Primary caregivers’s provision of a healthy diet in a resource constrained environment in South Africa.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Judith Brown ◽  
Nicolette Roman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thematic Framework

Abstract Background: Primary caregivers are frequently hearing mixed messages about healthy eating therefore, making it essential for these caregivers to have a clear understanding of what healthy eating is. The lack of understanding of what constituents healthy and nutritionally dense eating has not been investigated in low income families South Africa. Methods: A qualitative, cross-sectional study involving 10 in-depth interviews. Participants were purposefully selected. Data was analyzed manually using the thematic framework analysis method. The data was analyzed by means of thematic framework analysis Results: Primary caregivers struggled to provide daily access to food for their children, and at times would turn to family and friends for assistance in meal provision either through actual food or short-term financial assistance. For caregivers, limited resources impacted the ability of being able to provide a healthy diet. However, it was indicated that while shopping, caregivers looked for foods that were stated to be healthy and low in fat as well as for vitamins. These items were only accessible if they were cheap. Unemployment of fathers as well as absent fathers placed a great burden on mothers and grandmothers in the study group as this meant they needed to provide the nutritional, financial, emotional and physical care of the family. Conclusion: Primary caregivers’ food choices were based on the availability of resources, the cost, as well as access to quality food in the surrounding areas. It was also limited to what they were able to carry. Based on the reflection of primary caregivers, it was indicated that the consumption of processed foods and refined carbohydrates was high, while that of fruits and vegetables was low. Primary caregivers wanted the opportunity to learn about what a healthy diet is and how to be able to provide one for their family with their limited financial resources.

Factors which influence ‘healthy’ eating patterns: results from the 1993 Health Education Authority health and lifestyle survey in England

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
BM Margetts ◽  
RL Thompson ◽  
V Speller ◽  
D McVey
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
English Population

AbstractObjective:This study explores the factors that influence eating patterns in a nationally representative sample of the English population.Design:Subjects were interviewed in 1993; questions covered basic demographic details, attitudes about nutrition, and they completed a short food frequency questionnaire that had previously been validated. Cluster analysis was used to summarize dietary intake into more or less healthy clusters.Setting:A random sample ofthe English population.Subjects:A cross-sectional survey of 5553 men and women (response rate 70%) aged between 16 and 74 years.Results:As defined from the cluster analysis about half the sample were currently reporting a more healthy diet; respondents in the better educated middle-aged demographic cluster were more likely to report eating a more healthy diet than respondents in the younger lower-income family cluster. About three-quarters of all respondents believed that they either already ate a healthy diet or had changed to a healthy diet in the last 3 years. For those respondents who said they were eating a healthy diet about half of them were eating a more healthy diet. Respondents who had not changed their diet were more likely than those who had to believe that healthy foods were just another fashion (men 34% v. 13%; women 30% v. 12%). or expensive (men 50% v. 35%; women 53% v. 40%); they were less likely to care about what they ate (men 45% v. 13%; women 27% v. 7%). Nearly three-quarters of all respondents agreed that experts never agree about what foods are good for you. Younger, low-income families, and those who smoked, were the group least likely to be eating a more healthy diet.Conclusions:The results of this study suggest that about half of the population has reported a change to a healthier diet over the last 3 years and that overall about half of the population report eating a healthy diet. Those who had not made any change and were currently reporting a less healthy diet were more likely to smoke and come from the 'worse off' group in the survey; they were also more likely to hold negative attitudes about healthy eating. A more focused and integrated approach to promoting Dietary change healthy lifestyle in general is required, while at the same time ensuring that there is healthy eating continued support for the majority of the population who have made healthy dietary Cluster analysis changes.

scholarly journals The PROMISES study: a mixed methods approach to explore the acceptability of salivary progesterone testing for preterm birth risk among pregnant women and trained frontline healthcare workers in rural India

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e040268
Author(s):  
Danielle Ashworth ◽  
Pankhuri Sharma ◽  
Sergio A Silverio ◽  
Simi Khan ◽  
Nishtha Kathuria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thematic Framework

