X-ray Fluorescence-based Screening Method for Uranium Contamination

Operations at former weapons processing facilities in the U. S. have resulted in a large volume of radionuclidecontaminated soils and residues. In an effort to improve remediation strategies and meet environmental regulations, radionuclide-bearing particles in contaminant soils from Fernald in Ohio and the Rocky Flats Plant (RFP) in Colorado have been characterized by electron microscopy. The object of these studies was to determine the form of the contaminant radionuclide, so that it properties could be established [1]. Physical separation and radiochemical analysis determined that uranium contamination at Fernald was not present exclusively in any one size/density fraction [2]. The uranium-contamination resulted from aqueous and solid product spills, air-borne dust particles, and from the operation of an incinerator on site. At RFP the contamination was from the incineration of Pu-bearing materials. Further analysis by x-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated that the majority of the uranium was in the 6+ oxidation state [3].

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SIMPLE AND QUICK GASTRIC CANCER SCREENING METHOD USING THE “BI-DIGITAL O-RING TEST" AND ITS CRITICAL EVALUATION BY STANDARD X-RAY, GASTROSCOPIC AND PATHOLOGICAL MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION

Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research ◽

10.3727/036012987816358814 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 193-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yasuhiro Shimotsuura ◽

Yasuyuki Saito ◽

Masayasu Nakano ◽

Gousuke Muteki

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Microscopic Examination ◽

Screening Method ◽

Critical Evaluation ◽

Ring Test ◽

X Ray ◽

Gastric Cancer Screening

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Small-scale screening method for low-viscosity antibody solutions using small-angle X-ray scattering

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics ◽

10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.11.027 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 112 ◽

pp. 132-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Masakazu Fukuda ◽

Atsushi Watanabe ◽

Akira Hayasaka ◽

Masaru Muraoka ◽

Yuji Hori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Angle ◽

Screening Method ◽

Small Scale ◽

X Ray ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Ray Scattering

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Accuracy and Incremental Yield of the Chest X-Ray in Screening for Tuberculosis in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

Tuberculosis Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2021/6622809 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Joanitah Nalunjogi ◽

Frank Mugabe ◽

Irene Najjingo ◽

Pastan Lusiba ◽

Francis Olweny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Screening Tool ◽

Screening Method ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Case Detection ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

X Ray ◽

Number Needed To Screen ◽

Screening Algorithm ◽

Chest X Ray

The WHO END TB strategy requires ≥90% case detection to combat tuberculosis (TB). Increased TB case detection requires a more sensitive and specific screening tool. Currently, the symptoms recommended for screening TB have been found to be suboptimal since up to 44% of individuals with TB are asymptomatic. The chest X-ray (CXR) as a screening tool for pulmonary TB was evaluated in this study, as well as its incremental yield in TB diagnosis using a cross-sectional study involving secondary analysis of data of 4512 consented/assented participants ≥15 years who participated in the Uganda National TB prevalence survey between 2014 and 2015. Participants with a cough ≥2 weeks, fever, weight loss, and night sweats screened positive for TB using the symptoms screening method, while participants with a TB defining abnormality on CXR screened positive for TB by the CXR screening method. The Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture was used as a gold standard for TB diagnosis. The CXR had 93% sensitivity and 65% specificity compared to LJ culture results, while symptoms had 76% sensitivity and 31% specificity. The screening algorithm involving the CXR in addition to symptoms led to a 38% increment in the yield of diagnosed tuberculosis. The number needed to screen using the CXR and symptoms screening algorithm was 32 compared to 45 when the symptoms are used alone. Therefore, the CXR in combination with symptoms is a good TB screening tool and increases the yield of diagnosed TB.

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Levels of Brominated Vegetable Oils in Soft Drinks by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Gas-Liquid Chromatography

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/53.3.571 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 571-575

Author(s):

H B S Conacher ◽

J C Meranger ◽

J Leroux

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Oils ◽

Screening Method ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽

X Ray ◽

Wide Range ◽

Rapid Screening Method

Abstract A rapid screening method using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has been developed for the detection and semiquantitative estimation of brominated vegetable oils in soft drinks. This method and a quantitative GLC technique have been applied to the determination of the brominated oil content in a wide range of soft drinks. Of 46 drinks examined, 23 contained brominated vegetable oils at levels between 7 and 85 mg/10 fluid oz of drink.

