer vision, artificial intelligence, mathematics, and many others. Human face perception is intriguing and draws our attention because we accomplish the task so well that we hope to one day witness a machine performing the same task in a similar or better way. This chapter aims to provide a systematic and practical approach regarding to one of the most current techniques applied on face recognition, known as AAM (Active Appearance Model). AAM method is addressed considering 2D face processing only. This chapter doesn’t cover the entire theme, but offers to the reader the necessary tools to construct a consistent and productive pathway toward this involving subject.

scholarly journals Does online anonymity boost illegal market trading?

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Aldridge
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Illegal Market ◽  
Online Anonymity ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Drug Sellers

Anonymity allows the online trade in illegal products and services on cryptomarkets to flourish in spite of being enacted in a public location. Bolstered by the extensive media coverage of the cryptomarket trade in drugs, fraud and weapons, these platforms may function as a kind of criminal ‘gateway’, and in so doing facilitate – or indeed amplify – criminality. I argue, however, that researchers must establish – not assume – that the criminality facilitated by online anonymity will exclusively and uniformly produce more harmful outcomes. I consider here two possibilities in connection to the cryptomarket trade in illegal drugs: reduced drug market violence and reduced drug harms to users. Whether these potential ‘benefits’ are viewed as valuable will vary and depend substantially on the perspective and interests of the observer, including drug sellers, drug buyers, law enforcement officials, and academic researchers.

Exploring law enforcement and public health as a collective impact initiative: lessons learned from Tasmania as a case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Julian ◽  
Isabelle Bartkowiak-Théron ◽  
Jackie Hallam ◽  
Clarissa Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
State Level ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Collective Impact ◽  
Impact Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mapping Process ◽  
Potential Benefits

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential benefits as well as some of the practical barriers to the implementation of a collective impact initiative in law enforcement and public health (LEPH) in Tasmania, Australia. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a review of programs, agencies and initiatives that are at the intersection of LEPH in Tasmania, through an analysis of the findings in evaluation reports, and the views of practitioners identified at a workshop on LEPH held at a national AOD conference and facilitated by the authors. Findings The strengths of collective impact initiatives, particularly in LEPH, are presented and some weaknesses identified. Some major obstacles to the consolidation of LEPH initiatives include siloed ways of working and budgets, lack of leadership and political will. Some progress has been made in addressing these weaknesses, although addressing complex social problems by moving beyond inter-agency collaboration toward an integrated model of service provision remains challenging. Practical implications The authors argue that there are practical benefits to the adoption of a collective impact model to address problems in Tasmania that lie at the nexus between LEPH. In reviewing existing collaborations, the authors demonstrate the value of a structural mapping process to identify ways forward for government and non-government agencies that are inclined to go further in merging the two disciplinary areas. The authors offer some suggestions with respect to identifying the preconditions for a collective impact model and how to build on these to initiate action. Originality/value A significant proportion of the literature on LEPH remains at a conceptual and theoretical level. This contribution highlights some practical issues while looking at existing examples of collaboration across LEPH at a state level in Australia, and starts mapping a way forward for constructing more integrative LEPH initiatives.

scholarly journals Mobile technology-enhanced asset maintenance in an SME

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Stefan Bankosz ◽  
John Kerins
Keyword(s):  
Information Management ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Data Capture ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Food Manufacturing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potential Benefits

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a prototype system to demonstrate the potential benefits of deploying mobile technology to enhance asset maintenance processes in a small food manufacturing plant. Design/methodology/approach – Design, development and deployment of a solution using open-source resources aimed at demonstrating improved asset maintenance functionality to principal stakeholders in a food manufacturing plant. Findings – The development of a prototype system supporting user interaction via a mobile phone demonstrates the potential benefits of more flexible data capture and improved information management which offer clear advantages over the limitations imposed by a stand-alone terminal. Research limitations/implications – The solution was developed as a prototype. In this respect it serves to illustrate system benefits but more work is needed to extend system functionality. Practical implications – Issues concerning data security and questions surrounding a suitable deployment platform would need to be addressed in deploying this technology. Originality/value – The research demonstrates that mobile technology can successfully be utilised to enhance asset maintenance in a small manufacturing plant by improving data capture and information management. These initiatives are likely to be of interest to other SMEs seeking to enhance asset maintenance processes.