IntroductionIndia has an overall neonatal mortality rate of 28/1000 live births, with higher rates in rural India. Approximately 3.5 million pregnancies in India are affected by preterm birth (PTB) annually and contribute to approximately a quarter of PTBs globally. Embedded within the PROMISES study (which aims to validate a low-cost salivary progesterone test for early detection of PTB risk), we present a mixed methods explanatory sequential feasibility substudy of the salivary progesterone test.MethodsA pretraining and post-training questionnaire to assess Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) (n=201) knowledge and experience of PTB and salivary progesterone sampling was analysed using the McNemar test. Descriptive statistics for a cross-sectional survey of pregnant women (n=400) are presented in which the acceptability of this test for pregnant women is assessed. Structured interviews were undertaken with ASHAs (n=10) and pregnant women (n=9), and were analysed using thematic framework analysis to explore the barriers and facilitators influencing the use of this test in rural India.ResultsBefore training, ASHAs’ knowledge of PTB (including risk factors, causes, postnatal support and testing) was very limited. After the training programme, there was a significant improvement in the ASHAs’ knowledge of PTB. All 400 women reported the salivary test was acceptable with the majority finding it easy but not quick or better than drawing blood. For the qualitative aspects of the study, analysis of interview data with ASHAs and women, our thematic framework comprised of three main areas: implementation of intervention; networks of influence and access to healthcare. Qualitative data were stratified and presented as barriers and facilitators.ConclusionThis study suggests support for ongoing investigations validating PTB testing using salivary progesterone in rural settings.

Factors That Protect Children From Community Violence: Applying the INSPIRE Model to a Sample of South African Children

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626051989842
Author(s):  
N. Suzanne Falconer ◽  
Marisa Casale ◽  
Caroline Kuo ◽  
Beverly J. Nyberg ◽  
Susan D. Hillis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
World Health ◽  
Young Carers ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional

Community violence is a prevalent form of interpersonal violence in South Africa for children living in low-income areas. Trauma arising from violence exposure is of concern in contexts where access to treatment is often unattainable. As simultaneous multisectoral strategies show higher potential to counter interpersonal violence than single interventions, the World Health Organization with partners created INSPIRE. INSPIRE takes an integrated approach coordinated across formal and informal settings of civil and private society. Responding to research paucity on methods that counter community violence in LMIC settings, this study employed a cross-sectional correlational design consisting of a sample of 2,477 children aged 10 to 17 years from the Young Carers 2009–2010 study conducted in a low-income, HIV-endemic province of South Africa highly affected by community violence. Multiple logistic regressions assessed individual and dose associations between four INSPIRE-based violence prevention strategies—positive parenting, basic necessities, formal social support, and school structural support—and direct and indirect community violence outcomes. Three strategies had significant associations with community violence outcomes: necessities (direct p < .001; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = .57; indirect p < .01; AOR = .62), formal support (direct p < .05; AOR = .83; indirect p < .05; AOR = .73), and school support (direct p < .001; AOR = .53; indirect p < .001; AOR = .49). Combined interventions in direct and indirect community violence analyses demonstrated that children reporting a higher number of strategies were less likely to have experienced community violence. This outcome extends the results of longitudinal studies in South Africa highlighting social protection with care as a means to overcome structural deprivation strains, thereby reducing the likelihood of children’s exposure to community violence. Moreover, these findings uphold the INSPIRE model as an effective cross-sectoral approach to prevent and reduce the community violence that children experience.

scholarly journals Attitudes towards and beliefs about nutrition and health among a random sample of adults in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (5a) ◽  
pp. 1117-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Kearney ◽  
Michael J Gibney ◽  
Barbara E Livingstone ◽  
Paula J Robson ◽  
Mairead Kiely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
The Republic

