The Influence of Formation Creeping on Wellbore Integrity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danzhu Zheng ◽  
Stefan Z. Miska ◽  
Evren Ozbayoglu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Zonal Isolation ◽  
Cement Sheath

Abstract Creep, the time-dependent deformation of rock, will increase the pressure applied on the interface between the cement and formation. The objective of this paper is to study the influence of the formation creeping effect on the cement sheath integrity and zonal isolation. It focuses on the failure behavior of the cement sheath in the long period after drilling. The paper also investigates the changing of mechanical properties of cement to avoid loss of zonal isolation. The interface pressure between the cement and formation cannot be measured directly in the field, so it will be valuable to predict this pressure through alternative methods. A Casing-Cement -Formation System (CCFS) analytical model based on linear-elasticity and Cam-Clay plasticity model was built. The CCFS model includes four layers, casing layer-cement layer- plastic creeping layer and the formation layer. This plastic- transition layer is formed because of formation creeping. The axial stress and tangential stress distribution of the cement sheath were calculated by the CCFS model. The contact pressure between the cement sheath and formation was calculated. Mohr-Coulomb yielding criterion was applied to estimate failure behavior for the cement sheath. Two case studies were performed with the new CCFS model and previous CCFS model that do not consider the formation creeping effect. The comparison between two models showed that without considering the formation creeping effect, we might underestimate failure of the cement sheath. The simulation result by our CCFS analytical model indicated that the creeping effect would make the interface between the casing and cement vulnerable to shear failure. We changed the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio for the failed case to investigate the influence of mechanical properties of the cement material. The result showed that a lower Young's modulus and higher Poisson's ratio were preferred for improving zonal isolation. Instead of pursuing how creeping happens, this paper accepts formation creeping as a fact in the whole life of the well. The geomechanical impacts of the plastic-creeping formation, although undetectable from the surface observations, may cause detrimental consequences to cement integrity.

Measurement of Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio of Thin Film by Combination of Bulge Test and Nano-Indentation

2008 ◽  
Vol 33-37 ◽  
pp. 969-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong Bu Jung ◽  
Seong Hyun Ko ◽  
Hun Kee Lee ◽  
Hyun Chul Park
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Indentation Test ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Bulge Test ◽  
Nano Indentation

This paper will discuss two different techniques to measure mechanical properties of thin film, bulge test and nano-indentation test. In the bulge test, uniform pressure applies to one side of thin film. Measurement of the membrane deflection as a function of the applied pressure allows one to determine the mechanical properties such as the elastic modulus and the residual stress. Nano-indentation measurements are accomplished by pushing the indenter tip into a sample and then withdrawing it, recording the force required as a function of position. . In this study, modified King’s model can be used to estimate the mechanical properties of the thin film in order to avoid the effect of substrates. Both techniques can be used to determine Young’s modulus or Poisson’s ratio, but in both cases knowledge of the other variables is needed. However, the mathematical relationship between the modulus and Poisson's ratio is different for the two experimental techniques. Hence, achieving agreement between the techniques means that the modulus and Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus of thin films can be determined with no a priori knowledge of either.

Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio Estimation Based on PSO Constriction Factor Method Parameters Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
George Lucas Dias ◽  
Ricardo Rodrigues Magalhães ◽  
Danton Diego Ferreira ◽  
Bruno Henrique Groenner Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Inverse Analysis ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Factor Method ◽  
Constriction Factor

The knowledge of materials' mechanical properties in design during product development phases is necessary to identify components and assembly problems. These are problems such as mechanical stresses and deformations which normally cause plastic deformation, early fatigue or even fracture. This article is aimed to use particle swarm optimization (PSO) and finite element inverse analysis to determine Young's Modulus and Poisson's ratio from a cantilever beam, manufactured in ASTM A36 steel, subjected to a load of 19.6 N applied to its free end. The cantilever beam was modeled and simulated using a commercial FEA software. Constriction Factor Method (PSO variation) was used and its parameters were analyzed in order to improve errors. PSO results indicated Young's Modulus and Poisson's ratio errors of around 1.9% and 0.4%, respectively, when compared to the original material properties. Improvement in the data convergence and a reduction in the number of PSO iterations was observed. This shows the potentiality of using PSO along with Finite Element Inverse Analysis for mechanical properties evaluation.

