scholarly journals Applicability of logistic regression with sum-to-zero constraint parameterization in risk assessment for parotid malignancy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari Messinger Cayetano ◽  
Kaming Lo ◽  
Christopher Fundakowski ◽  
Zoukaa Sargi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Reference Cell ◽  
Model Parameterization ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Disease

Abstract Background Investigative interest is often to determine how results from a diagnostic tool change the patient’s risk of disease with respect to the overall(naïve) risk at clinical presentation. Logistic regression is popular for data analysis for this type of investigation. However, standard approach, which uses reference cell coding, may not be informative in this setting. This is because this approach compares the risk between two distinct groups.Methods We considered weighted and unweighted approaches to model parameterization using deviation from means coding for assessing the risk of parotid malignancy, comparing patients with indeterminate fine-needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) results with the general(naïve) risk among all presenting patients. Results from deviation from means coding and standard reference cell coding were compared.Results Unweighted coding estimates a two-fold increase in the odds of malignancy with an indeterminate FNAB result compared to the naïve odds at clinical presentation (Odds ratio(OR): 1.97 [95% Confidence Interval(CI): 1.34–2.90], P=0.0006). The weighted approach estimates increased risk (OR: 2.38 [95% CI: 1.45 – 3.89], P=0.0006), more accurately representing the naïve risk at presentation based on the direction of sample imbalance in the study. Using standard reference cell coding, an indeterminate result has a higher risk compared to a negative result, but this does not inform us about the risk with respect to that inherent at clinical presentation.Conclusions Depending on the investigative interest, it is important to adopt the appropriate coding methodology when logistic regression is applied. In addition, a weighted approach should be considered to account for sample imbalance.

scholarly journals Fetal CHD and perinatal outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-691
Author(s):  
Christina J. Ge ◽  
Amanda C. Mahle ◽  
Irina Burd ◽  
Eric B. Jelin ◽  
Priya Sekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gestational Age At Delivery

AbstractObjective:To evaluate delivery management and outcomes in fetuses prenatally diagnosed with CHD.Study design:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 6194 fetuses (born between 2013 and 2016), comparing prenatally diagnosed with CHD (170) to those with non-cardiac (234) and no anomalies (5790). Primary outcomes included the incidence of preterm delivery and mode of delivery.Results:Gestational age at delivery was significantly lower between the CHD and non-anomalous cohorts (38.6 and 39.1 weeks, respectively). Neonates with CHD had a significantly lower birth weights (p < 0.001). There was an approximately 1.5-fold increase in the rate of primary cesarean sections associated with prenatally diagnosed CHD with an odds ratio of 1.49 (95% CI 1.06–2.10).Conclusions:Our study provides additional evidence that the prenatal diagnosis of CHD is associated with a lower birth weight, preterm delivery, and with an increased risk of delivery by primary cesarean section.

scholarly journals Retrospective analysis of risk factors of hypotensive bradycardic events during shoulder arthroscopic surgery under interscalene blockade in the sitting position

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 542-549
Author(s):  
Taeha Ryu ◽  
Baek Jin Kim ◽  
Seong Jun Woo ◽  
So Young Lee ◽  
Jung A Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Arthroscopic Surgery ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Past Medical History ◽  
Frequent Adverse Event ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Background: Hypotensive bradycardic events (HBEs) are a frequent adverse event in patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopic surgery under interscalene block (ISB) in the sitting position. This retrospective study was conducted to investigate the independent risk factors of HBEs in shoulder arthroscopic surgery under ISB in the sitting position. Methods: A total of 2549 patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopic surgery under ISB and had complete clinical data were included in the study. The 357 patients who developed HBEs were included in the HBEs group, and the remaining 2192 in the non-HBEs group. The potential risk factors for HBEs, such as age, sex, past medical history, anesthetic characteristics, and intraoperative medications were collected and compared between the groups. Statistically significant variables were included in a logistic regression model to further evaluate the independent risk factors for HBEs in shoulder arthroscopic surgery under ISB. Results: The incidence of HBEs was 14.0% (357/2549). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the intraoperative use of hydralazine (odds ratio [OR] 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9–6.3), propofol (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.3–3.6), and dexmedetomidine (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.9–7.8) before HBEs were independent risk factors for HBEs in patients who received shoulder arthroscopic surgery under ISB. Conclusions: The intraoperative use of antihypertensives such as hydralazine and sedatives such as propofol or dexmedetomidine leads to increased risk of HBEs during shoulder arthroscopic surgery under ISB in the sitting position.

scholarly journals Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Risk Factor for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline H. Geer ◽  
Guido J. Falcone ◽  
Kevin N. Vanent ◽  
Audrey C. Leasure ◽  
Daniel Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Berlin Questionnaire ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk

