scholarly journals Association of Maternal Ethnicity and Urbanicity on Severe Pediatric Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ting Chang ◽  
Huei-Shyong Wang ◽  
Jia-Rou Liu ◽  
Chi-Nan Tseng ◽  
I-Jun Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Healthy Migrant Effect

Abstract Background: A healthy migrant effect on birth outcomes has been reported, however, whether this protective effect persists throughout childhood is unknown. The effect of urbanicity on child health among an immigrant population is unclear. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence rate and cumulative incidence of severe diseases among urban children of Taiwan-born mothers, rural children of Taiwan-born mothers, urban children of foreign-born mothers, and rural children of foreign-born mothers. Methods: A nationwide cohort study was conducted for children born in Taiwan during 2004-2011 and follow-up till age 4 to 11 years old by linkage the Taiwan Birth Registry 2004-2011, Taiwan Death Registry 2004-2015, and National Health Insurance Research Database 2004-2015. Cox proportional hazards model (multivariable) was used to examine differences among the four study groups. Results: There were 682,982 urban children of Taiwan-born mothers, 662,818 rural children of Taiwan-born mothers, 61,570 urban children of foreign-born mothers, 87,473 rural children of foreign-born mothers. Children of foreign-born mothers had a lower incidence of vasculitis, mainly Kawasaki disease. The incidences of congenital disorders did not differ between children of foreign-born mothers and children of Taiwan-born mothers. The incidence of psychotic disorders was higher in urban children. However, children in rural areas had a higher incidence of major trauma/burn and a higher mortality rate. Conclusions: A healthy migrant effect was only seen for Kawasaki disease. The mental health of urban children born to immigrant mothers warrants concern.

scholarly journals Association of maternal ethnicity and urbanicity on severe pediatric disease: a nationwide cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ting Chang ◽  
Huei-Shyong Wang ◽  
Jia-Rou Liu ◽  
Chi-Nan Tseng ◽  
I-Jun Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Healthy Migrant Effect

Abstract Background A healthy migrant effect on birth outcomes has been reported, however, whether this protective effect persists throughout childhood is unknown. The effect of urbanicity on child health among an immigrant population is unclear. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence rate and cumulative incidence of severe diseases among urban children of Taiwan-born mothers, rural children of Taiwan-born mothers, urban children of foreign-born mothers, and rural children of foreign-born mothers. Methods A nationwide cohort study was conducted for children born in Taiwan during 2004–2011 and follow-up till age 4 to 11 years old by linkage the Taiwan Birth Registry 2004–2011, Taiwan Death Registry 2004–2015, and National Health Insurance Research Database 2004–2015. Cox proportional hazards model (multivariable) was used to examine differences among the four study groups. Results There were 682,982 urban children of Taiwan-born mothers, 662,818 rural children of Taiwan-born mothers, 61,570 urban children of foreign-born mothers, 87,473 rural children of foreign-born mothers. Children of foreign-born mothers had a lower incidence of vasculitis, mainly Kawasaki disease. The incidences of congenital disorders did not differ between children of foreign-born mothers and children of Taiwan-born mothers. The incidence of psychotic disorders was higher in urban children. However, children in rural areas had a higher incidence of major trauma/burn and a higher mortality rate. Conclusions A healthy migrant effect was only seen for Kawasaki disease. The mental health of urban children born to immigrant mothers warrants concern.

scholarly journals Association of Maternal Ethnicity and Urbanicity on Severe Pediatric Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ting Chang ◽  
Huei-Shyong Wang ◽  
Jia-Rou Liu ◽  
Chi-Nan Tseng ◽  
I-Jun Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Healthy Migrant Effect

Abstract Background A healthy migrant effect on birth outcomes has been reported, however, whether this protective effect persists throughout childhood is unknown. The effect of urbanicity on child health among an immigrant population is unclear. Objectives We compared the incidence rate and cumulative incidence of severe diseases among urban children of Taiwan-born mothers, rural children of Taiwan-born mothers, urban children of foreign-born mothers, and rural children of foreign-born mothers. Methods A nationwide cohort study was conducted for children born in Taiwan during 2004-2011 and follow-up till age 4 to 11 years old by linkage the Taiwan Birth Registry 2004-2011, Taiwan Death Registry 2004-2015, and National Health Insurance Research Database 2004-2015. Cox proportional hazards model (multivariable) was used to examine differences among the four study groups. Results There were 682,982 urban children of Taiwan-born mothers, 662,818 rural children of Taiwan-born mothers, 61,570 urban children of foreign-born mothers, 87,473 rural children of foreign-born mothers. Children of foreign-born mothers had a lower incidence of vasculitis, mainly Kawasaki disease. The incidences of congenital disorders did not differ between children of foreign-born mothers and children of Taiwan-born mothers. The incidence of psychotic disorders was higher in urban children. However, children in rural areas had a higher incidence of major trauma/burn and a higher mortality rate. Conclusions A healthy migrant effect was only seen for Kawasaki disease. The mental health of urban children born to immigrant mothers warrants concern.

