scholarly journals Low district economic performance presents strong oral health determinant in preschool children: country level analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Vukovic ◽  
Ivan Soldatovic ◽  
Rade Vukovic ◽  
Tamara Peric ◽  
Guglielmo Campus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
World Health ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Untreated Caries ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Background: Having in mind that macro level factors such as social, political and economic determinants strongly impact occurrence of chronic NCDs, it might be beneficial to enlarge scarce level of data on the influence of these factors on children’s oral health. The aim of the present study was to test association between macro level factors and oral health in a nationally representative sample of preschoolers involving all preschooler’s age groups from the beginning to compulsory Preschool Preparatory Program. Method: Oral health data derived from cross sectional study involving nationally representative sample of preschool children. Dependent, oral health variables included prevalence of primary teeth caries, untreated caries, and caries on permanent first molars. Data on macro level factors included regional information on economic, population, and healthcare factors: population density, density of physicians and dentists, district share in national gross domestic product (GDP), social and health care expenditures, local self-government budget, employment rate in public, private and agricultural sector. In order to have nationally representative sample we used stratified cluster sampling method proposed by World Health Organization. Results: Final sample included 1665 preschoolers aged 36 to 91 months. Observed prevalence of ECC was 57.8%. Of these, 90.4% had untreated caries. Furthermore, 11.1% of examined preschoolers already had lesions on permanent first molar. All ECC related oral health outcomes were statistically significantly associated with regional social economic indicators – poor oral health was more frequently observed in regions and districts with lower economic performance. Conclusions: The results of this study displayed first nationally representative data on prevalence of primary teeth caries in preschool children. Noteworthy findings confirmed highly statistically significant association of economic macro level factors with prevalence of primary teeth caries, untreated caries, and caries on permanent first molars. Upstream preventive interventions especially targeted at population living in districts with lower economic indicators might seem as most appropriate strategy.

Effectiveness of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Preventing Occlusal Caries in Primary Teeth of Preschool Children: a Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duangporn Duangthip ◽  
SHUYANG HE ◽  
Sherry Shiqian Gao ◽  
Chun Hung Chu ◽  
Edward Chin Man Lo
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces

BACKGROUND Tooth decay is a significant public health problem globally. The caries-arrest effectiveness of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been well documented. However, information on the caries preventive effect of SDF on primary teeth is insufficient. OBJECTIVE The aim of this trial is to investigate the effectiveness of semi-annual application of 38% SDF and that of 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish when compared to placebo control in preventing occlusal caries in primary molars of preschool children over 30 months. METHODS This three-arm, parallel design, double-blind, randomised controlled trial involves 791 preschool children. Children are randomly allocated to receive one of the three interventions as follows; Group 1) 38% SDF, Group 2) 5% NaF varnish, and Group 3) placebo control with tonic water. The intervention and dental examination will be carried out every 6 months. A parent-administered questionnaire including the children’s demographic background and oral health-related behaviours has been collected at baseline. Follow-up examinations to detect new caries development will be conducted every 6 months by a masked examiner. Caries development will be diagnosed at the cavitation level. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses will be adopted. A two-level logistic regression analysis will be performed to investigate the effects of the study interventions and other potential confounding factors on the development of occlusal caries. RESULTS Result: To date, a total of 791 children are participating in the study. CONCLUSIONS If SDF application is more effective than NaF varnish in preventing caries on occlusal surfaces of primary teeth, it can be a preferred choice for caries prevention in a kindergarten-based program. Results of this trial will provide valuable clinical evidence for the development of oral health strategies and policy on promotion of child oral health CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05084001

scholarly journals Associations between Abortion, Mental Disorders, and Suicidal Behaviour in a Nationally Representative Sample

