scholarly journals Initiation time of weaning and associated factors among mothers of children aged less than 2 years in Aksum town, Tigray, Ethiopia: A cross sectional study, July 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beriha Welay Knfu ◽  
Mekuria Kasa ◽  
Haftom Gebrehiwot Msgna ◽  
Birhane Hailu Gebrezgi ◽  
Tesfay Hailu Welu ◽  
...  

Abstract Abstract Background: Weaning is the period of time when infants introduce food different from breast milk in their diet, together with a gradual reduction of the intake of milk. It is estimated that 6% of under-five child mortality every year can be reduced through age appropriate infant feeding. Ethiopian demographic health survey 2016 declared that 21% of children consuming foods by age 4-5 months. Few Studies done in Ethiopia describe initiation time of weaning. Objective: To assess initiation time of weaning and associated factors among mothers of children aged less than 2 years in Aksum Town 2017/18. Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from December to May 2017/18 among 358 mothers of children. Simple random sampling technique was used to select from the five kebeles. Data was entered to Epi info version 7 and transported to SPSS version 22. Logistic regressions were used to identify the predictors of initiation time of weaning. Variables with P value <0.05 with 95% CI in the multivariable analysis were taken for declaring level of significance. The analyzed data were presented using texts, tables, graphs and charts. Result: In this study prevalence of early initiation of weaning was 38% (CI=33.0, 43.0). Mothers of children aged less than 2 years having poor knowledge on initiation of weaning Adjusted Odds Ratio ((AOR) =2.08, 95% CI=1.12, 3.90), mothers who were not received formal advice from health professionals on initiation of weaning (AOR =1.93, 95% CI=1.17, 3.16), mothers who return to work during post postpartum period (AOR= 3.32, CI=1.99, 5.54) and had family size of four and above (AOR= 2.53 ,95% CI=1.46, 4.39) were significantly associated factors with early initiation time of weaning. Conclusion: In this study prevalence of early initiation of weaning was high. Having poor knowledge, not received formal weaning advice, return to work and have family size of four and above were significantly associated factors with early initiation of weaning. Hence, Formal weaning advice should be given to mothers of children at health institutions during their prenatal care service regarding to initiation time of weaning. Key words: Initiation of weaning, early weaning, timely weaning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beriha Welay Knfu ◽  
Mekuria Kasa ◽  
Haftom Gebrehiwot Msgna ◽  
Birhane Hailu Gebrezgi ◽  
Tesfay Hailu Welu ◽  
...  

Abstract Abstract Background: Weaning is the period of time when infants introduce food different from breast milk in their diet, together with a gradual reduction of the intake of milk. It is estimated that 6% of under-five child mortality every year can be reduced through age appropriate infant feeding. Ethiopian demographic health survey 2016 declared that 21% of children consuming foods by age 4-5 months. Few Studies done in Ethiopia describe initiation time of weaning. Objective: To assess initiation time of weaning and associated factors among mothers of children aged less than 2 years in Aksum Town 2017/18. Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from December to May 2017/18 among 358 mothers of children. Simple random sampling technique was used to select from the five kebeles. Data was entered to Epi info version 7 and transported to SPSS version 22. Logistic regressions were used to identify the predictors of initiation time of weaning. Variables with P value <0.05 with 95% CI in the multivariable analysis were taken for declaring level of significance. The analyzed data were presented using texts, tables, graphs and charts. Result: In this study prevalence of early initiation of weaning was 38% (CI=33.0, 43.0). Mothers of children aged less than 2 years having poor knowledge on initiation of weaning Adjusted Odds Ratio ((AOR) =2.08, 95% CI=1.12, 3.90), mothers who were not received formal advice from health professionals on initiation of weaning (AOR =1.93, 95% CI=1.17, 3.16), mothers who return to work during post postpartum period (AOR= 3.32, CI=1.99, 5.54) and had family size of four and above (AOR= 2.53 ,95% CI=1.46, 4.39) were significantly associated factors with early initiation time of weaning. Conclusion: In this study prevalence of early initiation of weaning was high. Having poor knowledge, not received formal weaning advice, return to work and have family size of four and above were significantly associated factors with early initiation of weaning. Hence, Formal weaning advice should be given to mothers of children at health institutions during their prenatal care service regarding to initiation time of weaning. Key words: Initiation of weaning, early weaning, timely weaning


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248821
Author(s):  
Asefa Adimasu Taddese ◽  
Zelalem Nigussie Azene ◽  
Mehari Woldemariam Merid ◽  
Atalay Goshu Muluneh ◽  
Demiss Mulatu Geberu ◽  
...  