scholarly journals Association of Maternal Ethnicity and Urbanicity on Severe Pediatric Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ting Chang ◽  
Huei-Shyong Wang ◽  
Jia-Rou Liu ◽  
Chi-Nan Tseng ◽  
I-Jun Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Healthy Migrant Effect

Abstract Background A healthy migrant effect on birth outcomes has been reported, however, whether this protective effect persists throughout childhood is unknown. The effect of urbanicity on child health among an immigrant population is unclear. Objectives We compared the incidence rate and cumulative incidence of severe diseases among urban children of Taiwan-born mothers, rural children of Taiwan-born mothers, urban children of foreign-born mothers, and rural children of foreign-born mothers. Methods A nationwide cohort study was conducted for children born in Taiwan during 2004-2011 and follow-up till age 4 to 11 years old by linkage the Taiwan Birth Registry 2004-2011, Taiwan Death Registry 2004-2015, and National Health Insurance Research Database 2004-2015. Cox proportional hazards model (multivariable) was used to examine differences among the four study groups. Results There were 682,982 urban children of Taiwan-born mothers, 662,818 rural children of Taiwan-born mothers, 61,570 urban children of foreign-born mothers, 87,473 rural children of foreign-born mothers. Children of foreign-born mothers had a lower incidence of vasculitis, mainly Kawasaki disease. The incidences of congenital disorders did not differ between children of foreign-born mothers and children of Taiwan-born mothers. The incidence of psychotic disorders was higher in urban children. However, children in rural areas had a higher incidence of major trauma/burn and a higher mortality rate. Conclusions A healthy migrant effect was only seen for Kawasaki disease. The mental health of urban children born to immigrant mothers warrants concern.

scholarly journals High Risk of Deep Neck Infection in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geng-He Chang ◽  
Meng-Chang Ding ◽  
Yao-Hsu Yang ◽  
Yung-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Chia-Yen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Deep Neck Infection ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Neck Infection

Objective: To investigate the risk of deep neck infection (DNI) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: The database of the Registry for Catastrophic Illness Patients, affiliated to the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, was used to conduct a retrospective cohort study. In total, 5741 patients with T1DM and 22,964 matched patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) were enrolled between 2000 and 2010. The patients were followed up until death or the end of the study period (31 December 2013). The primary outcome was the occurrence of DNI. Results: Patients with T1DM exhibited a significantly higher cumulative incidence of DNI than did those without DM (p < 0.001). The Cox proportional hazards model showed that T1DM was significantly associated with a higher incidence of DNI (adjusted hazard ratio, 10.71; 95% confidence interval, 6.02–19.05; p < 0.001). The sensitivity test and subgroup analysis revealed a stable effect of T1DM on DNI risk. The therapeutic methods (surgical or nonsurgical) did not differ significantly between the T1DM and non-DM cohorts. Patients with T1DM required significantly longer hospitalization for DNI than did those without DM (9.0 ± 6.2 vs. 4.1 ± 2.0 days, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the patients with T1DM were predisposed to DNI at a younger age than were those without DM. Conclusions: T1DM is an independent risk factor for DNI and is associated with a 10-fold increase in DNI risk. The patients with T1DM require longer hospitalizations for DNI and are younger than those without DM.

scholarly journals The phenomenon of zinc deficiency among children in China aged 3–5 years old

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Bi ◽  
Zhenyu Yang ◽  
Xuehong Pang ◽  
Yifan Duan ◽  
Jianqiang Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Control Samples