XRD Tensile Test Technique to Measure Mechanical Properties of Micron-Thick Si and TiN Films

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 574-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Namazu ◽  
Shozo Inoue ◽  
Daisuke Ano ◽  
Keiji Koterazawa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Lateral Strain ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Tin Films

This paper focuses on investigating mechanical properties of micron-thick polycrystalline titanium nitride (TiN) films. We propose a new technique that can directly measure lateral strain of microscale crystalline specimen by X-ray diffraction (XRD) during tensile test. The XRD tensile test can provide not only Young’s modulus but also Poisson’s ratio of TiN films. Micron-thick TiN films were deposited onto both surfaces of single crystal silicon (Si) specimen by r.f. reactive magnetron sputtering. Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of Si specimen obtained by XRD tensile tests were in good agreement with analytical values. TiN films deposited at Ar partial pressure of 0.7Pa had the average values of 290GPa and 0.36 for Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. The elastic mechanical properties of TiN films gradually decreased down to 220GPa and 0.29 with increasing Ar partial pressure up to 1.0Pa, regardless of film thickness. The change in the film properties with Ar partial pressure would be attributed to the change in the film density.

scholarly journals Modelling of Nanoindentation of TiAlN and TiN Thin Film Coatings for Automotive Bearing

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7194-7199
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Element Method

Bearings are critical components for the transmission of motion in machines. Automotive components, especially bearings, will wear out over a certain period of time because they are constantly subjected to high levels of stress and friction. Studies have proven that coatings can extend the lifespan of bearings. Hence, it is necessary to conduct studies on coatings for bearings, particularly the mechanical and wear properties of the coating material. This detailed study focused on the mechanical properties of single-coatings of TiN and TiAIN using the finite element method (FEM). The mechanical properties that can be obtained from nano-indentation experiments are confined to just the Young’s modulus and hardness. Therefore, nanoindentation simulations were conducted together with the finite element method to obtain more comprehensive mechanical properties such as the yield strength and Poisson’s ratio. In addition, various coating materials could be examined by means of these nanoindentation simulations, as well the effects of those parameters that could not be controlled experimentally, such as the geometry of the indenter and the bonding between the coating and the substrate. The simulations were carried out using the ANSYS Mechanical APDL software. The mechanical properties such as the Young’s modulus, yield strength, Poisson’s ratio and tangent modulus were 370 GPa, 19 GPa, 0.21 and 10 GPa, respectively for the TiAlN coating and 460 GPa, 14 GPa, 0.25 and 8 GPa, respectively for the TiN coating. The difference between the mechanical properties obtained from the simulations and experiments was less than 5 %.

Mechanical Properties of Matrix Filled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Nanocomposites

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davood Askari ◽  
Mehrdad N. Ghasemi-Nejhad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Exact Solutions ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Host Material ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Single Walled Carbon

It is frequently reported that carbon nanotubes can efficiently be used to reinforce composite materials and considerably improve their structural mechanical properties. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the effective properties of such nanocomposites. In this work, an analytical approach is employed to derive the analytical exact solutions for the effective Young’s modulus and major Poisson’s ratio of a three-phase composite cylinder model representing a matrix filled single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) embedded in another host material. In this study, all three constituents are considered generally cylindrical orthotropic. For validation, results from finite element analysis of an identical 3-D model are compared to those obtained analytically. It is shown that both techniques are in excellent agreement and therefore analytical exact solutions for the prediction of effective axial Young’s modulus and major Poisson’s ratio of the filled SWCNT embedded in another host material and all having orthotropic properties are verified.

Characterization of elastic mechanical properties of Tuscaloosa Marine Shale from well logs using the vertical transversely isotropic model

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. T1023-T1036
Author(s):  
Cristina Mariana Ruse ◽  
Mehdi Mokhtari
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Horizontal Stress ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Isotropic Solution ◽  
Marine Shale ◽  
Minimum Horizontal Stress

To avoid steep declines in the Tuscaloosa Marine Shale (TMS) production, wells are fracture-stimulated to release the hydrocarbons trapped in the matrix of the formation. An accurate estimation of Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio is essential for hydraulic fracture propagation. In addition, ignoring the highly heterogeneous and anisotropic character of TMS can lead to erroneous stress values, which subsequently affect hydraulic fracture width estimates and the overall hydraulic fracturing process. We have developed an empirical 1D geomechanical model that takes into account VTI anisotropy, and it is used to characterize the elastic mechanical properties of TMS in two wells. In the analyzed formation, the vertical Poisson’s ratio is less than the horizontal Poisson’s ratio, which suggests the necessity of an alternative to the ANNIE equations. The stiffness coefficients [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were estimated using the relationships developed from the ultrasonic core data available for the two TMS. Further, correlations between the static and dynamic properties from laboratory tests were used to improve the minimum horizontal stress calculation. We compare VTI Young’s moduli, Poisson’s ratios, and minimum horizontal stress with the isotropic solution. VTI modeling improves the estimation of the elastic mechanical properties. The isotropic solution underestimates the minimum horizontal stress in the formation. Moreover, it was shown that the 20 ft shale interval below the TMS base is characterized by a low Young’s modulus (the vertical Young’s modulus is equal to 20 GPa, whereas the horizontal Young’s modulus is equal to 40 GPa) and may be a frac barrier.