Background COVID-19 is the novel coronavirus responsible for the ongoing global outbreak of acute respiratory disease and viral pneumonia. In order to tackle the devastating condition of the virus, countries need to attack the virus with aggressive and targeted tactics. Thus, to strengthen the COVID-19 mitigation measures and to give rapid response, there is an urgent need to understand the public’s knowledge and attitude about of the pandemic at this critical moment. Objective This study was aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of communities about COVID-19 and associated factors among Gondar City residents. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was done among 623 respondents in Gondar city from April 20-27/2020. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from different literatures. The data were entered using Epi data version 3.1 and then exported into STATA version 14 for analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable binary logistic regression were performed. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI was used to declare statistically significant variables on the basis of p value less than 0.05 in the multivariable binary logistic regression model. Results The overall knowledge and attitude of the community towards COVID19 was 51.85% [95% CI (47.91%-55.78%)] and 53.13% [95% CI (49.20, 57.06%)], respectively. In this study, being married [AOR = 0.60 at 95% CI: (0.42, 0.86)], educational level; primary [AOR = 3.14 at 95% CI: (1.78,5.54)], secondary [AOR = 2.81 at 95% CI: (1.70,4.63)], college and above [AOR = 4.49 at 95% CI: 7.92, 13.98)], and family size [AOR = 1.80, at 95% CI: (1.05, 3.08)] were emerged as statistically significant factors impacting the knowledge of the community about COVID-19. Besides, educational level; primary [AOR = 1.76 at 95% CI: (1.03, 3.01)], secondary [AOR = 1.69 at 95% CI: (1.07, 2.68)], and college & above [AOR = 2.38 at 95% CI: (1.50, 3.79)], and family size; four to six members [AOR = 1.84 at 95% CI (1.27, 2.67)], above seven members [AOR = 1.79 at 95% CI (1.08, 2.96)] were factors identified as significantly attribute for positive attitude of the communities towards COVID-19. Conclusion More than half of the respondents had better knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19. Higher educational level and larger family size were significant factors predominantly affecting the knowledge and attitude of the communities towards COVID-19.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Ram Dhungana ◽  
Achyut Raj Pandey ◽  
Bihungum Bista ◽  
Suira Joshi ◽  
Surya Devkota

Objective. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension in newly declared municipalities of Kathmandu, Nepal.Design, Settings, and Participants. This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in the municipalities of Kathmandu District, Nepal, between January and July 2015. Study participants were aged 18 to 70 years, residing permanently in the study sites. Municipalities, Wards, households, and respondents were selected randomly.Results. Of the 587 participants, 58.8% were females, mean (SD) age was 42.3 (13.5) years, 29.3% had no formal education, 35.1% were Brahmins, and 41.2% were homemakers. Prevalence of hypertension was 32.5% (95% CI: 28.7–36.3). Age, gender, education, ethnicity, occupation, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diabetes, menopausal history, and family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension were significantly associated with hypertension. In multivariable analysis, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, and diabetes were identified as significant explanatory variables for hypertension.Conclusion. This study demonstrated that the people living in newly established municipalities of Kathmandu, Nepal, have a high burden of hypertension as well as its associated factors. Therefore, community-based preventive approaches like lifestyle modification and early detection and treatment of hypertension might bring a substantial change in tackling the burden effectively.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengesha Birkie ◽  
Tamrat Anbesaw

Abstract Background Knowledge and attitude towards mental illness are poor and neglected as compared to medical illness. However, there is an increasing burden of mental illness in the community. As per the knowledge of the investigators, studies are scarce and not done in the study area about knowledge and attitudes of mental illness. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and associated factors towards mental illness among, Dessie town residents. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dessie town, Northeast, Ethiopia from October 27 to November 29/2020. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed. The data were collected from 477 study participants using a standard structured questionnaire, which were Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS) and Community Attitude to Mental Illness Inventory (CAMI) respectively. Data were entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and, then exported to SPSS version 26 for analyses. Bivariable and Multivariable logistic regression analyses was employed. Results From 477 study participants the prevalence of poor knowledge and unfavorable attitude towards mental illness were 55.3% (95% CI: 50.9, 60.0) and 45.1% (95% CI: 40.7,49.5) respectively. Being female [AOR = 1.62 (95% CI:1.06,2.47)], could not read and write [AOR = 6.28 (95% CI: 2.56, 15.39)], lack of information about mental illness [AOR = 5.82 (95% CI: 3.78,8.94)] and unfavorable attitude [AOR =1.73 (95% CI: 1.12,2.66)] were variables found statistical significant with poor knowledge. Whereas, income < 2166 [AOR = 1.64, (95% CI: 1.12, 2.41)], poor social support [AOR = 2.04, (95% CI: 1.13, 3.68)], moderate social support [AOR = 2.44, (95% CI: 1.45, 3.97)] and poor knowledge [AOR = 1.66, (95% CI: 1.13,2.43)] were variables significantly associated with unfavorable attitude toward mental illness. Conclusion In this study about half of the community have poor knowledge, and less than half of the participants have an unfavorable attitude to wards mental illness. There are many factors associated with poor knowledge and unfavorable attitudes. This having poor knowledge and unfavorable attitude may cause certain problems like a decrease in health care of a person with mental illness. Therefore, we recommend practice-based awareness in the community regarding mental health problems needs to be addressed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endale WoldeKidan ◽  
Deresse Daka ◽  
Deresse Legesse ◽  
Tariku Laelago ◽  
Bealu Betebo