AbstractObjectivesFor effective healthy eating promotion, it is necessary to understand the attitudes towards and beliefs about nutrition of the general public. The objective of this study was to provide data on attitudes towards eating a healthy diet and the perceived need to alter eating habits from a random sample of adults in the Republic of Ireland and in Northern Ireland, using a self-administered questionnaire.DesignCross-sectional survey using a self-administered attitudinal questionnaire on beliefs and attitudes to healthy eating.SettingThe survey was carried out between October 1997 and October 1999 in the Republic of Ireland and in Northern Ireland.SubjectsA randomly selected sample of 1256 adults from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland completed the attitudinal questionnaire.ResultsA majority of subjects (62%) perceived that they make conscious efforts to eat a healthy diet either most of the time or quite often, while just over half (52%) agreed that they do not need to make changes to their diet as it is healthy enough. Subjects most likely to make conscious efforts to try to eat a healthy diet were females, older subjects (51-64 years) and those with the highest intakes of fruit and vegetables and lowest quartile of fat (% food energy). When self-assessed adequacy of fruit and vegetables was examined, two-thirds of the total sample felt they ate too little fruit while just one-third felt they ate too little vegetables.ConclusionResults of the present study, in general, revealed good agreement between attitude and behaviour with respect to healthy eating. This suggests that people appear to be reasonably accurate at evaluating their own diet in terms of how healthy it is. In terms of the two food groups examined in this study, some optimistic bias was evident for vegetables but not for fruit. It may be useful therefore to assess attitudes and beliefs about healthy eating by way of examining attitudes to such food groups individually.

scholarly journals Migration status and prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in Gauteng province, South Africa: effect modification by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics—a cross-sectional population-based study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e027427
Author(s):  
Melitah Motlhale ◽  
Jabulani Ronnie Ncayiyana
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Migration Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Internal Migrant ◽  
Ward Level

IntroductionEvidence from low-income and middle-income countries suggests that migration status has an impact on health. However, little is known about the effect that migration status has on morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between migration status and hypertension and diabetes and to assess whether the association was modified by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.MethodsA Quality ofLife survey conducted in 2015 collected data on migration status and morbidity from a sample of 28 007 adults in 508 administrative wards in Gauteng province (GP). Migration status was divided into three groups: non-migrant if born in Gauteng province, internal migrant if born in other South African provinces, and external migrant if born outside of South Africa. Diabetes and hypertension were defined based on self-reported clinical diagnosis. We applied a recently developed original, stepwise-multilevel logistic regression of discriminatory accuracy to investigate the association between migration status and hypertension and diabetes. Potential effect modification by age, sex, race, socioeconomic status (SES) and ward-level deprivation on the association between migration status and morbidities was tested.ResultsMigrants have lower prevalence of diabetes and hypertension. In multilevel models, migrants had lower odds of reporting hypertension than internal migrants (OR=0.86; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.95) and external migrant (OR=0.60; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.75). Being a migrant was also associated with lower diabetes prevalence than being an internal migrant (OR=0.84; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.94) and external migrant (OR=0.53; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.68). Age, race and SES were significant effect modifiers of the association between migration status and morbidities. There was also substantial residual between-ward variance in hypertension and diabetes with median OR of 1.61 and 1.24, respectively.ConclusionsMigration status is associated with prevalence of two non-communicable conditions. The association was modified by age, race and SES. Ward-level effects also explain differences in association.

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of anxiety disorders amongst low-income pregnant women in urban South Africa: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thandi van Heyningen ◽  
Simone Honikman ◽  
Landon Myer ◽  
Michael N. Onah ◽  
Sally Field ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban South

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and Behavioural Determinants of a Healthy Diet in Switzerland

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Marques-Vidal ◽  
Gérard Waeber ◽  
Peter Vollenweider ◽  
Murielle Bochud ◽  
Silvia Stringhini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Education ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Individual

