Artificial Intelligence in Subject-Oriented Control Paradigms

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-101
Author(s):  
Vladimir E. Lepskiy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Control Subject ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
The Subject

The article discusses unresolved problems and limitations that arise with application of artificial intelligence (AI). These problems are largely related to the fact that ideas about AI are often formed without taking into account the control paradigms. The most common ones are paradigms that consider artificial intelligence not as means included in control activities or control paradigms, but as independent objects of research in the paradigms corresponding to the specifics of such objects. Such paradigms contribute to the development of certain areas of AI, but they also complicate their application in control processes and ignore many potential areas of AI that are relevant to the development of control problems. The organization of control processes is based on their specific paradigms (subjective, cybernetic, etc.) that set such specific requirements to AI implementations as well as to tasks in which it is advisable to use AI. Such control paradigms form tasks for AI, which contributes to successful practical application and development of AI as well as to mechanisms for controlling and neutralizing negative consequences. The author proposes a mechanism for interaction of subjects (persons) and active forms of AI (considered as pseudo-subjects). Taking into account the increasing role of reflexive activity in the processes of social control, the article considers the place and role of AI in ensuring reflexive activity in the subject paradigms of control. Analysis of trends in the development of controlling from the standpoint of the development of scientific rationality (classical, non-classical, and post-non-classical) allows us to conclude that each subject paradigm of control (“subject - object,” “subject - subject,” and “subject - meta-subject”) has its own specifics, which should be considered when developing active forms of AI.

scholarly journals Special features of designing a correction program for adolescents who have signs of psychosomatic disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Iryna ROZINA
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Psychosomatic Disorders ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
Correction Program ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of the research is related to the need for studying the character of psychosomatic disorders in adolescence, which is insufficiently investigated and requires more in-depth research, in particular designing a comprehensive program that includes a system of training exercises to overcome psychosomatic disorders. The problem of studying psychosomatic relationships is one of the most difficult problems of modern psychology and medicine, despite the fact that the close connection between mental and somatic has been studied for several centuries. Mental trauma is a leading cause of neuroses formation and progress, its pathogenic significance is determined by the complex interaction with many other factors being a result of an individual’s life, formation of his body and personality, especially in adolescence. The subject of the research is to study special features of psychosomatic disorders, as well as to design a program for adolescents with signs of neurotic disorders. The subject matter of the research is the peculiarities of psychosomatic disorders manifestation and neurotic signs in adolescence. The article presents a theoretical analysis of modern approaches in psychology to the study of psychosomatic disorders peculiarities, their classification, considering the signs of neurotic disorders in adolescence. The work analyzes age characteristics of psychosomatic disorders in adolescence. Modern adolescents are exposed to various stressors, to the impact of audiovisual information, school overload, extra classes, exams, and a special problem that is a change in quality of life and prevalence of alcoholism, smoking, drug addiction, especially drug addiction among adolescents. The complex of these factors has negative consequences both on a psychological and physical level. Most authors who study the causes of psychosomatic illnesses recognize the important role of parents in the development of mentally and physically healthy children. Many studies highlight the role of early mother-child relationships in the formation of psychosomatic pathology. Various violations of this relationship usually lead to abnormalities in a child’s development. (M. Mahler, E. T. Eidemiller, Yustitskis, D. Winnicott, M. Klein). The results of an empirical study aimed at identifying signs of psychosomatic disorders are considered. The following methods were used: observation, questionnaires, and such methods as diagnosis of neurotic disorders in adolescence (DND), diagnosis of the level of school anxiety by Phillips, “Non-existent animal” by M.Z. Drukarevich. The peculiarities of designing and testing the correction program, which is aimed at reducing the signs of neurotic manifestations in adolescence, are revealed. Objectives of the correction program are: searching for interaction of adolescents with society, finding and testing skills of effective response to external stimuli; increasing the level of self-esteem; removal of emotional tension; reducing anxiety. The results confirm the possibility of reducing the signs of neurotic manifestations of adolescents and help to delay or completely stop a possible personality disorder.

THEORETICAL DEFINITIONS FOR AUXILIARY CONCEPTS OF VARIOUS LEVELS OF ABSTRACTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Valentin Karpovich
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Logical Constraints

Theoretical knowledge may contain various levels of abstraction represented by logical constructions from the observed characteristics of objects from the subject area of the theory. The degree of abstractness can be de-scribed by the complexity of the structures obtained from the initial observational terms. Such auxiliary construc-tions are characterized as explicit or implicitdefinitions of theoretical concepts in terms of observational. One of the techniques for constructing such definitions is the operationalization of abstractions by a system of reduction sentences. In this case a theoretical concept is characterized as “open” and plays a role of logical and methodo-logical constraints for expanding the possible connections of the theoretical model with the help of concepts from the domain of intended practical application.

