scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics for Staphylococcus aureus carriage in community-based drug users in Guangzhou, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Jialing Lin ◽  
Junli Zhou ◽  
Zhigang Han ◽  
Zhenjiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ), particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), remains the predominant cause of infections in drug users. This cross-sectional study aims to elucidate the prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics of S. aureus carriage among community-based drug users. Methods: All eligible drug users, with both injection and non-injection route of drug administration , were asked to complete questionnaires and collect nasal swabs by trained personal during the period between May and December 2017 in Guangzhou, China. Swabs were processed for identification of S. aureus . Antimicrobial susceptibility test and polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect phenotypic and molecular characteristics for identified isolates. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess risk factors for S. aureus carriage. Results: Overall, 353 drug users were included in the study and the prevalence of S. aureus carriage was 15.01% (53/353). The prevalence of MRSA carriage was 6.80% (24/353). Cohabitation was a risk factor for S. aureus (adjusted OR=8.80, 95% CI: 1.89-40.99). The proportion of multidrug resistance was 54.72% for S. aureus isolates and most of these isolates were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Seventeen MRSA isolates were multidrug resistant. The results of clonal complexes (CCs) and sequence types (STs) for S. aureus were diverse. The three predominant types for CCs were CC5 (64.15%, 34/53), CC59 (11.32%, 6/53), and CC7 (7.55%, 4/53); and for STs were ST188 (20.75%, 11/53), ST5 (11.32%, 6/53), and ST59 (11.32%, 6/53). Conclusion: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was lower while the prevalence of MRSA carriage was moderate compared to previous studies. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolates, particularly MRSA isolates, revealed high proportions of antibiotic resistance, indicating the existence of cross-circulation, and implying high opportunity of virulence-related diseases. Decolonization and antibiotic stewardship might be implemented for drug users with MRSA carriage.

scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics for Staphylococcus aureus carriage in community-based drug users in Guangzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Jialing Lin ◽  
Junli Zhou ◽  
Zhigang Han ◽  
Zhenjiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), remains the predominant cause of infections in drug users. The cross-sectional study aims to elucidate the prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics of S. aureus carriage among community-based drug users.Methods: All eligible drug users, both intravenous and oral drug users, were asked to complete questionnaires and collect nasal swabs during the period between May and December 2017 in Guangzhou, China. Swabs were processed for identification of S. aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility test and polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect phenotypic and molecular characteristics for identified isolates. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess risk factors for S. aureus carriage.Results: Overall, 353 drug users were included in the study and the prevalence of S. aureus carriage was 15.01% (53/353). The prevalence of MRSA carriage was 6.80% (24/353). Cohabitation was a risk factor for S. aureus (adjusted OR=8.80, 95% CI: 1.89-40.99). The proportion of multidrug resistance was 54.72% for S. aureus isolates and most of these isolates were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Seventeen MRSA isolates were multidrug resistant. The results of clonal complexes (CCs) and sequence types (STs) for S. aureus were diverse. The three predominant types for CCs were CC5 (64.15%, 34/53), CC59 (11.32%, 6/53), and CC7 (7.55%, 4/53); and for STs were ST188 (20.75%, 11/53), ST5 (11.32%, 6/53), and ST59 (11.32%, 6/53). Conclusion: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was lower when the prevalence of MRSA carriage was moderate. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolates, particularly MRSA isolates, revealed serious antibiotic resistance, indicating the existence of cross-circulation, and implying high opportunity of virulence-related diseases. Decolonization might be considered for drug users with MRSA carriage.

scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in community-based drug users in Guangzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Jialing Lin ◽  
Junli Zhou ◽  
Zhigang Han ◽  
Zhenjiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remained the predominant cause of infections in drug users. The cross-sectional study aimed to elucidate the prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and molecular characteristics of S. aureus and MRSA carriage among community-based drug users. Methods: Eligible drug users were asked to complete questionnaires and collect nasal swabs during May and December 2017 in Guangzhou, China. Swabs were processed for identification of S. aureus and MRSA. Antimicrobial susceptibility test and polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect phenotypic and molecular characteristics for identified isolates. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess risk factors for S. aureus and MRSA carriage. Results: Overall, the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA carriage in 353 drug users were 15.01% and 6.79%, respectively. Cohabitation was a risk factor for S. aureus (adjusted OR=8.80, 95% CI: 1.89-40.99) and MRSA (adjusted OR=14.30, 95% CI: 2.67-76.46) carriage. The proportions of multidrug resistance were respectively 72.41% and 89.47% for S. aureus and MRSA isolates and were simultaneously resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. The results of clonal complexes and sequence types for S. aureus and MRSA isolates were diverse. The proportions of virulence genes were high for MRSA isolates. Conclusion: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was lower while the prevalence of MRSA nasal carriage was moderate. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of MRSA isolates revealed serious antibiotic resistance, indicating the cross-circulation of MRSA isolates, and imply high opportunity of virulence-related diseases. Decolonization might be considered for drug users with MRSA carriage, especially for those with risk factors.