Abstract Background Trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading infectious cause of blindness. It is transmitted via personal contact with infected ocular and nasal secretions by hands, fomites and eye- seeking flies. Active trachoma is more common among children aged 1 to 9 years. The objective of this study was determining the prevalence of active trachoma and associated factors among children aged 1 to 9 years in rural community of Lemo district. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April, 2018 in rural community of Lemo district. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 589 study participants. Data were collected by using structured pre-tested questionnaire, physical examination and observation. Binocular loupe was used to identify active trachoma cases. The data were entered by using EPi-data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS. Binary logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with active trachoma. Variables with p-value < 0.05 in the multivariable analysis were used to declare significance of association. Result Eighty seven (15.2%) children were positive for active trachoma. Absence of solid waste disposal pit (AOR = 2.20, 95% CI (1.12-4.37), do not use latrine as reported by respondent (AOR = 7.53, 95% CI (2.86-19.84), do not use soap for face washing as reported by respondent (AOR =2.3, 95% CI (1.32–4.12), washing face frequency as reported by respondent (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI (1.06–3.26), and family size greater than five (AOR = 1.96, 95% CI (1.06–3.67) were significantly associated with active trachoma. Conclusion Active trachoma among children aged 1 to 9 years is high. Do not use latrine, do not use soap for face washing, and face washing frequency in a day as reported by respondents and family size were associated with active trachoma. Access to adequate water and sanitation can be important components in working towards eliminating trachoma as a public health problem. Therefore, prompt measures must be taken by concerned bodies to increase access to adequate water and sanitation facilities.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gelana Fekadu Mijena ◽  
Sintayehu Nigussie ◽  
Tesfaye Gobena ◽  
Habtamu Mitiku ◽  
Hassen Abdi

Abstract Background Despite blood transfusion has been available for the past 200 years; there is still a significant shortage of blood and blood products especially in low and middle income countries. In 2016 national blood demand of Ethiopia was estimated to be one million units per year, while only 17.4% (173,930) units of blood collected in the same year. Out of 25,400 units of blood requirement per year in West Hararghe, only 2750 units (10.8%) was collected in 2016 and 80% of these were from Civil servants. The aim of the study was to assess voluntary blood donation practice and associated factors among Chiro Town’s civil servants in 2018. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 383 civil servants selected by multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using self-administer and pre-tested questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and binary logistic regression was performed to assess the association between determinant factors and voluntary blood donation practice. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated to identify factors associated with the outcome variables in the multivariable analysis. A P<0.05 and AOR with 95% CI were used to report significance and strength of multivariable association, respectively. Results The life -time voluntary blood donation practice among civil servants was 43.7%(38.3,49.3). Having willingness to donate, [AOR=2.54; 95%CI=1.39, 4.65], being knowledgeable about blood donation [AOR=3.32; 95%CI=2.02, 5.46] and listening to mass media [AOR=1.83; 95%CI=1.01, 3.35] were variables significantly associated with voluntary blood donation practice. Conclusions This study shows poor Voluntary Blood donation practice while, having knowledge, willingness and access to mass media are attributable factors for blood donation practice in the study area.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nega Degefa ◽  
Ketema Diriba ◽  
Tekeste Girma ◽  
Amelework Kebede ◽  
Ayano Senbeto ◽  
...  