A case for the use of cyber-systemics to combat financial crime in Australia

Kybernetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Walker-Munro
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Financial Crime ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Systemic Design

Purpose Financial crime costs the world economy more than $1tn. Yet policing responses continue to apply traditional law enforcement methods to detect, identify and disrupt criminal actors in financial systems. The purpose of this paper is to challenge existing thinking around law enforcement practices in financial crime within an Australian context, by presenting an alternative model grounded in management cybernetics and systemic design (SD), which the author terms “cyber-systemics”. Design/methodology/approach This study reflects on prior research work across cybernetics and SD to suggest an integrated approach as a conceptually useful basis for considering regulation of financial crime, and to demonstrate utility using a case study. Findings The Fintel Alliance between financial crime regulators and financial institutions in Australia demonstrates a strong connection with, and example of, this study’s cyber-systemic regulatory framework. It will be demonstrated that the form of co-design framework offered under cyber-systemics is both consistent with cybernetic and SD literature, but also a means of avoiding regulatory disconnection in times of change and disruption. This study also invites consideration of how future forms of governance might be structured using cyber-systemics as a conceptual backbone. Research limitations/implications This work proposes a novel methodology at odds with traditional law enforcement ways of doing, inevitably requiring a change of regulatory mindset. In addition, this paper is purely conceptual and therefore more research on an empirical basis is required to prove the potential benefits in a real-world regulatory environment. Originality/value This is (to the author’s knowledge) the first conceptual exploration of blending SD and management cybernetics in the field of criminal law regulation.

Integrating Visual Representaiton of Knowledge with Learnig Management Syatems

2011 ◽  
pp. 21-44
Author(s):  
John W. Coffey
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Learning Management Systems ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Instructional Resources ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Underlying Basis ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Explicit Realization

After a review of literature pertaining to representative constituent parts of contemporary learning management systems (LMS) and features of other systems that support visual representations of information and knowledge in support of learning, a summarization of desirable design elements for a system that is meant to support distance learning is developed and elaborated. These elements include the potential benefits of having an explicit realization of a viable pedagogical theory as the underlying basis for the software, the possible benefits of integrating a variety of capabilities in as simple and usable a fashion as possible, the value of presenting a customizable interface, and the desirability of providing for sharing and reuse of instructional resources. The chapter concludes with a description of a prototype system that embodies many of the principles laid out in the paper.

Research into Human Face Recognition Algorithm Based on Active Appearance Model Feature Positioning

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 7554-7563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siming Meng
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Appearance Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Active Appearance Model ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Human Face Recognition ◽  
Active Appearance ◽  
The Moment

Active Appearance Model (AAM) is a valid statistical algorithm for human face alignment, which composes of two parts, namely AAM sub-space model and AAM searching process. AAM has three sub-spaces, namely form sub-space, texture sub-space and surface sub-face. As it is stated above, AAM is built on the dot distribution model. Different from ASM, it not only conducts statistical analysis of textures through the shape information, but also explores the connection between the shape and the texture. During the training period, it mainly targets at finding out the connection between model parameter changes and changes of shapes and textures. In terms of new image searching, model parameters can be continuously adjusted according to the connection so as to make the composite image approximate the new one as much as possible. The shape and the texture at the moment are regarded at the shape and the texture of the new image.

scholarly journals TeleGam: Combining Visualization and Verbalization for Interpretable Machine Learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Hohman ◽  
Arjun Srinivasan ◽  
Steven M. Drucker
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Interpretable Machine Learning ◽  
User Expectations ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Hard Problems ◽  
Key Aspects

While machine learning (ML) continues to find success in solving previously-thought hard problems, interpreting and exploring ML models remains challenging. Recent work has shown that visualizations are a powerful tool to aid debugging, analyzing, and interpreting ML models. However, depending on the complexity of the model (e.g., number of features), interpreting these visualizations can be difficult and may require additional expertise. Alternatively, textual descriptions, or verbalizations, can be a simple, yet effective way to communicate or summarize key aspects about a model, such as the overall trend in a model’s predictions or comparisons between pairs of data instances. With the potential benefits of visualizations and verbalizations in mind, we explore how the two can be combined to aid ML interpretability. Specifically, we present a prototype system, TeleGam, that demonstrates how visualizations and verbalizations can collectively support interactive exploration of ML models, for example, generalized additive models (GAMs). We describe TeleGam’s interface and underlying heuristics to generate the verbalizations. We conclude by discussing how TeleGam can serve as a platform to conduct future studies for understanding user expectations and designing novel interfaces for interpretable ML.

Professional Vision Narrative Review

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Rita Mangione ◽  
Maria Chiara Pettenati ◽  
Alessia Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Lesson Study ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Professional Vision ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Vision Development ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Teachers Professional Development ◽  
Meaningful Experiences ◽  
Teaching Video ◽  
Supporting Teachers

Using a Narrative-based Review approach in this chapter we aim to provide a system perspective on the use of videos in supporting teachers' professional development, with specific regard to professional vision. We first look at the ‘affordances' of video: the capacities that it adds to the toolkits of teacher educators. We then look specifically at evidence for the development of specific abilities related to the professional vision through video: capacity for reflection, noticing and other potential benefits. Later, we focus on how to analyse video so as to develop reflective practice in teachers by presenting meaningful experiences and studies. Lastly, we propose an in-depth view of the possibilities related to collaborative analysis for professional vision development paying specific attention to the more widely used and validated methodologies such as lesson-study, teaching video club, and the dialogic video cycle.

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