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie P Mota ◽  
Margaret Burnett ◽  
Jitender Sareen
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
World Health ◽  
Population Attributable Fractions ◽  
Attributable Fractions ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objective: Most previous studies that have investigated the relation between abortion and mental illness have presented mixed findings. We examined the relation between abortion, mental disorders, and suicidality using a US nationally representative sample. Methods: Data came from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication ( n = 3310 women, aged 18 years and older). The World Health Organization-Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess mental disorders based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria and lifetime abortion in women. Multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to examine associations between abortion and lifetime mood, anxiety, substance use, eating, and disruptive behaviour disorders, as well as suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. We calculated the percentage of respondents whose mental disorder came after the first abortion. The role of violence was also explored. Population attributable fractions were calculated for significant associations between abortion and mental disorders. Results: After adjusting for sociodemographics, abortion was associated with an increased likelihood of several mental disorders—mood disorders (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] ranging from 1.75 to 1.91), anxiety disorders (AOR ranging from 1.87 to 1.91), substance use disorders (AOR ranging from 3.14 to 4.99), as well as suicidal ideation and suicide attempts (AOR ranging from 1.97 to 2.18). Adjusting for violence weakened some of these associations. Forall disorders examined, less than one-half of women reported that their mental disorder had begun after the first abortion. Population attributable fractions ranged from 5.8% (suicidal ideation) to 24.7% (drug abuse). Conclusions: Our study confirms a strong association between abortion and mental disorders. Possible mechanisms of this relation are discussed.

scholarly journals Association between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Caregiver-Reported Dental Caries in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Burgette ◽  
A. Rezaie
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
American Children

Introduction: There is evidence that dental caries is both increased and decreased in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Objectives: This study examined the association between ASD and the probability of a child having caregiver-reported dental caries based on a nationally representative sample. We hypothesized that when compared with children without ASD, children with ASD would have greater odds of dental caries. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health. Caregivers reported whether a health provider informed them that their children had ASD and “decayed teeth or cavities” during the past 12 mo. We used logistic regression controlling for child characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance, preventive dental use) and family characteristics (education and federal poverty level). Results: Among the 45,155 children in our sample, 1,228 (2.5%) had ASD. The prevalence of caregiver-reported dental caries was 14.7% in children with ASD and 9.5% in children without ASD. The odds of having caregiver-reported child dental caries (adjusted odds ratio = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.7) was greater among children with ASD than children without ASD when controlling for the aforementioned covariates. Conclusion: Using a nationally representative sample, we found that children with ASD had significantly greater odds of having caregiver-reported dental caries as compared with children without ASD. Families can be educated on the increased odds of having dental caries in children with ASD. Moreover, this finding highlights a need for oral health services and policies to prevent and treat dental caries, which are tailored to the increasing number of American children with ASD. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study support the need for policy makers, clinicians, and families to improve oral health services that prevent and treat dental caries in the increasing number of American children with autism spectrum disorder.

scholarly journals A Kindergarten-Based Oral Health Preventive Approach for Hong Kong Preschool Children

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Hollis Haotian Chai ◽  
Sherry Shiqian Gao ◽  
Kitty Jieyi Chen ◽  
Duangporn Duangthip ◽  
Edward Chin Man Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
General Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Oral Health Education ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Untreated Caries

Early childhood caries (ECC) remains the single most common chronic childhood disease. Untreated caries can cause tooth loss and compromised dentition. Severe ECC can also influence nutrition intake, cognitive development, general health and quality of life. In Hong Kong, approximately half of 5-year-old children suffer from ECC, and more than 90% of these caries remain untreated. Thus, the development of effective strategies for promoting the oral health of preschool children is warranted. The Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Hong Kong has provided kindergarten-based dental outreach services to selected kindergartens since 2008. In 2020, the project expanded to serve all kindergarten children in Hong Kong. The aim of the service is to improve oral health through the prevention and control of ECC among preschool children. The service provides dental screening and silver diamine fluoride treatment for ECC management. In addition, the parents receive oral health talks, and teachers receive training in delivering regular oral health education at kindergarten. The objectives of this service are to improve oral and general health of preschool children, develop the children’s good oral health-related behaviours, maintain the children’s psychological well-being and reduce the burden on their family. This paper describes this kindergarten-based dental outreach service.

scholarly journals Caregiver’s oral health literacy is associated with prevalence of untreated dental caries in preschool children

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 2737-2744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Ristow Montes ◽  
Danielle Veiga Bonotto ◽  
Fernanda Morais Ferreira ◽  
José Vitor Nogara Borges Menezes ◽  
Fabian Calixto Fraiz
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Oral Health Literacy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Untreated Caries ◽  
Untreated Dental Caries

