Specific Physiological Responses in Women with Severe Primary Dysmenorrhea during the Menstrual Cycle

The diseases related to female genital system are elaborated under umbrella of ‘Yonivyapad’ in Ayurveda. Vitiated Vatadosha causes pain during menstruation and subsides after menstruation. This condition is explained as Udavartini Yonivyapad in Charaka Samhita. Both Primary dysmenorrhea as per modern gynaecology and Udavartini Yonivyapad from Ayurveda show similarities in their signs and symptoms, especially pain during menstruation. After deliberation of Charaka Samhita, effect of oral administration of Rasnadi Ksheera and local Guduchyadi Kwatha Parisheka were considered for their textual reference on ‘Yonishoola’. For this single arm, open labelled, prospective study; 30 married females between the age of 18 to 42 years with Pratyatma Lakshana (cardinal features) of Udavartini Yonivyapad & signs and symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea were selected. They were given Rasnadi Ksheera 80 ml orally in Apana Kala (i.e. Before lunch & dinner) for two months. Guduchyadi Kwatha Parisheka (Vaginal Douche) was performed in Rutukala for 8 days duration (i.e. from 5th day of menstrual cycle to 12th day of menstrual cycle) for two consecutive cycles. The assessment was done on basis of standard parameters before treatment and after treatment. The subjective parameters such as Spasmodic pain in abdomen, Lumbo-sacral backache, Pain radiating to thigh, Vomiting, Constipation were assessed. The study data generated and collected was put to statistical analysis to reach to the final results and conclusions. It was concluded that oral administration of Rasnadi Ksheera and local Guduchyadi Kwatha Parisheka were highly effective in symptomatic management of Udavarta Yonivyapad W. S. R. to primary dysmenorrhea.

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Effects of repeated menstrual pain on empathic neural responses in women with primary dysmenorrhea across the menstrual cycle

Human Brain Mapping ◽

10.1002/hbm.25226 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 345-356

Author(s):

Chen Wang ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Wanghuan Dun ◽

Tian Zhang ◽

Jing Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Primary Dysmenorrhea ◽

Neural Responses ◽

Menstrual Pain

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Physiological responses to submaximal exercise at the mid-follicular, ovulatory and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0838.1991.tb00277.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 94-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

A. C. Hackney ◽

C. S. Curley ◽

B. J. Nicklas

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Submaximal Exercise

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Improving Adolescent Reproductive Health Through Dysmenorrhea Gymnastics Education at The PSBR Dormitory, Blitar City

Journal of Community Service for Health ◽

10.26699/jcsh.v2i1.art.p015-019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 015-019

Author(s):

Anita Rahmawati ◽

Thatit Nurmawati ◽

Nawang Wulandari ◽

Dita Yanuar

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Community Service ◽

Young Women ◽

Primary Dysmenorrhea ◽

General Body ◽

Adolescent Women ◽

Questions And Answers ◽

Adolescent Reproductive Health

Dysmenorrhea is often occurred at the beginning of menstruation, especially in adolescents. If left untreated, pain experienced by adolescents with primary dysmenorrhea could lead to serious problems that ultimately require health services and could also reduce quality of reproductive health and general body health. The aim of gymnastics activity is to improve the reproductive health of adolescent women through the provision of dysmenorrhea gymnastics education. The activity was divided into 2 sessions, lecture and practice. The first session were explanations, questions and answers about the menstrual cycle, dysmenorrhoea and how to prevent or treat dysmenorrhoea pain using dysmenorrhea gymnastics. The second one was gymnastics practice in the same time between community service team and all of the participants, where the service team was divided as gymnastics instructor and the others as facilitator who correct participants' exercise movements that were not right. This activity was carried out on young women at the PSBR dormitory in Blitar City. Implementation was in the March 2021 and followed by 35 teenagers. The results of this activity indicated that all of the participants were able to follow and carry out activities that have been planned properly. Dysmenorrhea gymnastics were an easy, cheap and safe way to reduce and prevent dysmenorrhea pain so that it could be an independent dysmenorrhea therapeutics option for adolescents, especially teenagers in the PSBR dormitory in Blitar City.

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Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea: Preliminary Results of a Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial

Pain Medicine ◽

10.1093/pm/pnz202 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 3615-3623 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rodrigo Pegado ◽

Luana Karyne Silva ◽

Hégila da Silva Dantas ◽

Hialison Andrade Câmara ◽

Karime Andrade Mescouto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Direct Current ◽

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Group Intervention ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Primary Dysmenorrhea ◽

Double Blind ◽

Direct Current Stimulation

Abstract Objective The aim of this trial was to investigate the effects of five consecutive sessions of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the motor cortex (M1) on pain, mood, and physical performance in patients with primary dysmenorrhea (PDM). Design This is a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Subjects Twenty-two participants with PDM according to the No. 345-PDM Consensus Guideline were included. Methods Eleven active treatment and 11 sham stimulation patients received five applications over a one-week period. The primary outcome measures were pain evaluated by numeric rating scale (NRS) and McGill Questionnaire score. Secondary outcomes measures were responses to the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), grip strength, and six-minute walk test (6MWT). Baseline data were performed during the first menstrual cycle, and during the second menstrual cycle, participants were conducted to tDCS treatment, and postintervention data were collected. Results The intervention provided significant improvements on NRS in active tDCS, shown as an interaction between group intervention vs pre/postintervention vs days of menstrual cycle (Wald x2 = 10.54, P = 0.005), main effect of days of menstrual cycle (Wald x2 = 25.42, P < 0.001), and pre/postintervention (Wald x2 = 6.97, P = 0.008). McGill showed an interaction effect between pre/postintervention and group of stimulation (Wald x2 = 18.45, P = 0.001), with a large reduction in active tDCS (P < 0.001, d = 0.75). Psychological and functional outcomes did not differ between groups or pre/postintervention. Conclusions tDCS could provide pain relief in subjects with PDM. These results provide some preliminary evidence for the potential role of tDCS as a contributor to the management of symptoms of PDM.

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Rape avoidance over the menstrual cycle: An examination of the underlying psychological and physiological mechanisms

10.31234/osf.io/yab2u ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hannah Ryder ◽

John Maltby ◽

Heather D Flowe

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Risk Aversion ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Past Research ◽

Hormonal Contraceptive ◽

Physiological Mechanisms ◽

Fertility Status ◽

Rape Avoidance ◽

Physical Danger ◽

Fertile Women

Fertile women may have inherent rape-avoidance mechanisms according to past research, with women differentially responding to a scenario implying rape compared to a control scenario when fertile (Petralia & Gallup, 2002). However, it is unclear whether these results mean that fertile women are responding to rape cues specifically, or physical danger cues more generally. Furthermore, the psychological and physiological mechanisms that motivate risk aversion are unknown. In this study, naturally cycling (NC) and hormonal contraceptive (HC) using females (N = 32) participated at two specific points of their menstrual cycle; during a phase of low and peak fertility in NC participants. Psychological and physiological responses to Petralia and Gallup’s (2002) original two scenarios, as well as three new scenarios, varying in risk of rape versus physical danger, were measured. HC participants’ responses did not fluctuate across testing sessions. For NC participants, there was an interaction between fertility status and scenario-type: handgrip was stronger for women when fertile following all scenarios involving males, even if there was no risk of rape or physical danger depicted. The results, therefore, indicate women are more responsive to scenarios involving men during peak fertility.

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