Background and Purpose: To determine whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) risk, we assessed premorbid OSA exposure of patients with nontraumatic ICH and matched controls. Methods: Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage is a multicenter, case-control study evaluating risk factors for ICH that recruited 3000 cases with ICH and 3000 controls. OSA status was ascertained using the Berlin Questionnaire as a surrogate for premorbid OSA. We performed logistic regression analyses to evaluate the association between OSA and ICH. Results: Two thousand and sixty-four (71%) cases and 1516 (52%) controls were classified as having OSA by the Berlin Questionnaire. Cases with OSA were significantly more likely to be male and have hypertension, heart disease, hyperlipidemia, and higher body mass index compared with those without OSA. OSA was more common among cases compared with controls (71% versus 52%, odds ratio, 2.28 [95% CI, 2.05–2.55]). In a multivariable logistic regression model, OSA was associated with increased risk for ICH (odds ratio, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.29–1.67]). Conclusions: OSA is a risk factor for ICH.

MO375EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREDICTORS OF CARDIAC BYPASS ASSOCIATED AKI IN A MIDDLE-INCOME CARIBBEAN COUNTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori-Ann Fisher ◽  
Sunil Stephenson ◽  
Marshall Tulloch-Reid ◽  
Simon Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background and Aims AKI is a common and resource intensive complication of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (CPB) in high income-countries occurring in up to one third of surgeries performed. However, little is known of its incidence and impact in the small island developing states of the Caribbean. We describe the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of AKI following CPB at a referral cardiac centre in Jamaica. Method A review of the Medical Records of adult patients (aged ≥ 18 years) with no prior ESRD or dialysis requirement undergoing CPB at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Mona between January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2019 inclusive was undertaken. Demographics, pre-operative status, intraoperative and post-operative data were abstracted. The primary outcome was all-cause 30-day mortality. AKI was defined as meeting the KDIGO criteria based on the peak serum creatinine measurement obtained within 72 hours post-operatively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the risk factors for and impact of AKI on all-cause mortality. Results Of the 259 persons who underwent CPB in the study period, 211 (58% men, mean age 58.1±12.9 years, median± IQR Euro-score II of 1.4 ± 1.4) met inclusion criteria. AKI occurred in 37.3 % (80) of patients with 43.8% (35) KDIGO I, 32.5% (26) KDIGO II and (19) 23.7% KDIGO III. Renal replacement therapy was required in 3.2% (7) of patients. In a multivariable logistic regression model, baseline CKD (eGFR&lt;60mL/min/1.732m2; odds ratio, 95%CI: 5.32,1.72-15.90), Prolonged bypass time (1.73,1.21-2.48; per hour), intraoperative PRBC transfusion (2.33,1.08-5.03) and elevated 24-hour post-operative Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio&gt;18 (3.00, 1.07-8.35) were associated with an increased risk of AKI. AKI after CPB resulted in greater hospital (23.6 versus 14.6 days, p&lt;0.001) and ICU stay (8.1 versus 3.3 days, p&lt;0.001) and a 6-fold increase in 30-day mortality after adjusting for age and sex (HR, 95 CI: 6.40, 2.38-17.25). (see Figure 1 Kaplan Meier survival estimates for AKI) Conclusion The occurrence of AKI following CPB is comparable to that reported in the literature and is associated with poor short-term outcomes. Larger multicentre prospective studies to predict risk, identify interventions to reduce mortality and assess long term complications of AKI following CPB in Caribbean countries are needed.

scholarly journals Risk Associated with Preoperative Anemia in Noncardiac Surgery

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Scott Beattie ◽  
Keyvan Karkouti ◽  
Duminda N. Wijeysundera ◽  
Gordon Tait
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Noncardiac Surgery ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Preoperative Anemia

Background Preoperative anemia is an important risk factor for perioperative red blood cell transfusions and has been shown to be independently associated with adverse outcomes after noncardiac surgery. The objective of this observational study was to measure the prevalence of preoperative anemia and assess the relationship between preoperative anemia and postoperative mortality. Methods Data were retrospectively collected on 7,759 consecutive noncardiac surgical patients at the University Health Network between 2003 and 2006. Preoperative anemia was defined as a hemoglobin concentration less than 12.0 g/dl for women and less than 13.0 g/dl for men. The unadjusted and adjusted relationship between preoperative anemia and mortality was assessed using logistic regression and propensity analyses. Results Preoperative anemia was common and equal between genders (39.5% for men and 39.9% for women) and was associated with a nearly five-fold increase in the odds of postoperative mortality. After adjustment for major confounders using logistic regression, anemia was still associated with increased mortality (odds ratio, 2.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.57-3.41). This relationship was unchanged after elimination of patients with severe anemia and patients who received transfusions. In a propensity-matched cohort of patients, anemia was associated with increased mortality (odds ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-3.63). Conclusions Anemia is a common condition in surgical patients and is independently associated with increased mortality. Although anemia increases mortality independent of transfusion, it is associated with increased requirement for transfusion, which is also associated with increased mortality. Treatment of preoperative anemia should be the focus of investigations for the reduction of perioperative risk.

