scholarly journals Multi-Drug Resistant, Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase and Carbapenemase Producing Bacterial Isolates among Septicemia Suspected under Five Children in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mequanint Mitiku ◽  
Zeleke Ayenew ◽  
Mequanint Mitiku
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital

Abstract Background: Bloodstream infections due to bacterial pathogens are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among pediatric patients. Emergence of drug resistance in high classes of antibiotics among the bacterial pathogens is another issue of the public health concern. Objective: To determine Multi-drug resistant, extended spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase producing bacterial isolates among septicemia suspected under five Children in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to June 2018 among pediatric patients with febrile illness aged under five in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital. 340 Blood samples were collected and processed following standard microbiological techniques and culture was performed using BacT/Alert machine in combination with conventional method. AST of the isolates was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and MIC technique Result: A total of 137(40.2%) bacterial pathogens were isolated from 340 pediatric patients suspected of BSI with febrile illness. Of these isolates 54% were Gram negative bacteria. Of the isolates 43 (31.4%) Klebsiella pneumonia Acinitobactor species were the most frequently isolated pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were 95.6% MDR, 23.7% ESBL, and 27.1% CRE in children.Conclusion: In this study, Klebsiella pneumoniae and S. aureus are common pathogens associated with BSI in pediatrics with high antimicrobial resistance. The prevalence of MDR 51.1%, CRE 30.5% and ESBL 25.4% were alarmingly high in bacterial isolates. ESBL producing organisms were common in Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli isolates. Since most of isolates exhibit multidrug resistant, invitro- susceptibility of antimicrobials is mandatory. Strengthing antimicrobial surveillance system and antimicrobial stewardship are necessary for better management of antibiotics in addition to infection prevention practice in TASH settings.

scholarly journals Multi-Drug Resistant, Extended Spectrum beta-Lactamase and Carbapenemase Producing Bacterial Isolates among Septicemia Suspected under Five Children in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mequanint Mitiku ◽  
Zeleke Ayenew ◽  
Kassu Desta
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital

Abstract Background: Bloodstream infections due to bacterial pathogens are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among pediatric patients. Emergence of drug resistance in high classes of antibiotics among the bacterial pathogens is another issue of the public health concern. Therefore this study aimed to determine Multi-drug resistant, extended spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase producing bacterial isolates among septicemia suspected under five Children in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to June 2018 among pediatric patients with febrile illness aged under five in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital. Three hundred forty blood samples were collected and processed following standard microbiological techniques and culture was performed using BacT/Alert machine in combination with conventional method. AST of the isolates was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and MIC technique Result: A total of 137(40.2%) bacterial pathogens were isolated from 340 pediatric patients suspected of BSI with febrile illness. Of these isolates 54% were Gram negative bacteria. Of the isolates 43 (31.4%) Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinitiobactor species were the most frequently isolated pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were 95.6% MDR, 23.7% ESBL, and 27.1% CRE in children. Conclusion: In this study, Klebsiella pneumoniae and S. aureus are common pathogens associated with BSI in pediatrics with high antimicrobial resistance. The prevalence of MDR 51.1%, CRE 30.5% and ESBL 25.4% were alarmingly high in bacterial isolates. ESBL producing organisms were common in Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli isolates. Since most of isolates exhibit multidrug resistant, invitro- susceptibility of antimicrobials is mandatory. Strengthen antimicrobial surveillance system and antimicrobial stewardship are necessary for better management of antibiotics in addition to infection prevention practice in TASH settings. Key words: Blood stream infection, BacT/Alert, multi-drug resistance, Extended spectrum beta-lactamase, Carbapenem resistance entrobacteriaciae.

scholarly journals Multi-drug resistant, extended spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing bacterial isolates among children under five years old suspected bloodstream infection in a specialized Hospital in Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mequanint Mitiku Tadesse ◽  
Zeleke Ayenew Matebie ◽  
Kassu Desta Tullu
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital

