Subject-Oriented Approach to the Analysis of the Crisis of Technogenic Civilization

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Vladimir E. Lepskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Life Safety ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Scientific Rationality ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Oriented Approach

The paper analyzes the logic of the formation of a subject-oriented approach, which includes activity and subject-activity approaches, on the basis of ideas about scientific rationality. The model of technogenic civilization ignores the subject-oriented approach. The subject-oriented approach is useful for ana­lyzing the crisis of technogenic civilization and searching for philosophical and methodological foundations for the formation of a model of post-techno­genic civilization. The focus is on the problems of organizing hybrid reality environments, including integrated subjectness, physical and digital realities, including the realities of artificial intelligence. The ontological paradox of the model of a technogenic civilization is formulated, which limits the control of the use of digital technologies and artificial intelligence in the interests of ensuring life, safety and development of social systems. The development and implementation of digital technologies and artificial intelligence is carried out in their own paradigms (morphological, logical, neurocybernetic, weak, strong, general artificial intelligence, etc.) in isolation from social values and paradigms of social systems. The technocratic approach leaves out of the con­trol of society the potential negative consequences of the use of digital tech­nologies and artificial intelligence and makes it difficult to develop and im­plement these technologies in the interests of the development and security of mankind. The problem of integrating the paradigms of social systems and artificial intelligence is urgent. Creation of appropriate conceptual and techno­logical levels and the establishment of an interface between them. To solve this problem on the basis of a subject-oriented approach, it is proposed to use a model of self-developing poly-subject (reflexive-active) environments (third-order post-non-classical cybernetics). The consequences of ignoring the sub­ject-oriented approach are illustrated by the example overcoming the threats of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Reflexion of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Subject-Oriented Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Vladimir E. Lepskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Scientific Rationality ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Descriptive Model ◽  
World Community ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Reflexive Analysis ◽  
Weak Influence ◽  
Oriented Approach

The uniqueness of the C0VID-19 pandemic lies in the fact that it requires concerted action by all mankind to effectively overcome it. The selfishness of individual subjects of the world community in neutralizing the threats of the pandemic, as well as the weak influence of world structures (UN, WHO, etc.), was clearly manifested. The article provides a reflexive analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic from the standpoint of modern philosophical ideas about scientific rationality (post-nonclassical scientific rationality), in which the subject-oriented approach is the basic one. On the example of the descriptive model of the subject, which presents five basic characteristics: purposefulness, reflexivity, communication, sociality and the ability to develop, an analysis of the subjectivity of humanity in the process of overcoming the pandemic is carried out. The COVID-19 pandemic has once again demonstrated the lack of subjectivity of humanity in ensuring its life and development. It is substantiated that the globalist project is one of the main reasons for the negative impact on the formation of human subjectivity. The influence on the subjectivity of mankind of the model of a technogenic civilization, used as a means in the implementation of a globalist project, is analyzed. It is shown that the key problem for the transition to post-technogenic civilization is the problem of the formation of the subjectivity of human development. A variant of the transition to the model of post-technogenic civilization on the basis of post-nonclassical cybernetics of self-developing poly-subject environments — ontological cybernetics of the third order is proposed.

scholarly journals Philosophical-Methodological Basis for the Formation of Third-Order Cybernetics

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Lepskiy
Keyword(s):  
Social Systems ◽  
Scientific Rationality ◽  
Third Order ◽  
External Observer ◽  
Promising Direction ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Communication Space ◽  
Oriented Approach ◽  
Observing Systems

In the paper, a philosophical and methodological analysis of the evolution of cybernetics in the context of the development of scientific rationality is carried out. The evolution of cybernetics is represented as a movement from the methodology of “observable systems” (N. Wiener) and to the methodology of “observing systems” (von Foerster) and to the methodology of self-developing reflexive-active environments. Special attention is paid to the formation of a new promising direction for post-non-classical cybernetics of self-developing poly-subject (reflexive-active) environments, which, given the correlation with previous stages of cybernetics development (with classical and non-classical scientific rationality), we define as thirdorder cybernetics. The analysis of the basics of the formation of third-order cybernetics was carried out with consideration of interrelated aspects: philosophical, methodological, theoretical, and methodical. We also provide model of self-developing poly-subject (reflexive-active) environments as well as a system of ontologies, defining the mechanisms of functioning of such self-organizing poly-subject environments and active elements that organize the communication space (natural, artificial intelligence, and combined formations). The ontology system also makes it possible to integrate cybernetics of the first, second, and third order. Some sociohumanitarian trends in the development of cybernetics are considered: from an external observer to a distributed observer; from monodisciplinary to transdisciplinary approaches; from activity approach to subject-activity one, and further to subject-oriented approach; from information to active knowledge; from ethics of goals to ethics of strategic subjects. Potential opportunities for using third-order cybernetics are described, in order to improve the quality of solving a number of important scientific and practical problems of controlling social systems. Information is provided on the directions of approbation of a third-order cybernetics concept for improving state administration, based on a system of distributed situational centers, and there is its approbation at international scientific conferences.