Decreased urine albumin:creatinine ratios in infants of diabetic mothers: does exposure to diabetic pregnancies alter fetal renal development?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Dyck ◽  
W. T. Bingham ◽  
H. Lim ◽  
Y. Jiang ◽  
N. D. Osgood
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Infants Of Diabetic Mothers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Offspring of diabetic mothers experience an increased risk for type 2 diabetes but it is not known whether diabetic pregnancies also confer a higher inter-generational risk for diabetic complications. Because microalbuminuria is a sensitive indicator of glomerular damage, we compared the urine albumin:creatinine ratios (ACRs) between 65 infants of diabetic mothers (InfDM+) and 59 infants of non-diabetic mothers (InfDM−), and repeated the comparisons in 21 InfDM+ and 19 InfDM− when children were 5–19 months old. ACRs were higher among neonates compared with normal reference values for adults, but declined with increasing age. The only independent predictor of higher ACRs in a logistic regression model (⩾13 mg/mmol v. <13 mg/mmol) was the presence of delivery complications (odds ratio 2.95; P = 0.015). Neither high nor low birth weight was associated with higher neonatal ACRs. The most unique finding of the study was that InfDM+ had significantly lower ACRs than InfDM− [mean = 12.9 (median = 6.0) v. mean = 16.6 (median = 11.5), respectively at P = 0.05] even after adjusting for other variables using logistic regression (odds ratio 0.25; P = 0.001). In contrast, by 5–19 months, there was a trend toward higher ACRs among InfDM+ compared with InfDM− [mean = 6.3 mg/mmol (median = 1.9) v. mean = 3.0 mg/mmol (median = 2.5), respectively at P = 0.25]. Lower ACRs in InfDM+ may be due to developmental changes in fetal kidneys induced by hyperinsulinemia. Although the implications of this observation are unclear, it is possible that exposure to a diabetic intrauterine environment might influence the later risk for renal disease.

scholarly journals Μελέτη της μεθυλίωσης ογκοκατασταλτικών γονιδίων σε δείγματα αναρρόφησης δια λεπτής βελόνης σε ασθενείς με καρκίνο του μαστού

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ελευθέριος Βαβουλίδης
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Bisulfite Conversion ◽  
P Values ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Specific Pcr