A cross sectional study to assess nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in healthcare professionals in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fibhaa Syed ◽  
Nasim Akhtar ◽  
Mohammad Ali Arif ◽  
Adil Ramzan ◽  
Rauf Niazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Abstract Objective: To determine the nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers in a tertiary care setting. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, from April to July 2018, and comprised healthcare workers at the institution. Nasal swabs were collected and cultured on Mannitol salt agar. Mannitol fermenting colonies which were gram-positive cocci, catalase-positive and coagulase-positive were identified as staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was detected using cefoxitin disc diffusion method. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results: Of the 210 nasal swabs, 52(24.76%) had a staphylococcus aureus growth, and, of them, 15(7.1%) were methicillin-resistant. No association could be established with either any single category of healthcare worker or an inter-department variation (p>0.05). Likewise, there was no association with age, gender, duration of service, smoking, co-morbidities, use of antibiotics in the preceding six months, treating a patient with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in the preceding six months and hospitalisation in the preceding year (p>0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of nasal carriage of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus amongst healthcare workers was regardless of the nature of their professional engagement. Key Words: Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, Nasal carriage, Continuous...

scholarly journals Nasal Carriage and Methicillin Resistance of Staphylococcus Aureus Among Schoolchildren in Sana’a City, Yemen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arwa Mohammed Othman ◽  
Belques Sharaf Al-Huraibi ◽  
Rowa Mohammed Assayaghi ◽  
Huda Zaid Al-Shami
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a frequent cause of serious health problems with high morbidity and mortality. The risk of S. aureus infections is increased with the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The aim of this study is to determine the nasal carriage rate of both S. aureus and MRSA among schoolchildren in Sana’a city.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2018 to May 2020. Five hundred and eighty eight students were enrolled. Nasal swabs were collected from each student for culturing and methicillin susceptibility testing. Results: Out 588 nasal swab, 536 yielded bacterial growth. Students with positive culture were 271(51%) males and 265(49%) females. Their age ranged from 5 to 19 years old with mean age and standard deviation equaled to 13.3±3.5 years. S. aureus was isolated from 129 (24%) students whereas the overall prevalence of MRSA was 8(1.5%). S. aureus was significantly recovered from students at age group 10-14 years (χ2 = 7.02, p = 0.03), females than males (OR= 1.96, χ2 = 10.75, p = 0.001), and students who were admitted into hospitals (OR= 1.6, χ2 = 4.89, p = 0.03). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between MRSA carriage and students’ age (χ2 = 2.3, p = 0.32), gender (OR= 1.02, χ2 = 0.001, p = 0.63), and hospital admission (OR= 1.4, χ2 = 0.25, p = 0.62). Conclusions: The prevalence of MRSA is low among schoolchildren in Sana’a city. Age, gender and previous hospital admission were statistically associated with nasal carriage of S. aureus but not MRSA nasal carriage.

scholarly journals Nasal Carriage and Methicillin Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus among Schoolchildren in Sana’a City, Yemen

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Arwa Mohammed Othman ◽  
Belques Sharaf Al-Huraibi ◽  
Rowa Mohammed Assayaghi ◽  
Huda Zaid Al-Shami
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Background. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a frequent cause of serious health problems with high morbidity and mortality. The risk of S. aureus infections is increased with the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This study aims to determine the nasal carriage rate of both S. aureus and MRSA among schoolchildren in Sana’a city. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2018 to May 2020. Five hundred and thirty-six students were enrolled. Their age ranged from 5 to 19 years with the mean age and standard deviation equal to 13.3 ± 3.5 years. Nasal swabs were collected from each student for culturing and methicillin susceptibility testing. Results. Students with positive culture were 271 (51%) males and 265 (49%) females. S. aureus was isolated from 129 (24%) students whereas the overall prevalence of MRSA was 8 (1.5%). S. aureus was significantly recovered from students at the age group of 10–14 years (χ2 = 7.02; p = 0.03 ), females than males (OR = 1.96; χ2 = 10.75; p = 0.001 ), and students who were admitted into hospitals (OR = 1.6; χ2 = 4.89; p = 0.03 ). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between MRSA carriage and students’ age (χ2 = 2.3; p = 0.32 ), gender (OR = 1.02; χ2 = 0.001; p = 0.63 ), and hospital admission (OR = 1.4; χ2 = 0.25; p = 0.62 ). Conclusions. The prevalence of MRSA is low among schoolchildren in Sana’a city. Age, gender, and previous hospital admission were statistically associated with nasal carriage of S. aureus but not MRSA nasal carriage.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Obtained from Hemodialyzed Patients at the Hospital de Clínicas of Paraguay: A pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Arturo Silvero Isidre, ◽  
Fátima Rodríguez Acosta ◽  
César Rodrigo Cristaldo Vargas ◽  
Genaro Américo Velázquez Romero ◽  
José Félix Plans Perrota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Variable Analysis

