scholarly journals Social determinants for overweight and obesity in a highly marginalized population from Comitán, Chiapas, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (5, sep-oct) ◽  
pp. 477-486
Author(s):  
Marisela Vázquez-Duran ◽  
María Eugenia Jiménez-Corona ◽  
Laura Moreno-Altamirano ◽  
Enrique Octavio Graue-Hernández ◽  
Noé Guarneros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Objective. We assessed the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its association with some social determinants in a highly marginalized population in Mexico. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study conducted in Comitán, Chiapas, from 2010 to 2012, comprising 1 858 subjects aged ≥20 years. We evaluated proximal, intermediate, and structural social determinants. Results. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 37.9 and 16.5%, respectively. The probability of overweight and obesity was higher in participants with ≥primary school, self-reported non-indigenous origin, and medium level of marginalization compared with those with <primary school, self-reported indigenous origin, and high/ very high level of marginalization. Conclusion. The pro­bability of overweight and obesity was higher in population with more favorable social conditions, which may be partially explained by changes in the traditional lifestyle with greater access to high energy foods and physical inactivity.

scholarly journals Correlation between Internet addiction, depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate medical students in Azad Kashmir

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arslaan Javaeed ◽  
Maria Bint Zafar ◽  
Madiha Iqbal ◽  
Sanniya Khan Ghauri
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Azad Kashmir ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Objective: To find out the correlation between internet addiction and depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate medical students in Azad Kashmir. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 210 undergraduate medical students (first to the fifth year) was done in Poonch Medical College, Azad Kashmir. The data collection tools were DASS21 questionnaire and Young’s internet addiction questionnaire. Spearman rank correlation test was done to see the correlation between internet addiction and depression, anxiety, and stress. Data were analyzed by SPSS v23 at a 95% confidence interval. Results: A very high prevalence (52.4%) of moderate to extremely severe internet addiction was observed among the respondents. The mild positive correlation between internet addiction and depression was identified (p <0.001) and similar type of correlation was observed between internet addiction and stress (p 0.003). However, anxiety and internet addiction were not significantly correlated. The prevalence of anxiety and depression among the males were higher than the females, whilst the stress level was almost the same across gender. Conclusion: Internet addiction has been found to be associated with various psychiatric diseases. In this study, we also observed such correlation. We have also observed a very high level of internet addiction among medical students. The prevalence of internet addiction may further increase in the coming years as the internet will become more cheap, available and include more high quality psychologically addictive contents. How to cite this:Javaeed A, Zafar MB, Iqbal M, Ghauri SK. Correlation between Internet addiction, depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate medical students in Azad Kashmir. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.169 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals The secular trend in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the population of primary school children from Ljubljana (Slovenia)

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjeta Kovač ◽  
Gregor Jurak ◽  
Lijana Zaletel Kragelj ◽  
Bojan Leskošek
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children has increased dramatically in recent decades. The survey examined overweight and obesity in the population of boys and girls from Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, aged seven through fourteen from 1991 to 2011. Methods: An annually repeated cross-sectional study of data from the national SLOFIT monitoring system was used. The body mass index cut-off points of the International Obesity Task Force were used to identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Multinomial logistic regression was used for modelling the probability of overweight and obesity as a function of time (year of measurement), sex and age of subjects. Results: In 1991-2011 period, the odds for overweight and obesity among primary school children (n = 376,719) increased every year by 1.7% (95% CI: 1.6-1.9) and 3.7% (3.4-4%) respectively. Boys have 1.17 (95% CI: 1.15-1.20) times higher odds of becoming overweight and 1.39 (95% CI: 1.35-1.44) times higher odds of becoming obese than girls. In comparison to the reference group (age of 14), the highest odds for overweight were found at the ages of nine and ten (1.39; 95% CI: 1.34-1.44), while for the obesity the highest odds were at the age of eight (2.01; 95% CI: 1.86-2.16). Conclusion: From 1991 to 2011, overweight and obesity clearly became more prevalent in children from Ljubljana. This trend has been more obvious among boys than girls. In comparison to 14-year-old boys and girls, the highest odds for excessive weight were found below the age of 10.

scholarly journals Study on disability limitation, rehabilitation and social needs of persons affected by leprosy in Kurnool division of Kurnool district

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3526
Author(s):  
Visweswara Rao Guthi ◽  
A. Sreedevi
Keyword(s):  
Wound Care ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
High Level ◽  
Rehabilitation Needs

AbstractBackground: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It affects mainly the peripheral nerves. There is very little data on the types of problems faced by people with leprosy-related disabilities (PLD) and the resulting needs. So this study made an attempt to study the disability limitation, rehabilitation needs of persons affected by leprosy and to assess their dehabilitation status.Materials and Methods: This is a community based cross–sectional study conducted in Kurnool district. There were 296 registered persons affected by leprosy between May 2012 to October 2013 out of which 276 registered persons affected by leprosy were available for the study. Information collected was to assess the disability limitation, rehabilitation needs, social needs and to assess their dehabilitation status of the registered cases.Results: This study shown that out of 276 patients affected by leprosy, 65/276 (23.56%) of the study subjects had disabilities. Out of which 9.06 % had only Grade 1 and 14.50% had Grade 2 disability. 65 (100%) of the subjects having deformity needed skin care, 14 (21.53%) needed wound care, 31 (47.69%) needed joint care, 7 (10.76%) needed swelling care, 10 (15.38%) needed nerve care and 2 (3.07%) needed eye care. 15/254 (5.90%) suffered from high level of dehabilitation and 43/254 (16.93%) suffered from medium level of dehabilitation.Conclusions: Knowledge and practice among those needing self care practices were grossly deficient. The general health staff had not informed in most circumstances to persons affected by leprosy about self care practices in leprosy.High level of dehabilitation in the study population was present only in patients having visible deformity.