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Identification of Lead and Other Elements in Ceramic Glazes and Housewares by 109Cd-Induced X-Ray Fluorescence Emission Spectrometry

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/78.2.407 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 407-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David L Anderson ◽

William C Cunningham ◽

Tyler R Lemdstrom ◽

Ilhan Olmez

Keyword(s):

Limit Of Detection ◽

Screening Method ◽

Fluorescence Emission ◽

The Other ◽

Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

X Rays ◽

Nondestructive Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Lower Count

Abstract Radioisotope x-ray fluorescence spectrometry was investigated as a potential screening method for Pb and other elements in housewares. Thirty-six commercial houseware items and 87 ceramic test tiles (85 fired with hobby glazes and 2 blank bisques) were examined qualitatively for the presence of Pb by using 109Cd-induced L x-ray fluorescence emission spectrometry. For the housewares, the technique provided fast, nondestructive analysis of areas with about 10 cm diameters (general regions) to about 4 mm diameters (isolated design regions). Pb was found in 25 of 28 ceramicware items, in all 8 other housewares, and in all the testtile glazes above the limit of detection of 1 count per second (cps) for Pb Lβ x-rays. For housewares, Pb identification did not always correspond to Pb leachability. For 68 test-tile glazes labeled as containing Pb (39 of which were also labeled ‘dinnerware safe’ or ‘safe for food containers’), count rates ranged from 290 to 730 cps, whereas for the other 17 glazes labeled (with one exception) ‘nontoxic,’ much lower count rates (5–61 cps) were obtained. Other elements found in the housewares or test glazes were As, Au, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Nb, Ni, Rb, Sr, Y, Zn, and Zr.

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The Classification of Covid-19 cases through the Employment of Transfer Learning on X-ray images

Mekatronika ◽

10.15282/mekatronika.v3i1.7151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 44-51

Author(s):

Nur Ameerah Hakimi ◽

Mohd Azhar Mohd Razman ◽

Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed

Keyword(s):

Transfer Learning ◽

Screening Method ◽

X Ray ◽

The People ◽

Machine Learning Model ◽

The World ◽

Chest X Ray ◽

Alternative Test ◽

Chest Radiology

Covid-19 is a contagious disease that known to cause respirotary infection in humans. Almost 219 countries are effected by the outbreak of the latest coronavirus pandemic, exceed 100 millions of confirmed cases and about 2 million death recorded aound the world. This condition is alarming as some of the people who are infected with the virus show no symptoms of the disease. Due to the number of confirmed cases rapidly rising around the world, it is crucial find another method to diagnose the disease at the beginnings stage in order to control the spreading of the virus. Another alternative test from the main screening method is by using chest radiology image based detection which are X-ray or CT scan images. The aim of this research is to classify the Covid-19 cases by using the image classification technique.The dataset consist of 2000 images of chest X-ray images and have two classes which are Covid and Non-Covid. Each of the class consists of 1000 images.This research compare the performance of the various Transfer Learning models (VGG-16, VGG-19, and Inception V3) in extracting the feature from X-ray image combined with machine learning model (SVM, kNN, and Random Forest) as a classifier. The experiment result showed the VGG-19, VGG-16, and Inception V3 coupled with optimized SVM pipelines are comparably efficient in classifying the cases as compared to other pipelines evaluated in this reaseach and could archieved 99% acuuracy on the test datasets.

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Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana Hypersensitive to DNA-Damaging Treatments

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/146.1.401 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 146 (1) ◽

pp. 401-407

Author(s):

Jean E Masson ◽

Patrick J King ◽

Jerzy Paszkowski

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Root Meristem ◽

Screening Method ◽

Shoot Meristem ◽

Recombinational Repair ◽

X Rays ◽

X Ray ◽

Interstrand Crosslinks ◽

Sublethal Doses ◽

Simple Screening

A simple screening method was developed for the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants hypersensitive to X-ray irradiation. The root meristem was used as the target for irradiation with sublethal doses of X rays, while protection of the shoot meristem by a lead cover allowed the rescue of hypersensitive individuals. We isolated nine independent X-ray-hypersensitive mutants from 7000 M2 seedlings. Analysis of three chosen mutants (xrs4, xrs9 and xrs11) showed that alterations in single recessive alleles are responsible for their phenotypes. The mutations are not allelic but linked and map to chromosome 4, suggesting mutations in novel genes as compared to previously mapped mutant alleles. Importantly, hypersensitivity to X rays was found to correlate with hypersensitivity to the DNA-alkylating agent mitomycin C, which provokes interstrand crosslinks, and/or to methyl methanesulfonate, which is known as a radiomimetic chemical. These novel phenotypes suggest that the mutants described here are altered in the repair of DNA damage, most probably by recombinational repair.

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