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between oral health literacy (OHL) among caregivers and untreated dental caries among preschoolers. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 415 preschool children and their caregivers from Curitiba, Brazil. The children were examined for dental caries and dental plaque. The caregivers’ OHL was evaluated using an instrument translated and validated for Brazilian Portuguese: the Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-30. The prevalence of children with untreated caries was 42.9% (95%CI: 38.1-47.7%). A low degree of OHL was found among 15.7% (95%CI: 12.2-19.2) of caregivers. The multivariable Poisson regression analysis indicated a higher prevalence of untreated caries among children whose caregivers had a low OHL (PR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.01-1.79), those with visible plaque (PR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.01-1.62) and those who never or only occasionally had their teeth brushed by their caregivers (PR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.16-1.91) in comparison to those without these conditions. In conclusion, a higher prevalence of untreated dental caries was found among preschool children whose caregivers had a low degree of OHL.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Mothers of Preschool Children About Oral Health in Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Asmaa Alkhtib ◽  
Abdul Morawala
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Health Knowledge

Health-related behaviors are influenced by knowledge and awareness, with oral health being no exception. It is well-known that oral diseases are influenced by social determinants. There is an association between the oral health knowledge of mothers and the status of their children’s oral health. In Qatar, the knowledge and practices of oral health in preschool children have not been previously reported. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and related practices of mothers of preschool children about oral health in Qatar. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed by the principals of kindergarten to mothers of children attending 16 government kindergartens in Qatar. The questionnaire included 38 close-ended questions grouped into nine categories, addressing different aspects of knowledge and practices related to early childhood oral health. The questionnaire was constructed in English, before being translated into Arabic, which is the local language in Qatar. The questionnaire instrument was pre-tested on mothers with demographic characteristics matching the main population. These participants were not included in the main study. The questionnaire study was associated with a clinical epidemiological study to assess dental caries and enamel defects of the sampled children. The dmft caries index (decayed, missing and filled teeth) was used for that purpose according to the World Health Organization criteria. For the questionnaire administered to mothers with clinical survey variables, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the associations between the measures of oral health status (dmft, Dental index) and mothers’ oral health knowledge and practices. A total of 48% mothers thought that children should have their teeth brushed from the age of three years and 42% chose younger than two years as a starting age for brushing. More than half (54%) of the mothers thought that children should not have their teeth flossed. In general, no significant statistical association was found between dmft and any other variables, except for whether or not the child had visited the dentist. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between the measures of oral health status (dmft, DI) and mothers’ oral health knowledge and practices. After controlling for the other independent variables included in this model, the test of the model was not statistically significant, which indicated that none of the variables represent a significant risk for occurrence of caries. The only exception was whether or not the child had visited the dentist (odds ratio = 2.51, 95% confidence interval 1.091–5.774). Despite the existence of good knowledge of oral health care, there were deficiencies in the oral health care provided to children. This may reflect that seeking dental care is either not very important or it is challenging to obtain access to a child-friendly dentist in the public health system in Qatar. The results of this study suggest that there is a need for an oral health promotion program to fill the gaps in knowledge for mothers regarding oral health care for young children.

scholarly journals Media and Preschool Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Mateja Rek ◽  
Andrej Kovačič
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Children's Media ◽  
Role Modelling ◽  
The Media ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Media Habits

The authors conducted a survey with a nationally representative sample of Slovene parents of 1- to 6-year-old children, collecting parental opinions about their and their children’s media habits. The survey also collected the data about parents’ behaviour in terms of educating their children about the media as well as the data regarding parents’ opinions about positive and negative effects of the media on their children. The authors established that role modelling is crucial in developing children’s media habits. Statistically, parents’ own media habits significantly affect media exposure of their children and their opinion about what an appropriate daily screen limit for their children is. The extent to which parents are exposed to the media as well as the level of their formal education have a statistically significant impact on parents’ behaviour in terms of educating their children about the media and on their opinion about the influence of the media on their children.

scholarly journals Low district economic performance presents strong oral health determinant in preschool children: country level analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Vukovic ◽  
Ivan Soldatovic ◽  
Rade Vukovic ◽  
Tamara Peric ◽  
Guglielmo Campus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Health Determinant ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Analysis

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