Abstract Background : Bloodstream infections due to bacterial pathogens are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among pediatric patients. Emergence of drug resistance in high classes of antibiotics among the bacterial pathogens is another issue of the public health concern. Therefore, this study aimed to determine Multi-drug resistant, extended spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase producing bacterial isolates among septicemia suspected under five Children in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Methods : Across-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to June 2018 among pediatric patients with febrile illness aged under five in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital. Three hundred forty blood samples were collected and processed following standard microbiological techniques and culture was performed using BacT/Alert machine in combination with conventional method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and MIC technique. Result: A total of 137(40.2%) bacterial pathogens were isolated from 340 pediatric patients suspected of BSI with febrile illness. Of these isolates 54% were Gram negative bacteria. Among gram negative isolates 43 (31.4%) Klebsiella pneumonia e and Acinitiobacter species were the most frequently isolated pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were 95.6% MDR, 23.7% ESBL, and 27.1% CRE in children. Conclusion : In this study, Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common pathogens associated with BSI in pediatrics with high antimicrobial resistance. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing organisms were common in Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli isolates. Since most of isolates exhibit multidrug resistant, invitro- susceptibility of antimicrobials is mandatory. Strengthen antimicrobial surveillance system and antimicrobial stewardship is necessary for better management of antibiotics in addition to infection prevention practice in Hospital settings.

scholarly journals Multi-drug resistant, extended spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase producing bacterial isolates among children under five years old with suspected bloodstream infection in a specialized hospital in Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mequanint Mitiku Tadesse ◽  
Zeleke Ayenew Matebie ◽  
Kassu Desta Tullu
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital

Abstract BackgroundBloodstream infections due to bacterial pathogens are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among pediatric patients. Emergence of drug resistance in high classes to antibiotics among the bacterial pathogens is another issue of public health concern. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine multi-drug resistant, extended spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase producing bacterial isolates among suspected bloodsteam infection patients in children under five years of age at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to June 2018 among pediatric patients with febrile illness under five years of age at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Three hundred and forty blood samples were collected and processed following standard microbiological techniques and blood culture was performed using a BacT/Alert instrument in combination with conventional methods for identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).ResultA total of 137 (40.2%) bacterial pathogens were isolated from 340 pediatric patients suspected of bloodstream infection with febrile illness. Of these isolates, 54% were Gram negative bacteria. Among gram negative isolates 43 (31.4%) were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae and 8.7% Acinetobacter species were the most frequently isolated pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were 88.4 % (38/43) MDR, 32.5% (14/43) ESBL, and 37.2 %( 16/43) CRE .ConclusionIn this study, highly resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are common pathogen associated with BSI. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains were common in Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli isolates. Since most of isolates exhibit multidrug resistance, in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing is mandatory. A strengthened antimicrobial surveillance system and antimicrobial stewardship programs are necessary for better selection of antibiotics in addition to improved infection prevention practices in hospital settings.

scholarly journals Endometrial tuberculosis among patients undergoing endometrial biopsy at Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sileshi Abdissa ◽  
Tamrat Abebe ◽  
Gobena Ameni ◽  
Sisay Teklu ◽  
Yonas Bekuretsion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital

scholarly journals Predictors of Treatment Outcomes among Pediatric Patients Hospitalized with Pneumonia in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hilina Tsegaw ◽  
Mohammed Yimam ◽  
Dejen Nureye ◽  
Workineh Woldeselassie ◽  
Solomon Hambisa
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Good Treatment Outcome ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Poor Treatment Outcome

Background. Pneumonia remains the leading cause of hospitalization and mortality in young children in low- and middle-income countries. This study is aimed to assess predictors of treatment outcomes among pediatric patients hospitalized with pneumonia in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. A facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among pediatric patients admitted with pneumonia, considering patient medical charts recorded for a 1-year period from February 2017 to February 2018. The sample size was computed based on a single population proportion formula and giving a total sample size of 207. The systematic random sampling method was employed to select patient cards from the sampling frame. The data extraction format was used to extract any relevant information from patient chart. The processed data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 21). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the patients’ baseline characteristics and related information. The logistic regression model was fitted to determine factors associated with treatment outcomes. To identify predictors of poor treatment outcome, the level of significance was set at P < 0.05 . Results. From a total of 207 patient charts reviewed, more than half (55.6%) of the study participants were males. Majority of patients, 130 (62.8%), were in the age range of 1 month–11 months. Furthermore, 191 (92.3%) patients had good treatment outcome. Patients who treated with ceftriaxone + azithromycin were less likely to have poor treatment outcome compared with patients who were placed on crystalline penicillin (AOR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.01–0.83). On the contrary, patients who stayed ≥ 8 days were about 14.3 times more likely to have poor treatment outcome compared with patients who stayed ≤ 3 days (AOR = 14.3, 95% CI 1.35–151.1). Conclusion. Even though the study revealed good treatment outcome among the pediatric patients, particular consideration should be given to children in need of other interventions.

scholarly journals High prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae fecal carriage among children under five years in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258117
Author(s):  
Mekdes Alemu Tola ◽  
Negga Asamene Abera ◽  
Yonas Mekonnen Gebeyehu ◽  
Surafel Fentaw Dinku ◽  
Kassu Desta Tullu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Fecal Carriage ◽  
High Prevalence