Σκοπός: Η μεθυλίωση DNA σε περιοχές γονιδιακών υποκινητών έχει παρατηρηθεί σε αρκετά είδη καρκίνων, συμπεριλαμβανομένου και του Καρκίνου του Μαστού. Ένα πρωτόκολλο Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) σχεδιάστηκε και εφαρμόστηκε σε κλινικά δείγματα Αναρρόφησης δια λεπτής βελόνης (Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy, FNAB) μαστού, ενός βιολογικού υλικού που έχει ελάχιστα χρησιμοποιηθεί στην βιβλιογραφία, για να προσδιοριστούν τα επίπεδα μεθυλίωσης των υποκινητών των γονιδίων CND2, APC, HIN1 & CDH13 και να εκτιμηθεί το κατά πόσο αυτό το πολυγονιδιακό πάνελ μεθυλίωσης μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί ως βιοδείκτης για την ανίχνευση του Καρκίνου του Μαστού σε ελληνικό πληθυσμό. Μέθοδοι: Οι 104 συμμετέχοντες υπεβλήθησαν σε FNAB το υλικό της οποίας εκτιμήθηκε κυτταρολογικά για κακοήθεια μαστού ή μη και χρησιμοποιήθηκε για την περαιτέρω επιγενετική ανάλυση. Έγινε απομόνωση του DNA από τα κλινικά δείγματα FNAB μαστού και στη συνέχεια ακολούθησε η μετατροπή του παρουσία όξινου θειώδους νατρίου (bisulfite conversion). Οι αντιδράσεις MSP έγιναν με εκκινητές (primers) ειδικούς είτε για την μεθυλιωμένη είτε για τη μη μεθυλιωμένη κατάσταση για καθένα από τα 4 υπό μελέτη γονίδια. Τα τελικά MSP-προϊόντα αναλύθηκαν σε 2% πήκτωμα αγαρόζης με ηλεκτροφόρηση. Αποτελέσματα: Υπερμεθυλίωση παρατηρήθηκε στο 74%, 69.2%, 59.6% και 63.4% των δειγμάτων για τα γονίδια CND2, HIN1, APC και CDH13 αντιστοίχως. Το γονίδιο CND2 ήταν το πιο συχνά μεθυλιωμένο στα περιστατικά με κυτταρολογική διάγνωση κακοήθειας (90%) και τα γονίδια APC και HIN1 στα περιστατικά διαγνωσμένα ως ύποπτα για κακοήθεια (88.2%). Σημαντική συσχέτιση παρατηρήθηκε μεταξύ της ιστολογικής διάγνωσης και των συχνοτήτων μεθυλίωσης όλων των γονιδίων μελέτης (p-values<0.001). Βρέθηκε ότι ο σχετικός κίνδυνος (Odds Ratio) για κακοήθεια μαστού ήταν 8.267 για το γονίδιο CND2, 5.235 για το γονίδιο APC, 7.852 για το γονίδιο HIN1 and 22.920 για το γονίδιο CDH13, υποδηλώνοντας την θετική συσχέτιση της μεθυλίωσης των 4 γονιδίων με την εμφάνιση κακοήθειας μαστού. Επίσης, υπολογίστηκαν οι διαγνωστικές παράμετροι για κάθε γονίδιο και τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι ο συνδυασμός των τεσσάρων γονιδίων σε ένα πολυγονιδιακό πάνελ μεθυλίωσης αυξάνει σημαντικά την Ειδικότητα (Specificity) και Θετική Προγνωστική Αξία (Positive Predictive Value) συγκριτικά με την μεθυλίωση οποιουδήποτε μεμονωμένου εκ των τεσσάρων γονιδίων. Συμπεράσματα: Η μελέτη αυτή δείχνει ότι η FNAB μαστού σε συνδυασμό με τα δεδομένα μεθυλίωσης από τα αναρροφημένα κυτταρολογικά υλικά μαστού εμφανίζουν πολλά υποσχόμενα αποτελέσματα όσον αφορά την χρήση τους ως βιοδείκτη για την πρώιμη ανίχνευση του κινδύνου για Καρκίνο του Μαστού σε γυναίκες με ύποπτες αλλοιώσεις μαστού.

scholarly journals Hürthle Cell Carcinoma in a Lingual Thyroid

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdeep S. Thakur ◽  
Naina Verma ◽  
Riya Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Resection Margin ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Lingual Thyroid ◽  
Hürthle Cell ◽  
Hürthle Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Hurthle Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Recurrent Haemorrhage

Objective: To present a case of lingual thyroid Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC). Clinical Presentation and Intervention: A 37-year-old female presented with dysphagia and recurrent haemorrhage. Histopathology was suggestive of HCC; the tumour was excised by the trans-glossal approach which provided adequate exposure and helped avert external scarring or mandibular osteotomy. Histopathology showed a tumour-positive right lateral resection margin. This prompted referral to nuclear medicine for radio-iodine ablation. Conclusion: Lingual thyroid cases should be followed up closely and fine-needle aspiration biopsy should be considered when in doubt.

Neuraxial analgesia is not associated with an increased risk of post-partum relapses in MS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Lavie ◽  
Fabien Rollot ◽  
Françoise Durand-Dubief ◽  
Romain Marignier ◽  
Iuliana Ionescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Neuraxial Analgesia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Obstetrical Analgesia ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Risk Of Relapse

Background: Obstetrical analgesia remains a matter of controversy because of the fear of neurotoxicity of local anesthetics on demyelinated fibers or their potential relationship with subsequent relapses. Objective: To assess the impact of neuraxial analgesia on the risk of relapse during the first 3 months post-partum, with a focus on women who experienced relapses during pregnancy. Methods: We analyzed data of women followed-up prospectively during their pregnancies and at least 3 months post-partum, collected in the Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis (PRIMS) and Prevention of Post-Partum Relapses with Progestin and Estradiol in Multiple Sclerosis (POPARTMUS) studies between 1992–1995 and 2005–2012, respectively. The association of neuraxial analgesia with the occurrence of a post-partum relapse was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 389 women were included, 215 from PRIMS and 174 from POPARTMUS. In total, 156 women (40%) had neuraxial analgesia. Overall, 24% experienced a relapse during pregnancy and 25% in the 3 months post-partum. Women with a pregnancy relapse were more likely to have a post-partum relapse (odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, p = 0.02), independently of the use of neuraxial analgesia. There was no association between neuraxial analgesia and post-partum relapse (OR = 1.08, p = 0.78). Conclusion: Neuraxial analgesia was not associated with an increased risk of post-partum relapses, whatever multiple sclerosis (MS) activity during pregnancy.

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