Gelled Acid vs. Self-Diverting Systems for Carbonate Matrix Stimulation: an Experimental and Field Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Evgenievich Folomeev ◽  
Ildar Azatovich Taipov ◽  
Arslan Rustemovich Khatmullin ◽  
Flus Khanifovich Mukhametov ◽  
Sergei Alexandrovich Vakhrushev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Bottom Hole ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Carbonate Matrix ◽  
Treatment Designs ◽  
Acid Treatments

Abstract The paper considers the choice of the optimal acid treatment technology using chemical flow divertion, for low-temperature heterogeneous and depleted carbonates, based on the analysis of field data, a complex of physico-chemical and core studies. To increase the efficiency of acid treatments of wells that operate the specified reservoir, two technologies of chemical flow divertion (using a gelled acid (GA) and a self-diverting acid (SDA) are considered in the paper. It was revealed that during acid treatments using SDA a longer exposure time of the reagent in the bottom-hole zone (BHZ) of the well is required, as a result of which the planned efficiency for the conditions of the reservoir under consideration is not achieved. By means of core studies, a higher efficiency of using GA under considered conditions was confirmed. The results of physico-chemical and core studies were used to simulate acidizing and adapt treatment designs. Field study of the treatment technology of producing wells with the use of GA was carried out. According to the results of well logging, there is an increase in the working inflow intervals after treatment. The performed field studies confirmed the results of core studies, theoretical studies and physico-chemical surveys.

Effects of Trust and Threat Messaging on Academic Cheating: A Field Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762097751
Author(s):  
Li Zhao ◽  
Jiaxin Zheng ◽  
Haiying Mao ◽  
Xinyi Yu ◽  
Jiacheng Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Academic Integrity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Academic Cheating ◽  
College Classrooms

Morality-based interventions designed to promote academic integrity are being used by educational institutions around the world. Although many such approaches have a strong theoretical foundation and are supported by laboratory-based evidence, they often have not been subjected to rigorous empirical evaluation in real-world contexts. In a naturalistic field study ( N = 296), we evaluated a recent research-inspired classroom innovation in which students are told, just prior to taking an unproctored exam, that they are trusted to act with integrity. Four university classes were assigned to a proctored exam or one of three types of unproctored exam. Students who took unproctored exams cheated significantly more, which suggests that it may be premature to implement this approach in college classrooms. These findings point to the importance of conducting ecologically valid and well-controlled field studies that translate psychological theory into practice when introducing large-scale educational reforms.

Coking Wastewater Physico-Chemical Treatment Technology Evolvement Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Jiao Liu ◽  
Yun Lng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
Fenton Reagent ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Treatment Research

Coal coking wastewater is generated from coking, coal gas purification and coking product recovery process, its composition is complex and difficult to degrade. By introducing the coking wastewater treatment research and application, such as adsorption,coagulation and sedimentation, flue gas treatment and other physical methods, as well advanced oxidation, wet oxidation, Fenton reagent method, photocatalytic oxidation, ultrasonic oxidation, ozone oxidation method, electrochemical oxidation, supercritical water oxidation, incineration and plasma technology, this paper puts forward the trend of coking wastewater treatment technology.

Well stimulation features considering skin-factors as a means of productivity stabilization

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
T.Sh. Salavatov ◽  
◽  
M.A. Dadash-zade ◽  
T.S. Babaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Skin Effect ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Skin Factor ◽  
Well Stimulation ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Additional Resistance ◽  
Stimulation Method ◽  
Scientific Practical

Numerous research surveys justified that the major purpose of well stimulation is the productivity increase by means of elimination of bottomhole damages in formation and well. This process appears directly by creating a certain structure in formation. Thus, in field conditions as a stimulation method the fracturing, acid treatment of reservoirs, as well as acid treatment of cracks (acid fracturing) are generally applied. Field studies showed that due to the radial nature of the flow the pressure decrease is basically occurs near the well and in the bottomhole. The analysis justifies that any damage in this area significantly increases the pressure reduction and the effect of such damages may be presented by means of “skin-factor”. The authors present more generalized concept of “skin factor” combining the most important aspects of bottomhole zone damages of production well. These processes create additional resistance decreasing production. From our perspective, the well stimulation is the productivity increase. In this case there is scientific-practical sense to consider the stimulation as a method for “skin-effect” value reduction. The paper offers a new parameter of “generalized skin-effect” or “generalized skin-factor” showing positive results with negative values, i.e. increases performance and productivity.

scholarly journals Comparison of different Parameters of Heart Rate Frequency of Tasks Performed during Aircraft Open-Basket Ground Deicing Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Landau K
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Evaluation Measure ◽  
Cardiac Cost ◽  
Working Heart

Plane deicing is mandatory to insure safe plane take-off. Previous human factors studies have shown that open-basket deicing activity can be improved. The objective of the paper is to compare heart rate assessment models within a field study with numerous influencing variables and small sample size as well as to deepen our understanding of the most demanding openbasket tasks using cardiac output. A field study in a Canadian centered plane deicing facility was conducted in 2016-2017. 12 participants contributed to a thorough description and analysis of open-basket deicing activities. Respiratory and cardiac output of these participants was collected using Hexoskin vests. Working heart rate, heart rate reserves as well as calculations of absolute cardiac cost were done. Working heart rate (WHR), Heart Rate Reserve (HRR) and Absolute Cardiac Cost (ACC) do not behave uniformly for the majority of participants. In field studies with a large number of influencing variables on the heart rate, it is usually not sufficient to consider one single evaluation measure like WHR. In the interest of protecting employees, it seems to make sense to use the more cautious measures HRR or ACC as parameters instead of WHR. Superimposed activities (e.g. forced postures and dynamic use of upper body) have a significant effect on heart rate increases. In 8 out of 11 cases we have fatigue-related increases in heart rate over the observation period. Similar studies need to be conducted in other aircraft deicing facilities.