Background/Aims: The determinants of a healthy diet have not been studied in Switzerland. This study aimed at assessing the individual and behavioural factors associated with a healthy diet in a Swiss city. Methods: Cross-sectional, population-based study conducted between 2009 and 2013 (n = 4,439, 2,383 women, mean age 57.5 ± 10.3 years) in Lausanne. Food consumption was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Two Mediterranean diet scores (classic score and specific for Switzerland) and the Harvard School of Public Health alternate healthy eating index were computed. Results: For all three dietary scores considered, living in couple or having a high education were associated with a healthier diet. An unhealthy lifestyle (smoking, sedentary behaviour) or a high body mass index were associated with an unhealthier diet. Participants born in Italy, Portugal and Spain had healthier diets than participants born in France or Switzerland. Women and elderly participants had healthier diets than men and young participants according to 2 scores, while no differences were found for the Swiss-specific Mediterranean score. Conclusions: In Switzerland, healthy eating is associated with high education, a healthy lifestyle, marital status and country of origin. The associations with gender and age depend on the dietary score considered.

Terminal Delirium in Hospice: The Experiences and Perspectives of Caregivers Providing Care to Terminally Ill Patients in Home Settings

2021 ◽  
pp. 104990912110007
Author(s):  
Jacek T. Soroka ◽  
Krista J. Fling ◽  
Jennifer M. Heibel ◽  
Gregory R. Kutcher ◽  
Sarah J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Caregiver Experiences ◽  
At Home

Objectives: Little is known about the experiences of caregivers who provide care to persons with terminal delirium (TD) in home settings. This scarcity of information is suggestive that further research is needed about care for hospice patients with delirium in the home and community. Aim: To elicit views, feelings, and end-of-life care experiences of primary caregivers assisting dying persons with TD in hospice at home. Design: Qualitative, exploratory, cross-sectional study design was chosen. In-depth semistructured interviews explored caregiver experiences in caring for persons with TD. Qualitative thematic framework analysis was used. Participants: Fifteen bereaved adult primary caregivers who received services from a hospice care program affiliated with a large nonprofit health system in the US Midwest. Results: Caregiver experiences were broad and reflected 4 major themes: symptomology, coping, effective and noneffective interventions, and support. The most distressing factors for caregivers were behaviors and symptomology of TD. They did not know what to say, how to respond, and how best to behave with someone who had delirium. Many caregivers had the impression that medication does not lessen delirium symptoms and that nonpharmacologic interventions are effective and beneficial only when they were important and meaningful to patients before delirium onset. Conclusions: This study added new knowledge from direct and personal perspectives of caregivers providing end-of-life care to patients at home. Understanding developed about provision of care to someone with TD in home hospice. Improved comprehension of caregiver experiences can help professional hospice and palliative care staff better prepare caregivers for when patients have TD.

scholarly journals Exploring the Perspectives of South African Parents and Primary Caregivers Living in Low-Income Communities on What Children Need to Thrive within the First 1000 Days of Life

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Babatope O. Adebiyi ◽  
Tessa Goldschmidt ◽  
Fatiema Benjamin ◽  
Inge K. Sonn ◽  
Nicolette V. Roman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Parental Roles ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
Sampling Approach

The first 1000 days is recognised as a critical period for the development of children. What children need to thrive in this particular phase of development may be different from any other phase. In South Africa, parents’ perception of children’s needs within the first 1000 days of life could be considered as emerging. Therefore, this study aims to explore the perspectives of South African parents and primary caregivers on what children need to thrive within the first 1000 days. An exploratory qualitative study design was used to explore the parents’ understanding of what children need to thrive in the first 1000 days. A purposive sampling approach was employed to select parents and primary caregivers in low-income communities. In all, thirty respondents participated in the study. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. During the analysis, four themes emerged. The themes included (1) the importance of parenting, care and support; (2) children’s need for holistic development; (3) parental roles; and (4) sharing responsibilities. Parents and primary caregivers living in low-income communities understand what children need to thrive within the first thousand days of life. The study could assist policymakers and service providers to design appropriate interventions for parents within these communities.

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