The impact of cesarean section on neonatal outcomes at a university based tertiary hospital in Jordan
Abstract Background Despite the WHO recommendation for cesarean section rates not to exceed 15% to minimize negative consequences in the mothers and neonates, there continues to be a steady rise in its rate globally. As a result, short-term and long-term maternal and neonatal complications are rising. The objective of this study is to determine the rate and assess neonatal outcomes of cesarean section at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) in Jordan.Methods A retrospective chart review of all mothers and neonates delivered by cesarean section during the period January 2016 to July 2017 at KAUH tertiary academic center.Results 2595 Cesarean deliveries were performed over 18 months representing a rate of 50.5% of all deliveries. 60% were scheduled procedures. 72% were performed at full term gestation. The most common indication was previously scarred uterus followed by fetal distress. Rate of admission to the neonatal ICU was 30% (800/2595). After multilogistic conditional regression analysis, the factors associated with increased risk of neonatal ICU admission include grandmultiparity (Adjusted OR 1.46), gestational diabetes (Adjusted OR 1.92), maternal employment (Adjusted OR 1.84), prolonged rupture of membranes (Adjusted OR 5), fetal distress (Adjusted OR 1.84), prematurity (Adjusted OR 43.78), low birth weight (Adjusted OR 42), high order multiple gestation (Adjusted OR 9.58) and low 5-minute APGAR score (Adjusted OR 10). One out of six babies born at early term (37-38.6 weeks) were admitted for a median length of stay of 4 days (IQR 2, 8), the most common diagnosis was transient tachypnea of newborns and respiratory distress syndrome.Conclusion CS deliveries account for more than half the number of deliveries at our institution and one third of the delivered babies get admitted to the NICU. Together with the resulting maternal and neonatal consequences, this carries a major burden on the newborns, health care facilities and involved families. Local strategies and policies should be established and implemented to improve the outcome of births.