Background. The first 28 days of life (the neonatal period) constitute the most vulnerable time for a child’s survival. Overall 2.7 million neonatal deaths were stated by the 2015 global report of neonatal mortality and they account for 45% of under-five deaths. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region with the highest risk of death in the first month of life and is among the regions showing the least progress in reducing neonatal mortality in the world. Ethiopia, as part of sub-Saharan Africa, also shares the greatest risk of neonatal death. A recent report in Ethiopia showed that neonatal mortality was 29 deaths per 1,000 live births. Therefore, the signs that suggest the onset of severe illness which leads to death and their contributing factors should be identified. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge about neonatal danger signs and associated factors among mothers attending immunization clinic at Arba Minch General Hospital. Method. Institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed from Feb to April 2018. Systematic sampling technique was used to select a total of 345 mother-child pairs. A pretested, structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analysis were carried out using binary logistic regression to check and test the association between dependent and explanatory variables. Model fitness was checked by Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test. Result. Nearly two-fifths (40.9%) of all mothers had good knowledge about neonatal danger signs (95% CI; 35.7, 46.4). Close to thirty-three percent of mothers identified child’s body hotness (fever) as a neonatal danger sign. Maternal educational status (AOR: 5.64; 95% CI: 1.68, 18.95) and attendance of postnatal care (AOR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.36, 5.15) were significantly associated with maternal knowledge about neonatal danger signs in multivariable analysis. Conclusion. Even though considerable improvement has been achieved over the past decades as a result of expanded coverage of maternal and childcare services, still there are a significant number of mothers who have limited knowledge about neonatal danger signs. Therefore, interventional strategies that stress strengthening maternal education and ANC follow-up should be extended.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Wubie Birlie Chekol ◽  
Debas Yaregal Melesse

Introduction. Laryngospasm is a glottis closure due to reflex constriction of the laryngeal muscles. It can occur at any phase of the anesthetic. Different studies have been done previously with various results and indicative values which initiated us to do this research. This study aimed to assess the incidence and associated factors of laryngospasm among pediatric patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia (GA). Methods. Institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on pediatric patients from February to August, 2019, in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (UOGCSH). Data were entered and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Variables with P value less than <0.2 in bivariate analysis were fitted into the multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with laryngospasm. Both crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI were calculated to show strength of association. In multivariable analysis, P value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results. The incidence of laryngospasm among pediatric patients who underwent surgery under GA was 57 (18.4%). Of this, 34 (59.6%), 12 (21.1%), and 11 (19.3%) happened during emergence, maintenance, and induction phases of GA, respectively. In multivariable analysis, airway anomalies (AOR: 14.64, 95% CI: 1.71, 125.04), secretion (AOR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.19, 5.06), attempts of airway devices (AOR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.16, 5.22), upper respiratory tract infection (AOR: 2.91, 95% CI: 1.008, 8.41), and inadequate depth of anesthesia (AOR: 7.92, 95% CI: 2.7, 23.22) were significantly associated with incidence of laryngospasm. Conclusions. Laryngospasm can occur at any phase of the anesthetic. At UOGCSH, the overall rate of laryngospasm was 18.4%, with the vast majority of episodes occurring on emergence. Inadequate depth of anesthesia, URTI, airway anomalies, multiple attempts of airway devices, and oropharyngeal secretion were predictors of laryngospasm. So, added vigilance is needed in patients with URTI, airway anomalies, or those who require multiple attempts at airway device insertion. Prompt clearing of airway secretions and adequate depth of anesthesia may help to prevent laryngospasm. Since the majority of our patients received an IV induction, endotracheal intubation, and maintenance with halothane, caution must be taken in extrapolating these results to other patient populations.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252298
Author(s):  
Mekdes Dejenie ◽  
Sitotaw Kerie ◽  
Kidist Reba

Background Undiagnosed hypertension is defined as individuals who were hypertensive but did not report having been told by a health professional that they have hypertension. It is an important risk factor for development of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Despite those problems and benefits of finding individuals with undiagnosed hypertension to prevent its outcomes, no enough investigations have been done regarding the prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed hypertension. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors among bank workers in Ethiopia. Methods An institutional based cross-sectional study was held at Bahir Dar city bank workers. The simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Self-administered structured questionnaire and physical measurement were used to collect data. The data were entered into EPI data 3.1 versions and exported to SPSS version 23.0 statistical software for further analysis. In order to decide the association between independent and dependent variables; multivariate logistic regression analysis was implemented. A P-value of < 0.05 was used as the criterion for statistical significance and OR with 95% confidence interval was used to indicate the strength of association. Result In this study from a total of 524 participants 513 were completed the questionnaire correctly, which gives a response rate of 97.9%. The overall prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among bank workers was 24.8% with (95% CI 21.1–28.5). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that age 35–44 [AOR = 2.56, 95% CI: (1.60–4.09)], being male [AOR = 3.61, 95% CI: (1.84–7.05)], having moderate knowledge [AOR = 3.81, 95% CI: (2.29–6.34)], having poor knowledge [AOR = 6.19, 95% CI: (3.07-)12.48], and being physically inactivity [AOR = 2.91, 95% CI: (1.26–6.76)] were variables significantly associated with undiagnosed hypertension. Conclusion The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among bank workers in Bahir Dar city was found to be high. An age group of 35–44 years, being male, having moderate and poor knowledge and being physically inactivity was the variables that were significantly associated with undiagnosed hypertension. Therefore, creating awareness, frequent screening and implementation of an appropriate intervention for this vulnerable group is important.


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