scholarly journals Social determinants and changes in energy drink consumption among adolescents in Norway, 2017–2019: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e049284
Author(s):  
Siri Kaldenbach ◽  
Tor A Strand ◽  
Beate Stokke Solvik ◽  
Mads Holten-Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption

ObjectivesTo describe the social determinants and development in energy drink consumption among Norwegian adolescents in 2017, 2018 and 2019.DesignCross-sectional, online, annual, nationwide surveys (Ungdata).SettingResponses collected online from January 2017 to December 2019.ParticipantsLower and upper secondary school students (n=297 102) aged 12–19 years who responded in 2017, 2018 and 2019.Main outcome measuresFrequency of energy drink consumption.ResultsOver the 3-year period, 66.4% of the men and 41.8% of the women had consumed energy drink once a week or more. The proportion of female high consumers (consuming energy drink more than four times a week) increased from 3.3% to 4.9% between 2017 and 2019; for male, the increase was from 9.8% to 11.5%. In females, the proportion of high consumers increased with 24% (relative risk; CI) (1.24; 1.09 to 1.41) from 2017 to 2018 and 46% (1.46; 1.31 to 1.62) from 2017 to 2019. The corresponding increases in males were 10% (1.10; 1.01 to 1.20) from 2017 to 2018 and 12% (1.12; 1.05 to 1.19) from 2017 to 2019. Any energy drink consumption as well as high energy drink consumption were independently associated with school level, less central residency, low socioeconomic status, physical inactivity and high leisure screen time.ConclusionWe found an increase in high consumers among both boys and girls between 2017 and 2019. The observed increase in energy drink consumption among adolescents can explain some of the increased sales of energy drink in Norway.

scholarly journals The epidemiological trends of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran: February 19 to March 22, 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzan Madadizadeh ◽  
Reyhane Sefidkar
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Epidemiological Trends ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background The Coronavirus has crossed the geographical borders of various countries without any restrictions. This study was performed to identify the epidemiological trends of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran during February 19 to March 22, 2020.Methods This cross sectional study was carried out in 31 provinces by using the daily number of newly infected cases which was announced by the Iranian health authorities from February 19 to March 22, 2020, we explore the trend of outbreak of coronavirus disease in all provinces of Iran and determine some influential factors such as population size, area, population density, distance from original epicenter, altitude, and human development index (HDI) for each province on its spread by Spearman correlation coefficient. K-means cluster analysis (KMCA) also categorized the provinces into 10 separate groups based on CF and ACF of the infected cases at the end of the study period. (ACF).Results There were 21,638 infected, 7,913 recovered and 2,299 death cases with COVID-19 in Iran during the study period. By March 22, CF shows that, most cases are attributed to Tehran province, while ACF shows that most are attributed to Semnan province. There was a positive significant correlation between CF of the infected cases and province population sizes (r=0.45), HDI (r=0.58); province population density (r=0.47); a negative significant correlation between the CF of the infected cases and distance from original epicenter (r=-0.47). KMCA results based on CF showed very high level of outbreak was in Tehran while KMCA based on ACF showed very high level of outbreak were in Semnan and Qom provinces.Conclusions Special attention is needed for the provinces nearer to the original epicenter which are high risk spots in terms of the severe prevalence of COVID-19. In the absence of definite treatment for this infectious disease, the effective solutions to reduce the transmission of the disease are early isolation of the cases, quarantine for close contacts both in families and community and observing personal hygiene.

scholarly journals Assessment of nutritional status of primary school children by anthropometry in rural field practice area of Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2963
Author(s):  
Anita Aramani ◽  
Saurabh Kumar ◽  
Sudhir Prabhu ◽  
Das Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Field Practice

Background: Malnutrition in the primary school children is one of important problems in India with long term ramifications.  This may be related to faulty dietary habits, socioeconomic condition of the family etc. Malnutrition especially undernourishment can lead to delay in growth and development. Anthropometric assessment of the school children provides the information regarding the nutritional status. The objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence of undernourishment, overweight and obesity in the primary school children of the rural field practice area; to find out the association of socio-demographic variables with nutritional status.Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted from November 2013- February 2014 to assess the nutritional status of the primary school children of the rural field practice areas of our institution in Thumbay region of Dakshina Kannada.Results: The prevalence of undernourishment (thinness and severe thinness) and overweight and obesity was found to be 40.5%, 2.8% and 1.3% respectively. It was also found that significantly higher proportion of male students was having severe thinness compared to females.Conclusions: The present study showed that undernourishment (thinness) was still a problem in the rural area school children.

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