scholarly journals Quantitative assessment and impact of thermal treatment on quality of Holstein dairy cattle colostrum immunoglobulin and viscosity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulwahed Ahmed Hassan ◽  
Sebastian Ganz ◽  
Florian Schneider ◽  
Axel Wehrend ◽  
Izhar U.H. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Moderate Change ◽  
C 30

Abstract BackgroundBovine postpartum colostrum delivers a vital source of immunoglobulins (Igs) and other non-specific immune factors for passive transfer of immunity to newborn calves. Heat treatment of colostrum is an effective practice to reduce potential pathogens that can be transmitted to the newborn calves. Therefore, there is a need to determine optimized temperature and time that can minimally change IgG concentration and the viscosity (consistency) of colostrum. In order to preserve the quality and value of bovine postpartum colostrum, this study aimed to determine the IgG concentration, influence of different thermal treatments on the quality of colostrum and other properties including viscosity, fat and color.ResultsA total of 40 German Holstein dairy cattle first colostrum samples, collected after birth, were evaluated for color gradation, fat (%), colostrum IgG (mg mL-1), IgG (%Brix) and refractive index (nD) concentration, visual and dynamic viscosity and impact of different treatments (60 °C/60 min; 63.5°C/30 min and 72.0°C/15 s) on the viscosity. The color was graded from white-pale yellow to yellow and dark-yellowish, fat (1.4 - 8.2%) and IgG concentration (4 - 116 mg mL-1), Brix (8.5% - 35.4% Brix) and nD (1.3454 - 1.3905), respectively. The visual viscosity of first colostrum was classified into watery, liquid and thick consistency, whereas the dynamic viscosity and treated colostrum ranged from <10 to 219 and <10 to 3066 centipoise (cP), respectively. The consistency of treated samples were classified into liquid, thick and solid with significant change in the dynamic viscosity.ConclusionData revealed significant variation in the IgG values where both measurement methods showed high congruence with IgG classification. Due to the fact that individual IgG values were disparate, this significantly affected the colostrum consistency with different treatments. The study showed that colostrum containing IgG ≤80 mg mL-1 and ≤68 mg mL-1 treated at 60°C for 60 min and 63.5°C for 30 min showed a slight to moderate change in the consistency which suggests that these two temperatures and lengths of time that had a minimal impact on the consistency can be used to pasteurize colostrum.

Quantitative assessment of German Holstein dairy cattle colostrum and impact of thermal treatment on quality of colostrum viscosity and immunoglobulins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulwahed Ahmed Hassan ◽  
Sebastian Ganz ◽  
Florian Schneider ◽  
Axel Wehrend ◽  
Izhar U.H. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
C 30 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to determine the color, fat, viscosity, IgG concentration, %Brix and refractive index of fresh postpartum colostrum of German Holstein dairy cattle and assess the impact of different thermal treatments on the visual and dynamic viscosity, in association to IgG concentration, of colostrum that can be used for pasteurization process. Results: Of the total 40 fresh postpartum colostrum, the color of colostrum (white-pale yellow to yellow and dark-yellowish), fat (1.4 - 8.2 100 g-1), IgG (4 - 116 mg mL-1), %Brix (8.5 - 35.4%), refractive index (1.3454 - 1.3905 nD), visual (ranging from watery to liquid and thick) and dynamic (4.9 - 219 cp) viscosity, were recorded. Statistical analysis between visual and dynamic viscosity of fresh colostrum showed significant correlation coefficients (rs = 634). Moreover, a significant correlation between viscosity and three IgG concentrations was observed. Heat-treated colostrum showed dynamic viscosity ranged from 25 to 3066 cP, where dynamic viscosity of colostrum before- and after heat-treatment showed no significant correlation. Treated colostrum containing IgG concentration ≤80 mg mL-1 at 60°C/60 min and ≤68 mg mL-1 at 63.5°C/30 min showed no significant change in the viscosity and can successfully be applied for pasteurization of first postpartum colostrum.