Background Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria present an ever-growing burden in the hospital and community settings. Data on the prevalence of ESBL fecal carriage remain scarce in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae fecal carriage among children under five years in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2017. A total of 269 fecal/rectal swab samples were cultured on MacConkey agar. All positive cultures were characterized by colony morphology, Gram stain, and standard biochemical tests. Further, bacteria identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and phenotypic detection of ESBL production were performed using VITEK 2 Compact as per the instruction of the manufacturer. Socio-demographic and risk factors data were collected using questionnaires. Data were entered by EPI INFO version 7.2.1.0 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results The overall prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae was 17.1% (46/269; 95% CI: 12.9%–22.7%). A total of 47 isolates were ESBL-positive, of which, 83.0% were E. coli and 17.0% were K. pneumoniae. ESBL producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were also showed high levels of MDR (93.6%) and high rates of co-resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. However, all isolates were carbapenem susceptible. In the risk factors analysis, Children’s mothers who had lower educational level (primary school) (OR: 2.472, 95% CI: 1.323–4.618, P = 0.0062) and children who used tap water for drinking (OR: 1.714, 95% CI: 1.001–3.659, P = 0.048) were found to be significantly associated with higher ESBL fecal carriage. Conclusions In this study, the high prevalence rate of ESBL producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae fecal carriage and high level of multidrug resistance among ESBL producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae were demonstrated. This suggested that the necessity of routine screening of ESBL is crucial for the early detection and appropriate antibiotics selection for infection caused by ESBL producing pathogens.

scholarly journals Preoperative Fasting Time and Its Association with Hypoglycemia during Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Elective Procedures at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hussien Endris Assen ◽  
Anissa Mohammed Hassen ◽  
Ananya Abate ◽  
Bikis Liyew
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Preoperative Fasting ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital ◽  
Fasting Time

Background. Preoperative fasting is important to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration during anesthesia. The influence of prolonged fasting time on glucose levels during anesthesia in children remains uncertain. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing preoperative fasting time and its association with hypoglycemia during anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing elective procedures at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The research hypothesis of the study is as follows: there is a prolonged preoperative fasting time, and it influences the glucose levels during anesthesia among pediatric patients undergoing elective procedures at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 258 pediatric patients who had undergone elective procedures in a tertiary care center. A systematic sampling method was used to select study participants. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews and medical record reviews. Binary logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of hypoglycemia during anesthesia among pediatric patients undergoing elective procedures. All explanatory variables with a p value of ≤0.25 from the bivariable logistic regression model were fitted into the multivariable logistic regression model to control the possible effect of confounders, and finally, the variables which had an independent association with hypoglycemia were identified based on adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval, and a p value less than 0.05 was significant. Results. The mean (standard deviation) fasting hours from breast milk, solid foods, and clear fluids were 7.75 (2.89), 13.25 (3.14), and 12.31 (3.22), respectively. The majority (89.9%, 57.9%, and 100%) of participants had fasted from solid, breast milk, and clear fluids for more than 8, 6, and 4 hours, respectively. More than one-fourth (26.2%) of participants were hypoglycemic immediately after induction. Residence, order of nothing per mouth, source of patient, and duration of fasting from solid foods had a significant association with hypoglycemia during anesthesia in children. Conclusion. Children undergoing elective procedures were exposed to unnecessarily long fasting times which were associated with hypoglycemia during anesthesia.

scholarly journals Bacterial contamination and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of intensive care units medical equipment and inanimate surfaces at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Addis Darge ◽  
Atsebaha Gebrekidan Kahsay ◽  
Haftamu Hailekiros ◽  
Selam Niguse ◽  
Mahmud Abdulkader
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Contaminants ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Objective To determine bacterial contaminants and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from medical equipment and inanimate surfaces. Results Of 130 swabs, 115 (88.5%) swabs were culture positive, of which contaminated medical equipment and inanimate surfaces account 70 (83.3%) and 45 (97.8%), respectively. All the swabs collected from sphygmomanometer, bedside table, computer and computer standing tables were 100% contaminated with bacteria. From the culture-positive swabs, a total of 171 bacterial isolates were identified, out of which 117 (68.4%) and 54 (31.6%) isolates were gram-positive and gram-negative, respectively. Most isolates (82%) were resistant to ampicillin and 13%, 8.6%, and 14% was observed in ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and tetracycline respectively. Multi-drug resistant was observed in Escherichia coli (72.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (58.7%).

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