AbstractIntroductionzinc is an essential micro-nutrient for growth and proper immune function. Yet there are limited data available on the prevalence of zinc deficiency among children aged 3–5 at the country level. This information will enable health planners to determine the need for zinc intervention activities and to stimulate further research into these areas.materials and methodsThe data on children aged 3–5 were extracted from the Chinese National Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2013. By multi-stage stratified cluster randomly sampling method, 30 children aged 3–5 years old were selected from each region for this study from 55 counties in China to analyze serum zinc. Finally, 1472 children aged 3–5 years were included in the study. The concentration of serum zinc was determined by high resolution inductively coupled plasm mass spectrometry. High and low level quality control samples were used, measured value was (1.63 ± 0.04)mg/l and (2.80 ± 0.06)mg/l, respectively. CV of quality control samples were 1.69%~2.45%. The zinc deficiency was defined as serum zinc level < 70μg/dl with the standard of WHO.Resultsserum zinc means of children aged 3–5 years was (95.3 ± 18.2)μg/dl and 3.9% children with zinc deficiency. serum zinc means level in urban children was (98.9 ± 17.6)μg/dl, and (91.6 ± 18.2)μg/dl in rural area. we showed that the serum zinc deficiency rate was higher in rural children (5.5%) than urban children (2.4%), and there were significant differences between these two areas. serum zinc means level in boys aged 3–5 years was (95.3 ± 18.7)μg/dl, and (95.3 ± 17.8)μg/dl in girls aged 3–5 years old. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 1.5%, 6.6% and 1.8% in 3~,4~,5~ years old urban boys, respectively; 6.8%, 7.7% and 4.0% in rural boys, respectively. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 2.3%, 0.8% and 1.7% in 3~,4~,5~ years old urban girls, respectively; 4.1%, 7.0% and 4.0% in rural girls, respectively. And there were differences between urban and rural areas in girls of 4~.5 years.DiscussionThe zinc level of children aged 3–5 years in China has been improved compared with ten years ago, but the zinc deficiency of rural children is still lower than that of urban children, especially those aged 4 to 5 years in rural areas, so we should pay more attention to this group.

scholarly journals The Nutritional and Micronutrient Status of Urban Schoolchildren with Moderate Anemia is Better than in a Rural Area in Kenya

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Charlotte Evang ◽  
Tsige-Yohannes Habte ◽  
Willis Omondi Owino ◽  
Michael Bernhardt Krawinkel
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Low diet quality is a driver of general and micronutrient malnutrition in urban and rural areas. The objective was to compare malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies linked to dietary intake among urban and rural schoolchildren from food insecure settings in Kenya. The cross-sectional study was conducted among urban and rural schoolchildren aged 7–9 years. Height and weight were measured, venous blood samples were assessed and data on dietary intake was collected. After screening out children with hemoglobin >12.2 g/dL and moderate or severe undernutrition, a total of 36 urban and 35 rural children participated. The prevalence of moderate underweight, wasting, and stunting were lower in urban than in rural children, with significant differences in median z-scores for underweight (p < 0.001) and wasting (p < 0.001). Significantly higher values for serum ferritin (p = 0.012) and zinc (p < 0.001) were found in urban children. Yet, the median adequacy ratios were higher for vitamin C (p = 0.045), iron (p = 0.003), and zinc (p = 0.003) in rural than in urban children. General nutritional, iron, and zinc status were significantly better in slightly anemic urban children than in rural ones. Improving the nutrition of schoolchildren in urban and rural settings requires different dietary approaches.

scholarly journals Risk of pleural empyema in patients with schizophrenia: a nationwide propensity-matched cohort study in Taiwan

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e021187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Te-Chun Shen ◽  
Chia-Hung Chen ◽  
Yu-Jhen Huang ◽  
Cheng-Li Lin ◽  
Ting-Chang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Pleural Empyema ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Comparison Cohort

ObjectiveThoracic infection and pneumonia are prevalent in patients with schizophrenia; however, it is unclear whether patients with schizophrenia are at an increased risk of developing pleural empyema.DesignA retrospective cohort study with propensity-matched cohorts with and without schizophrenia.SettingUsing the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan.ParticipantsWe identified 55 888 patients with schizophrenia newly diagnosed in 2000–2011 and same number of individuals without schizophrenia as the comparison cohort, frequency matched by propensity scores estimated using age, sex, occupation, income, urbanisation, year of diagnosis and comorbidities.Primary outcome measuresWe assessed incident pleural empyema by the end of 2011 and used the Cox proportional hazards model to calculate the schizophrenia cohort to comparison cohort HR of pleural empyema.ResultsThe overall incidence of pleural empyema was 2.44-fold greater in the schizophrenia cohort than in the comparison cohort (4.39vs1.80 per 10 000 person-years), with an adjusted HR of 2.87(95% CI 2.14 to 3.84). Stratified analyses by age, sex, occupation, income, urbanisation and comorbidity revealed significant hazards for pleural empyema associated with schizophrenia in all subgroups.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia are at an increased risk of developing pleural empyema and require greater attention and appropriate support.