scholarly journals Quantitative assessment of German Holstein dairy cattle colostrum and impact of thermal treatment on quality of colostrum viscosity and immunoglobulins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulwahed Ahmed Hassan ◽  
Sebastian Ganz ◽  
Florian Schneider ◽  
Axel Wehrend ◽  
Izhar U.H. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
C 30 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to determine the color, fat, viscosity, IgG concentration, %Brix and refractive index of fresh postpartum colostrum of German Holstein dairy cattle and assess the impact of different thermal treatments on the visual and dynamic viscosity, in association to IgG concentration, of colostrum that can be used for pasteurization process.Results: Of the total 40 fresh postpartum colostrum, the color of colostrum (white-pale yellow to yellow and dark-yellowish), fat (1.4 - 8.2 100 g-1), IgG (4 - 116 mg mL-1), %Brix (8.5 - 35.4%), refractive index (1.3454 - 1.3905 nD), visual (ranging from watery to liquid and thick) and dynamic (4.9 - 219 cp) viscosity, were recorded. Statistical analysis between visual and dynamic viscosity of fresh colostrum showed significant correlation coefficients (rs = 634). Moreover, a significant correlation between viscosity and three IgG concentrations was observed. Heat-treated colostrum showed dynamic viscosity ranged from 25 to 3066 cP, where dynamic viscosity of colostrum before- and after heat-treatment showed no significant correlation. Treated colostrum containing IgG concentration ≤80 mg mL-1 at 60°C/60 min and ≤68 mg mL-1 at 63.5°C/30 min showed no significant change in the viscosity and can successfully be applied for pasteurization of first postpartum colostrum.

scholarly journals Impact of a mutation causing a deficiency of clotting factor on the incidence, productivity and reproduction of cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 02031
Author(s):  
Natalia Kovalyuk ◽  
Natalia Basova ◽  
Mikhail Staroselov ◽  
Ludmila Yakusheva ◽  
Julia Shakhnazarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
First Time

As a result of the study, new knowledge was obtained for the first time about the effect of the FXI locus polymorphism on the quality of reproduction in dairy cattle, the degree of influence of the FXI polymorphism on the frequency of development of pathologies of the reproductive organs, their clinical manifestation in individuals - carriers of the anomaly and healthy animals was established. The influence of the FXI locus polymorphism on embryonic and postembryonic mortality, clinical condition and safety of newborn calves in comparison with individuals without a genetic defect was determined.

Principles for construction of bioluminescent enzyme biotests for analysis of complex media

2019 ◽  
Vol 485 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
V. P. Kalyabina ◽  
E. N. Esimbekova ◽  
I. G. Torgashina ◽  
K. V. Kopylova ◽  
V. A. Kratasyuk
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Test System ◽  
Maximum Sensitivity ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Complex Media ◽  
Luminescent Bacterium ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Minimal Impact

We formulated the principles of designing bioluminescent enzyme tests for assessing the quality of complex media which consist in providing the maximum sensitivity to potentially toxic chemicals at a minimal impact of uncontaminated complex media. The developed principles served as a basis for designing a new bioluminescent method for an integrated rapid assessment of chemical safety of fruits and vegetables which is based on using the luminescent bacterium enzymes (NAD(P)H:FMN oxidoreductase and luciferase) as a test system.

scholarly journals High-Temperature Short-Time and Holder Pasteurization of Donor Milk: Impact on Milk Composition

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Diana Escuder-Vieco ◽  
Juan M. Rodríguez ◽  
Irene Espinosa-Martos ◽  
Nieves Corzo ◽  
Antonia Montilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
High Temperature Short Time ◽  
Lactose Concentration ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Milk Banks ◽  
Short Time

Holder pasteurization (HoP; 62.5 °C, 30 min) is commonly used to ensure the microbiological safety of donor human milk (DHM) but diminishes its nutritional properties. A high-temperature short-time (HTST) system was designed as an alternative for human milk banks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of this HTST system on different nutrients and the bile salt stimulated lipase (BSSL) activity of DHM. DHM was processed in the HTST system and by standard HoP. Macronutrients were measured with a mid-infrared analyzer. Lactose, glucose, myo-inositol, vitamins and lipids were assayed using chromatographic techniques. BSSL activity was determined using a kit. The duration of HTST treatment had a greater influence on the nutrient composition of DHM than did the tested temperature. The lactose concentration and the percentage of phospholipids and PUFAs were higher in HTST-treated than in raw DHM, while the fat concentration and the percentage of monoacylglycerides and SFAs were lower. Other nutrients did not change after HTST processing. The retained BSSL activity was higher after short HTST treatment than that following HoP. Overall, HTST treatment resulted in better preservation of the nutritional quality of DHM than HoP because relevant thermosensitive components (phospholipids, PUFAs, and BSSL) were less affected.