Background: Patients undergoing hemodialysis are susceptible to the nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, increasing the risk of developing infections associated with higher morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of S. aureus carriage in hemodialysis patients and to perform molecular analysis of isolates by applying multiple-locus variable analysis. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross sectional study with non-probabilistic sampling that included 28 hemodialysis patients attending the Nephrology Department of Hospital de Clínicas in Asunción, Paraguay. We obtained clinical data from medical records and interviews with patients. Nasal swabs were collected and analyzed by microbiological and molecular methods. Results: The frequency of S. aureus carriage was 50% (14/28), 93% of which (13/14) were methicillin resistant, 57% (6/14) were gentamicin resistant and 36% (5/14) were resistant to more than 4 antibiotic classes. S. aureus carriers showed higher frequency of rhinitis (p=0.02 odds ratio [OR]=6.6 (1.2- 34.4)). Seven methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates had been analyzed by multiple-locus variable analysis, two of them showed identical pattern bands. Conclusion: We found a high frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and the presence of two isolates with identical profile in the multiple-locus variable analysis indicating the possibility of transmission between patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors associated with multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) carriage among pediatric patients at the time of admission in a tertiary care hospital of a developing country. A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Qureshi ◽  
Noshi Maria ◽  
Mohammad Zeeshan ◽  
Seema Irfan ◽  
Farah Naz Qamar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Prior Use ◽  
Time Of Admission

Abstract Background The rise of Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) poses a considerable burden on the healthcare systems, particularly in low-middle income countries like Pakistan. There is a scarcity of data on the carriage of MDRO particularly in the pediatrics population therefore, we aimed to determine MDRO carriage in pediatric patients at the time of admission to a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, and to identify the risk factors associated with it. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted at the pediatric department of Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) from May to September 2019 on 347 children aged 1–18 years. For identification of MDRO (i.e., Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producers, Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE), Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter species and MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa), nasal swabs and rectal swabs or stool samples were cultured on specific media within 72 h of hospitalization. Data was collected on a predesigned structured questionnaire on demographics, prior use of antibiotics for > 48 h in the last 6 months, history of vaccination in last 6 months, exposure to health care facility regardless of the time of exposure, ICU stay for > 72 h, and about the prior use of medical devices (urinary catheter, central venous lines etc.) in last 1 year. Statistical analysis was performed by Standard statistical software. Results Out of 347 participants, 237 (68.3%) were found to be MDRO carriers. Forty nine nasal swabs from 346 children (14.2%) showed growth of MRSA. The majority of the stool/rectal swabs (n = 222 of 322; 69%) collected were positive for MDRO. The most isolated species were ESBL Escherichia coli 174/222 (78.3%) followed by ESBL Enterobacter species 37/222 (16.7%) and ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae 35/222 (15.8%). On univariate analysis, none of the risk factors showed statistically significant association with MDRO carriage. Conclusion Overall, a high prevalence of MDRO carriage was identified among admitted pediatric patients. Implementation of systematic screening may help to identify true burden of MDROs carriage in the health care settings.

scholarly journals Prevalencia de portación nasal de Staphylococcus aureus en niños con discapacidad

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Clotilde Molin ◽  
Elvira Del Valle Ortíz ◽  
Patricia Barrios Lezcano ◽  
Sonia Hermosa Sánchez ◽  
María González Santander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
High Risk Factor

Introduction: Colonization of the nasal mucosa by Staphylococcus aureus set a carrier state. Which is recognized as a potential source of infection and a high risk factor for subsequent invasive infections. The prevalence of nasal carriage of this germ in disabled children in Paraguay is not known, thus contributing to the knowledge of their frequency and evaluate the profile of sensitivity to common antimicrobials was conducted this study, from May to July 2015.  Objective: to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and profile of antimicrobial resistance in disabled children. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study in which 80 nasal swabs of children, who attended the service laboratory of SENADIS (Secretaria Nacional por los Derechos Humanos de las Personas con Discapacidad). The identification and sensitivity of germ was accomplished by conventional testing.  Results: 80 pediatric patients, 46 boys and 34 girls. 18 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were obtained, corresponding to a prevalence of 22,5%. Susceptibility testing indicated that 14 strains were MSSA (Methicillin – Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus) and 4 RMSA ( Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Conclusion: The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in a population with its own characteristics provides valuable data for the epidemiology, reflecting the need for continued vigilance and take steps to reduce associated infections. The detection of RMAR evidences their progress; it is important to evaluate the empirical treatment to primary care.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document