Methodological approaches to the formation of an internal control system in state institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Shahzod Khamrakulovich Nabiev ◽  
Elena Alekseevna Fedchenko
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Organizational Mechanisms

This article analyzes methodological approaches to the construction of internal control systems, evaluates the role of individual components and forms recommendations for improving the efficiency of the functioning of internal control subjects, both universal and those that find practical application in the activities of state institutions, whose organizational mechanisms need significant transformation, which is based on an effective internal control system that allows not only to quickly identify violations and shortcomings, but also to apply timely measures aimed at minimizing their negative consequences.

scholarly journals Digitalization as one of the aspects of establishment of post-New European culture and the subject of social design

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Vadim Markovich Rozin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Complex Object ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Social Design ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

This article examines digitalization in the context of culture and such prerequisites as building automated devices, concepts of human machinization, and projects of formalization of thinking. In this regard, particular attention is given to Leibniz's project of mathematization of thinking, as well as some other innovations ‒ construction of symbolic logic, programming, and Internet. The conclusion is drawn that digitalization is not a local phenomenon with clear boundaries, nor even a complex object, but rather an aspect and a cross-section of multiple processes and fields of life activity. Since digitalization is not reduced to the development of technical devices, but suggest the use of knowledge in various social, cultural and anthropological processes, the works on digitalization can be interpreted as pertinent to social design. The author discusses the task and object of the social project of digitalization, understanding of digitalization as a technology, distinguishing the three types of technology (narrow, broad, and sociocultural sense), sociocultural factors of digitalization, and possible negative consequences of digitalization. Moreover, from the perspective of interests of digitalization, the author reviews the concepts of building artificial intelligence and robotics; criticizes the reduction of natural intelligence, which represents a cultural-historical and social phenomenon, to artificial intelligence. The role of programming and miniaturization in construction of the machine psyche of robots is emphasized. The author claims that the project of digitalization should be correlated with the establishment of culture of of the future (“futureculture”) and work at the benefit of this culture.

scholarly journals Excise duties on alcohol and alcohol-containing products: fiscal importance, problems of taxation and ways for their solution

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Vladislavovna Kirillova
Keyword(s):  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Actual Production ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Excise Taxation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Production Output ◽  
Excise Duties

The subject of this research is the excise taxation of alcohol and alcohol-containing products. The author examines the fiscal role of excise alcohol and alcohol-containing products and carries out its assessment in the relative value. Special attention is given to the analysis of existing problems with regards to taxation of these products, as well as the measures aimed at improvement of taxation mechanism. The author notes that the key problems lie in misconduct of taxpayers due to application of illegal schemes and concealment of the actual production output, which leads to negative consequences in part of tax revenue. Having analyzed different views of the economists pertaining to the vectors of improvement of taxation mechanism, the author present the original conclusions and recommendations of the possible ways of addressing the problems. It is underlined that only the implementation of effective measures can help to active stable increase in tax revenue and decrease in the number of offences by participants of the market.

scholarly journals Poetry of Boris Kagermazov

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Naima Borisovna Bozieva
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Compositional Structure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Aesthetic Values ◽  
Artistic Skill

The subject of this article is the analysis of poetry of Boris Kagermazov. The object of this research is the genre, plot, composition, and thematic peculiarities the epic works of Boris Kagermazov. The goal of this article is to reveal the specific features of the poems, their compositional structure, novelties s in poetics, and role of this genre in the works of Boris Kagermazov. Detailed examination is conducted on peculiarities of the poems “Echo of the War”, “Grief and Anger”, “Harmonist”. Attention is given to the analysis of poetic theme and problematic of the poems, as well as to their composition and artistic skill of B. Kagermazov. The relevance of the selected topic is defined by the crucial role of B. Kagermazov in evolution of the genre of poem in the Kabardian-Circassian literature of the XX century, the depth of artistic conceptualization of the historical process, and embrace of the system of philosophical, spiritual- ethical, and aesthetic values of his ethnic group. The acquired results may serve as the theoretical foundation in the further examination of the works of B. Kagermazov and studying the Adyghe poetry, namely lyrical and lyrical-epic works; their practical application can be found in specialized courses, research works of the pedagogues, postgraduates and students. The conclusion is made on the novelties introduced by the poet in creation of original modifications of the poem, which is reflected in the diffusion of genres, simultaneous use of certain elements of lyrics, epic, and drama. The poet's artistic pursuits made significant contribution to enrichment of the national literature.