Risk of psychiatric disorders in overactive bladder syndrome: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian-Sheng Tzeng ◽  
Hsin-An Chang ◽  
Chi-Hsiang Chung ◽  
Yu-Chen Kao ◽  
Hui-Wen Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Increased Risk

Population-based cohort study investigating the risk of depression and other psychiatric disorders for patients with overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome is unavailable. This study investigated the subsequent risk of psychiatric disorders among patients with OAB in an Asian population. Using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, we established a cohort with 811 patients in an exposed group with OAB between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2000, and a non-exposed group, without OAB, of 2433 patients without OAB matched by age and year of diagnosis. The occurrence of psychiatric disorders and Cox regression model measured adjusted HRs (aHR) were monitored until the end of 2013. The overall incidence of psychiatric disorders was 41.7% higher in the exposed group with OAB than in the non-exposed group without OAB (14.2% vs 10.1%, p<0.001), with an aHR of 1.34 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.80, p<0.001) for the OAB cohort. OAB was associated with the increased risk of dementia, anxiety, depressive, sleep, and psychotic disorders, with aHRs as 1.53 (p=0.040), 1.61 (p<0.001), 2.10 (p<0.001), 1.43 (p<0.001), and 2.49 (p=0.002), respectively. The risk of psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety, is significantly higher in patients with OAB than in those without OAB. Evaluation of psychiatric status in patients with OAB is strongly recommended.

Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii and Cat Ownership in Nova Scotia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1169-1172
Author(s):  
Linda H. Pereira ◽  
Miriam Staudt ◽  
Charles E. Tanner ◽  
Juan A. Embil
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Diagnostic Center

In this survey, 998 children and adolescents between 7 months and 17 years of age who attended a hospital diagnostic center in the city of Halifax, Nova Scotia, for routine evaluation were tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibody. The 5.2% prevalence rate of antibody for children living in the outlying rural areas was significantly higher than the 1.1% rate among the urban children (P = .0006). Seroprevalence increased with age for both rural and urban children. Cat ownership was associated with antibodies to Toxoplasma among rural children but not urban children. Rural children who lived in a house with more than one cat were two times more likely to be infected than children who had one cat and three times more likely to be infected than children with no cats. The geometric mean titer was also significantly higher among the rural children with more than one cat, 1:152, than rural children with one or no cats, 1:63 (P = .02). In light of these findings for children and adolescents, the association of Toxoplasma infection with cat ownership needs to be thoroughly evaluated among pregnant women in rural areas.

scholarly journals O7B.3 A cohort study of sleep on health psychology among professional drivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A63.1-A63
Author(s):  
Yu Jen Lin ◽  
Yue Liang Guo ◽  
Saou-Hsing Liou
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Professional Drivers ◽  
Sleep Assessment

BackgroundLong-term effects of sleep-related factors on risk of psychiatric disorders among professional drivers have not been conclusive. A cohort study was used to evaluate the effectiveness of subjective and objective sleep assessment tools to assess for both the 7 year risk of psychiatric disorders events. Methods: Taiwan Bus Driver Cohort Study (TBDCS) recruited 1650 professional drivers from a large bus company in Taiwan in 2005. The subjects were interviewed in person, completed the sleep assessment questionnaires (Pittsburg sleeping quality score (PSQI), Epworth daytime sleepiness score (ESS), Snore Outcomes Survey score(SOS)), and had an overnight pulse oximeter survey. Psychiatric diseases as diagnosed in the National Health Research Database were the outcomes of this study, including substance abuse, anxiety, mood, and sleep disorders. Cox proportional hazards model was performed to estimate the hazard ratio for psychiatric disorders. Results: Between 2006 and 2012, 102 bus drivers were diagnosed as having psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorders were related to higher PSQI score, SOS score, ODI4 levels, and ODI3 levels. The relation between PSQI and psychiatric disorders remains robust after adjusting for age, education, drinking, smoking, refreshing drinks, exercise, bus driving experience, and shift modes. Conclusion: This study showed increased psychiatric disorders in the 7 year follow-up after self-reported poor sleeping quality. Further research is warranted to develop strategies for preventing sleep-related psychiatric disorders among professional drivers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document