scholarly journals Environmental terrorism - victimological aspects and preventive mechanisms

Temida ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-89
Author(s):  
Ana Batricevic ◽  
Nikola Paunovic
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Human Life ◽  
National Level ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Life Safety ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Subject

Defined extensively as committing ecological criminal offences with the intention to achieve political goals, environmental terrorism is a global threat to environment, human life, safety and health, as well as to the survival of flora and fauna. Environmental terrorism contains the elements of environmental crime and the elements of terrorism, which makes the position of its victims particularly complex. The subject of this paper includes defining environmental terrorism, analysing its phenomenology. Since this form of crime simultaneously harms and endangers environment, material goods, human life, safety and health, flora and fauna, the subject also comprises the study of the specific position of its victims. It is emphasised that longlasting and extensive consequences of ecological criminal offences make it difficult to determine promptly the victims of this form of crime, as well as that its victims are victimised twice: due to terrorist attack and due to negative consequences of ecological criminal offences (such as severe health damage) often emerging after several years. The subject covers the analysis of current international legal mechanisms for the prevention and protection of environmental terrorism victims? rights, including those dealing with terrorism in general as well as those relevant to the protection of environment from negative anthropogenic factors. Finally, the subject contains a critical analysis of legislative framework of the Republic of Serbia pertinent to the prevention and sanctioning of environmental terrorism, with focus on the provisions of current Criminal Code prescribing ecological criminal offences and terrorism. In order to achieve more precise tracking of the scope and dynamics of environmental terrorism and more adequate sanctioning compatible with its social hazard, the authors propose its incrimination as an independent criminal offence against humanity and other values protected by the international law. The purpose of this paper is to define environmental terrorism, analyse its forms and to examine current mechanisms for the prevention of victimisation from environmental terrorism and the protection of its victims? rights on international and national level. Moreover, the authors seek to contribute to the improvement of the quality of tracking and to the efficiency of prevention of victimization from environmental terrorism in Serbia by suggesting its incrimination as an independent criminal offence.

scholarly journals Theoretical aspects of digitalization in social management

Communicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
S. A. Ryumshin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Social Communications ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Social Management

The paper discusses the issues of digitalization of modern society. Within the framework of the system analysis of the subject of research, the author highlights the theoretical aspects of digitalization in social management, examines the historical background for digitalization; social management is represented through the categories of selfgovernment, organizational order, goal-setting, subject-subject interactions, management tools. In the system of social communications, digital technologies and artificial intelligence are presented by the author as a new socio-digital reality that transforms the environment of interaction. The author’s review of the main stages and markers of the development of digitalization made it possible to update the list of positive aspects in social management, as well as problems caused by the digitalization process.

Artificial Intelligence in Subject-Oriented Control Paradigms

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-101
Author(s):  
Vladimir E. Lepskiy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Control Subject ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
The Subject

The article discusses unresolved problems and limitations that arise with application of artificial intelligence (AI). These problems are largely related to the fact that ideas about AI are often formed without taking into account the control paradigms. The most common ones are paradigms that consider artificial intelligence not as means included in control activities or control paradigms, but as independent objects of research in the paradigms corresponding to the specifics of such objects. Such paradigms contribute to the development of certain areas of AI, but they also complicate their application in control processes and ignore many potential areas of AI that are relevant to the development of control problems. The organization of control processes is based on their specific paradigms (subjective, cybernetic, etc.) that set such specific requirements to AI implementations as well as to tasks in which it is advisable to use AI. Such control paradigms form tasks for AI, which contributes to successful practical application and development of AI as well as to mechanisms for controlling and neutralizing negative consequences. The author proposes a mechanism for interaction of subjects (persons) and active forms of AI (considered as pseudo-subjects). Taking into account the increasing role of reflexive activity in the processes of social control, the article considers the place and role of AI in ensuring reflexive activity in the subject paradigms of control. Analysis of trends in the development of controlling from the standpoint of the development of scientific rationality (classical, non-classical, and post-non-classical) allows us to conclude that each subject paradigm of control (“subject - object,” “subject - subject,” and “subject - meta-subject”) has its own specifics, which should be considered when developing active forms of AI.