A model to predict the kinetics of mass loss in wood during thermo-vacuum modification

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ottaviano Allegretti ◽  
Ignazia Cuccui ◽  
Nasko Terziev ◽  
Laerte Sorini
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractMass loss (ML) of wood caused by thermal degradation is one of the most important features of the thermal treatments and referred to as an indicator of intensity and quality of the process. The ML is proportional to the quantity of the effective heat power exchanged during the treatment process, represented by the area of the temperature profile versus time during the process. In this paper a model for the ML prediction based on the relative area was discussed. The model proposed an analytical solution to take into account the non-linear trend of ML when plotted versus temperature and time as observed in isothermal experiments. The model was validated comparing calculated and measured final ML of samples treated during thermal modification tests with different temperature profiles. The results showed that the relative area calculated in a transformed time-temperature space improves the correlation with the measured ML.

Effects of over Heat and Casting Speed on Quality of GCr15 Billet

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 534-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wei Zuo ◽  
Xia An ◽  
Jing Bo Yang ◽  
Da Qiang Cang
Keyword(s):  
Casting Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Average Grade ◽  
Upset Forging ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Center Porosity

In order to improve the quality of the billets, the whole test proceedings by the comparison of the two casting conditions which one is over heat 20°C-30°C under casting speed 0.4m/min-0.6m/min and the other is over heat 10°C-15 °C under casting speed 1.3m/min-1.6m/min are checked during the produce process of GCr15 in some domestic steel-making plant. The results show that the average grade of general porosity decreases 1.0, the average grade of center porosity down 0.5, the average grade of center segregation fall 0.5 and the samples tested in hot upset forging perform better than before. According to the results, the latter is determined to be accepted.

A Review of Fidelity of Implementation in Intervention Research Published in JTPE and RQES

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Weidong Li ◽  
Lian Ma ◽  
Ping Xiang ◽  
Yan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Fidelity Of Implementation ◽  
Program Delivery ◽  
Program Adherence ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Program Differentiation

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review and evaluate the quality of fidelity of implementation (FOI) reported in experimental research in physical education pedagogy published in the Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport and the Journal of Teaching in Physical Education using a five-component conceptual framework. Methods: Thirty-five intervention studies were coded using a five-item FOI checklist with indicators. For each of the five items, frequencies and percentages were calculated. Results: Authors of intervention studies reported components of FOI including (a) 35 studies assessing program adherence, (b) eight studies assessing dosage/program durations, (c) 30 studies assessing program delivery quality, (d) eight studies assessing participant responses to program interventions, and (e) 19 studies assessing program differentiation. The most frequently reported FOI components were program adherence, program delivery quality, and program differentiation. Conclusions: Researchers have begun to realize the critical importance of FOI in intervention research. Most researchers selected certain FOI components to assess and report at their own discretion. Researchers may need to pay more attention to FOI. The five-component conceptual framework is one method for doing this assessment.

Heuristics as a new way of adjusting the end market value

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1581-1599
Author(s):  
Semen Yu. BOGATYREV
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Finance ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Psychological Measurement ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
The Cost

Subject. The study deals with heuristics as measures of the emotional impact of people who judge about the value and the final result of the valuation. I review ranges of the value variance when influenced by irrational factors. From psychological perspectives, some phenomena are explained with a set of heuristics that exist as part of behavioral finance. Objectives. Referring to the completed studies, I implement elements of behavioral finance, such as heuristics into the method for assessing how financial decision-makers and their emotions influence the value. Methods. The article is based on methods of induction and deduction to process survey results. Results. The article reveals the content of key methods for measuring emotions of financial decision-maker, which conclude on the value, being influenced by heuristics. I demonstrate tools for implementing psychological measurement methods as part of valuation. Conclusions and Relevance. Considering heuristics of value decision-makers, the appraiser and the cost analyst approximate the valuation result to the real conditions, when market actors are irrational. Doing so, they contribute to the quality of the result of appraisal. The findings are applicable to the practice of appraisers, cost analysts, fundamental analysts. Heuristics enrich and expands the classical apparatus of valuation and increases its quality.

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