scholarly journals The watching eyes effect on charitable donation is boosted by fewer people in the vicinity

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Ryo Oda ◽  
Ryota Ichihashi
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Charitable Donation ◽  
Charitable Donations ◽  
Large Groups

Previous field experiments have found that artificial surveillance cues facilitated prosocial behaviors such as charitable donations and littering. Several previous field studies found that the artificial surveillance cue effect was stronger when few individuals were in the vicinity; however, others reported that the effect was stronger in large groups of people. Here, we report the results of a field study examining the effect of an artificial surveillance cue (stylized eyes) on charitable giving. Three collection boxes were placed in different locations around an izakaya (a Japanese-style tavern) for 84 days. The amount donated was counted each experimental day, and the izakaya staff provided the number of patrons who visited each day. We found that the effect of the stylized eyes was more salient when fewer patrons were in the izakaya. Our findings suggest that the effect of the artificial surveillance cue is similar to that of “real” cues and that the effect on charitable giving may weaken when people habituate to being watched by “real” eyes. 

Hygienic assessment of potential ecotoxicological risk of the use of new insecticide spiromesifen in agriculture of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
I.V. Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Ecotoxicological Risk ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Agricultural Use

Objective: The aim of our work was to study the potential ecotoxicological hazard of a new chemical from the class of tetramic and tetronic acid derivatives - the insecticide spiromesifen, taking into account its physico-chemical properties and impact on the environmental objects. Materials and methods: An assessment of the potential danger of spiromesifen use for ecosystems was carried out on the basis of the calculation of the ecotoxicological hazard (ecotox) by N.N. Melnikov’s method. The field studies were carried out in different agro-climatic zones of Ukraine. The treatment of vineyards and apple trees was carried out at the maximum consumption rates of spiromesifen. Results: According to the literary data and our research, it was found that in the soil-and-climatic conditions of Ukraine, the ecotoxicological risk, when using the new insecticide spiromesifen, is 10,000 times and 7,000 times low than the analogous characteristics of DDT. Ecotox abamectin is 154 times low than ecotox DDT. This makes preparations, based on these substances, more promising and competitive among other pesticides in agricultural use. We can conclude that spiromesifen does not pose a threat to terrestrial ecosystems and health of the population.

Integrated Leachate Treatment Technology

2020 ◽  
pp. 204-220
Author(s):  
Zawawi Daud ◽  
Halizah Awang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Pre Treatment

In this chapter, the performance of combined treatment of municipal landfill leachate is reviewed. Although individual physico-chemical treatments are suitable for the removal of heavy metals and hydrolyzation of some organic compounds, a combination of two physico-chemical treatments or physico-chemical and biological is required for optimum treatment of stabilized landfill leachate. A combination of two physico-chemical treatments can give optimum results in removal of recalcitrant organic compounds from stabilized leachate, as reflected by a significant decrease of the COD values after treatment. On the other hand, a combination of physico-chemical and biological treatments is required to achieve effective removal of NH3-N and COD with a substantial amount of biodegradable organic matter. In many cases, physico-chemical treatments are suitable for pre-treatment of stabilized leachate. The objective of this paper is to highlight various types of integrated leachate treatments as it has been difficult to get optimum efficiency from single approached treatment.

scholarly journals Application status and research progress of shale reservoirs acid treatment technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nianyin Li ◽  
Jinxin Dai ◽  
Jianhui Li ◽  
Fengjun Bai ◽  
Pingli Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Shale Reservoirs

A field study on the biology of the underground grass caterpillar, Oncopera Fasciculata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), in South Australia.

1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Madge
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Surface Growth ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Lower South

This paper describes field studies on the biology and behaviour of Oncopera fasciculata (Walker), an important insect pest of improved pastures in the lower south-east of South Australia and the central and western districts of Victoria. Moths fly at dusk during September-October and mate mainly on upright grasses during these flights. The onset of flights seems to be related to a light stimulus but no correlation could be found from the data collected. Eggs are laid on the ground under pasture, where the female shelters at night and during the day; most eggs are laid within 24 hr after mating. Larvae appear in from 3 to 5 wk and live for a short while in communities at the surface of the ground under silken webbing before building individual vertical tunnels in the soil. Larvae emerge from their tunnels along silken runways to feed on surface growth. Annual grasses and clovers are more susceptible to attack than perennials. Feeding continues from October to July and visible damage appears about May, depending upon seasonal conditions. Prepupae appear in July and pucae during July-September.

Assessment of the Performance of Oxidation Pond System for Wastewater Reuse

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. El-Gohary ◽  
R. Abdel Wahaab ◽  
S. El-Hawary ◽  
S. Shehata ◽  
S. Badr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Oxidation Pond ◽  
Unit Process ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Pond System ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Final Effluent ◽  
Raw Wastewater ◽  
Wide Fluctuation

A study has been conducted to evaluate the performance of an aerated oxidation pond system in a village in Egypt. It comprises an anaerobic pond (AP), an aerated facultative pond (AeP) and a maturation pond (MP). The assessment involved an intensive programme of sampling and analysis of raw wastewater, unit process contents and unit process effluents. Field studies indicated a wide fluctuation in the BOD5 load applied to the STP. It ranged from 64 to 290 g BOD5/m3.d, with an average value of 146 g BOD5/m3.d. This, however, did not affect physico-chemical characteristics of the final effluent. Residual COD, BOD & SS were around 99 mg/l, 32 mg/l & 66 mg/l, respectively. Although faecal coliform removal was around 98.9%, yet residual count was still high. Also, significant decline in both parasitic eggs and protozoal stages has been recorded.

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