Evolution of cybernetics: philosophical and methodological analysis

Kybernetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Lepskiy
Keyword(s):  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Scientific Rationality ◽  
Third Order ◽  
External Observer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Theoretical Conceptualization ◽  
Observing Systems

Purpose The aim of this paper is to elaborate the connection between the evolution of cybernetics and the development of scientific rationality (classical, non-classical, post-non-classical) and to emphasize the relevance of the formation of post-non-classical cybernetics for self-developing reflexive-active environment (the third-order cybernetics). Design/methodology/approach This paper includes interdisciplinary analysis of the evolution of cybernetics and possible directions of its development. Findings A connection between the types of scientific rationality (classical, non-classical and post-non-classical) and the stages of the development cybernetics is presented. Classical rationality is first-order cybernetics dealing with observed systems (an external observer). Non-classical rationality is second-order cybernetics dealing with observing systems (built-in observer). Post-non-classical rationality is third-order cybernetics dealing with the self-developing reflexive-active environment (distributed observer). Research limitations/implications This is an initial theoretical conceptualization, which needs a broader assessment and case studies. Practical implications This proposed direction for the analysis of cybernetics opens new approaches to social control on the basis of the subject-focused models and integration of traditional cybernetic tools. Social implications Third-order cybernetics will promote the development of civil society. Direct democracy receives new tools for development. Originality/value The value of this research is in the interdisciplinary analysis of the cybernetics evolution and in new possible directions for its development.

scholarly journals Legal Terminology in the Field of Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Ildar R. Begishev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Robotic Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
The Subject ◽  
End To End ◽  
And Robotics

The development of artificial intelligence and robotics technologies around the world is happening at a fairly rapid pace. The emergence of high-tech solutions and innovations entails the formation of legal terminology for breakthrough technologies. Among the most common terms today, it should be noted such categories as “artificial intelligence” and “robotics”, which are undoubtedly becoming the subject of legal regulation of relations in the field of end-to-end digital technologies.

scholarly journals Conceptual and mathematical models, methods, and technologies for the study of the digital transformation of economic and social systems: a literature review and research agenda (Part I)

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
A. S. Geyda ◽  
T. N. Gurieva ◽  
V. N. Naumov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject

The research review of the subject field on the research of the digital transformation of economic and social systems is carried out. The research includes two parts. In the frost part the conceptual and mathematical models based on them research considered to apply digital technologies for various types of activities. Based on the systematic use of the review of the subject field, a complex of “white spots” is revealed — inconsistencies of the conceptual and mathematical models necessary in practice, methods of mathematical research of digital transformation of systems of different types, on the one hand, and the available theoretical means for such research, on the other. A significant amount of such inconsistencies is caused by insufficient investigation of the complex of pragmatic, practical aspects of activity based on mathematical forecasting of the results of using modern (digital) technologies in systems of various types. We proved that a pragmatic mathematical study of activity could make it possible to design and improve the digital transformation of systems of different types. We could do such a study by evaluating the activity results, analyzing them using mathematical models, and then synthesizing the activity with mathematical methods based on the analysis of the effects of using information technologies. Such a synthesis can, for example, provide the best results of activities due to the choice of the composition and characteristics of digital technologies.

scholarly journals Transformation of management in the conditions of digitalization processes and artificial intelligence

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Petr Aleksandrovich Levchaev ◽  
Badar Khezazna
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Management Science ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Control Subsystem ◽  
Controlling Element ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this research consists in studying the influence of digitalization processes upon generally recognized (“classical”) management approaches, as a management science in a narrow sense, or the impact of control subsystem upon management subsystem for achieving the set goals (in a broad sense of understanding managerial impact). The object of this research is the transforming (under the influence of digital technologies) management science. The subject of this research is a set of conceptual economic, organizational and managerial relations established in the process of development and influence of digital technologies upon the basic provisions of management science. The author applies systemic, procedural and comprehensive scientific approaches with corresponding tools, as well as the theory of information objects. The following conclusions were made: 1) in the conditions of digitalization, increases the effectiveness of management decisions based on implementation of digital technologies, and in particularly of algorithms and capabilities of artificial intelligence; 2) polarization of society increases, which entails a very limited by a number of top management pyramid control subsystem, represented by the initiator, developer, controlling element, and the lower part – represented by service users, and object of management influence.; 3) management system becomes self-sufficient, since it already incorporates a set of all possible variables in implementation of managerial acts with regards to “formalized” object of influence. The action of object in predetermined digital environment forms the competences of existence therein, depriving an individual of the creative beginning and the ability to think and act independently; 4) paradigm of the classical school of management (with prevalence of personal communication skills for influencing the managed system) is replaced with the paradigm of formalized-algorithmized and depersonalized management of focus groups carried out by artificial intelligence.

Digitalization of Competition in the Insurance Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
D. V. Bryzgalov
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Sales Channels ◽  
Channel Competition ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the research is the influence of the insurance market digitalization on competition forms in insurance. The purpose of the research was to study the forms of competition and factors of competitiveness in the process of digitalization of insurance activities. The research findings revealed the specifics of competition between insurance companies in digital sales channels of insurance services, and identified groups of new factors in the competitiveness of insurance programs. The paper describes two models of the policyholder behavior typical for traditional and digital sales channels in the insurance market — classical and digital. It is concluded that the digitalization of the insurance market influences the competition between insurance companies making a shift towards the channel competition and contributing to the emergence of new competition factors for insurance programs developed with digital technologies.

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