Subject-Oriented Approach to the Analysis of the Crisis of Technogenic Civilization

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Vladimir E. Lepskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Life Safety ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Scientific Rationality ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Oriented Approach

The paper analyzes the logic of the formation of a subject-oriented approach, which includes activity and subject-activity approaches, on the basis of ideas about scientific rationality. The model of technogenic civilization ignores the subject-oriented approach. The subject-oriented approach is useful for ana­lyzing the crisis of technogenic civilization and searching for philosophical and methodological foundations for the formation of a model of post-techno­genic civilization. The focus is on the problems of organizing hybrid reality environments, including integrated subjectness, physical and digital realities, including the realities of artificial intelligence. The ontological paradox of the model of a technogenic civilization is formulated, which limits the control of the use of digital technologies and artificial intelligence in the interests of ensuring life, safety and development of social systems. The development and implementation of digital technologies and artificial intelligence is carried out in their own paradigms (morphological, logical, neurocybernetic, weak, strong, general artificial intelligence, etc.) in isolation from social values and paradigms of social systems. The technocratic approach leaves out of the con­trol of society the potential negative consequences of the use of digital tech­nologies and artificial intelligence and makes it difficult to develop and im­plement these technologies in the interests of the development and security of mankind. The problem of integrating the paradigms of social systems and artificial intelligence is urgent. Creation of appropriate conceptual and techno­logical levels and the establishment of an interface between them. To solve this problem on the basis of a subject-oriented approach, it is proposed to use a model of self-developing poly-subject (reflexive-active) environments (third-order post-non-classical cybernetics). The consequences of ignoring the sub­ject-oriented approach are illustrated by the example overcoming the threats of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals To the question of «competence» in forensic medicine and forensic medical examination

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Igor` B. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
The Subject

In the article a problem concerning the concept of competence in application to forensic medicine as an educational discipline and as forensic examination, which is the most common type of legal enquiry, is first considered. Modern concepts of the role of law in the forensic medicine, of the subject of this medical field and of possibilities of forensic examination are given. The author comes to the conclusion that, unfortunately, nowadays the question of forensic medicine still belongs to the category of debatable questions. This fact does not permit to agree with a widely spread opinion stating that forensic medicine has completed its formation as a scientific discipline, besides, this opinion has negative consequences for the activity of law enforcement authorities first of all the activity associated with investigation of criminal cases, consideration of civil matters, cases of administrative violations, since the competence of forensic medicine in itself determines the competence of specialists in the field of forensic medicine. And, as it is known, the latter often determines the court judgment.

scholarly journals Defense Information - Semantic Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-269
Author(s):  
Rusi Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Protection ◽  
Security And Protection ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Data Structuring

The study focuses on the semantic aspects of information, the role of cognitive technologies in the time of information defense, the emergence of new concepts related to information security and protection, cybersecurity, and resilience. It can be argued that information is a complex quantity; measuring information means measuring complexity. Artificial intelligence and problem areas related to this area are also the subject of analysis. We are also looking for an answer to the link between cybernetics and cyber technology and to the popular term “cyber” that has recently become buzzword. Another aspect of the study is various models of data structuring and information protection from the point of view of modern strategies.

The role of agroholdings in the development of the economies of the regions of Russia

2018 ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Minaev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article analyzes the activities of agroholdings in the regions of the Russian Federation, reveales the factors of the diversity of agroholdings. The article gives the rating of the Russian Federation’s subjects by the number of largest agro holdings by profit, and by the number of largest agro-holdings by profit per unit of area of the subject is cited. It notes that the modern statistics of agriculture operates with indicators of the lower levels (agricultural organizations) without reference to companies, so it does not directly reflect data on agroholdings. A comparative analysis of the Russian Federation subjects in terms of the number of agricultural organizations that are not small business subjects, as well as the area of agricultural land attributable to organizations that are not small businesses. The author revealed the positive and negative consequences of the activities of agroholdings in the Russian Federation. The article consideres the activities of agroholdings, the features of their formation and state support in Belgorod Region in more detail. It notes that the main activities of agroholdings are the most profitable and relatively short payback periods, for example, the production of cereals, sunflower, poultry and pork. In the regions located in close proximity to major markets, vegetable growing is developed.

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