Measurement of Mechanical Properties for Thin Film Using Visual Image Tracing Method

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 1701-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Joo Lee ◽  
Seung Woo Han ◽  
Jae Hyun Kim ◽  
Hak Joo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Poisson's Ratio

It is quite difficult to accurately measure the mechanical properties of thin films. Currently, there are several methods (or application) available for measuring mechanical properties of thin films. Their properties, however, have been determined by indirect methods such as cantilever beam test and diaphragm bulge test. This paper reports the efforts to develop a direct strain measurement system for micro/nano scale thin film materials. The proposed solution is the Visual Image Tracing (VIT) strain measurement system coupled with a micro tensile testing unit, which consists of a piezoelectric actuator, load cell, microscope and CCD cameras. The advantage of this system is the ability to monitor the real time images of specimen during the test in order to determine its Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio at the same time. Stress-strain curve, Young’s modulus, yield strength and Poisson’s ratio of copper thin film measured using VIT system are presented.

scholarly journals Effects of Pressurizing Cryogenic Treatments on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Shale Core Samples—An Experimental Study

Gases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Rayan Khalil ◽  
Hossein Emadi ◽  
Faisal Altawati
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Bulk Compressibility ◽  
Core Holder

The technique of cryogenic treatments requires injecting extremely cold fluids such as liquid nitrogen (LN2) into formations to create fractures in addition to connecting pre-existing fracture networks. This study investigated the effects of implementing and pressurizing cryogenic treatment on the physical (porosity and permeability) and mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and bulk compressibility) of the Marcellus shale samples. Ten Marcellus core samples were inserted in a core holder and heated to 66 °C using an oven. Then, LN2 (−177 °C) was injected into the samples at approximately 0.14 MPa. Nitrogen was used to pressurize nine samples at injection pressures of 1.38, 2.76, and 4.14 MPa while the tenth core sample was not pressurized. Using a cryogenic pressure transducer and a T-type thermocouple, the pressure and temperature of the core holder were monitored and recorded during the test. The core samples were scanned using a computed tomography (CT) scanner, and their porosities, permeability, and ultrasonic velocities were measured both before and after conducting the cryogenic treatments. The analyses of CT scan results illustrated that conducting cryogenic treatments created new cracks inside all the samples. These cracks increased the pore volume, and as a result, the porosity, permeability, and bulk compressibility of the core samples increased. The creations of the new cracks also resulted in reductions in the compressional and shear velocities of the samples, and as a result, decreasing the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. Moreover, the results revealed that pressurizing the injected LN2 increased the alterations of aforementioned properties.

YOUNG’S MODULUS AND POISSON’S RATIO OF MERPAUH, KAPUR AND SESENDUK SPECIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohana Hassan ◽  
Syed Syazaril Amri Syed Mubarat ◽  
Anizahyati Alisibramulisi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Poisson Ratio ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Strength Capacity

Young’s Modulus and Poisson’s ratio are the mechanical properties that need to be determined for the production of engineering design or information for the numerical analysis of timber. In this study, Merpauh, Kapur and Sesenduk species were selected. This experimental investigation focuses on the elastic properties of those timber species. The Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Poisson’s ratio were determined by means of tensile tests. In addition, Modulus of Rigidity (MOR), tensile strength capacity and its moisture contents were also determined. The deformation during testing was measured by means of mechanical extensometer. The MOE of the studied species range from 36.7 N/mm2 to 119.2 N/mm2, whereas Poisson’s ratio values show less variability. The result of the study also shows that the mechanical properties for the species are related. The larger the density value, the larger value of stress and strain will be. Thus, the value of Poisson ratio will also increase, respectively.

scholarly journals The Mechanical Properties and Elastic Anisotropies of Cubic Ni3Al from First Principles Calculations

Crystals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinghe Luan ◽  
Hongbo Qin ◽  
Fengmei Liu ◽  
Zongbei Dai ◽  
Yaoyong Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Bulk Modulus ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Small Deviation ◽  
Poisson's Ratio

Ni3Al-based superalloys have excellent mechanical properties which have been widely used in civilian and military fields. In this study, the mechanical properties of the face-centred cubic structure Ni3Al were investigated by a first principles study based on density functional theory (DFT), and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) was used as the exchange-correlation function. The bulk modulus, Young’s modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio of Ni3Al polycrystal were calculated by Voigt-Reuss approximation method, which are in good agreement with the existing experimental values. Moreover, directional dependences of bulk modulus, Young’s modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio of Ni3Al single crystal were explored. In addition, the thermodynamic properties (e.g., Debye temperature) of Ni3Al were investigated based on the calculated elastic constants, indicating an improved accuracy in this study, verified with a small deviation from the previous experimental value.

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