scholarly journals The effect of granisetron, ondansetron, and pethidine in preventing postoperative shivering: controlled clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masood Entezariasl ◽  
Hamed Zandian ◽  
Khatereh Isazadehfar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
Central Temperature ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Peripheral Temperature

Abstract Background: recently, use of HT35 receptor antagonists to prevent postoperative shivering has attracted a great deal of attention. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of granisetron as an HT35 antagonist when compared with ondansetron and pethidine in preventing postoperative shivering. Methods: in this triple blind random clinical trial study, 90 patients 18-50 years of age with ASA Class I and II undergoing general anesthesia were randomly assigned into one of the three drug groups: O (4-mg ondansetron), G (40 μg/kg of granisetron), and P (25 mg pethidine), immediately before induction of anesthesia. After anesthesia induction, at the end of the surgery, after the entrance and after leaving the recovery state, central temperature, peripheral temperature, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and shivering were measured and recorded. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: in the pethidine, ondansetron, and granisetron groups, 4 (13.3%), 3 (10%), and 10 (33.3%) of patients experienced shivering during recovery, where the difference between the ondansetron and granisetron groups was significant (p-value=0.02). The variations in the mean arterial pressure during the investigation stages were not significant only in the ondansetron group (p>0.05). At the beginning of recovery, the reduction of peripheral temperature was significantly lower in the ondansetron group (p<0.05), while reduction of the central temperature was higher in the granisetron group (p<0.05). By the end of the recovery, the changes in the peripheral temperature across the three groups were consistent with the changes at the beginning of recovery, but no significant difference was observed variations of the central temperature across the three groups. Conclusion: Granisetron was not found to be much effective in preventing postoperative shivering. Ondansetron and pethidine were equally effective in preventing postoperative shivering. Ondansetron also causes less hemodynamic changes compared to other drugs, while granisetron is more effective in terms of preventing nausea and vomiting

Abstract P124: Repeat Manual Office Blood Pressure By A Physician Is Lower Than Automated Office Blood Pressure

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce Rhodehouse ◽  
Courtney Shaver ◽  
Jerry Fan ◽  
Bright Izekor ◽  
Clinton Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Office Blood Pressure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minute Interval ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Automated Office Blood Pressure

Introduction: An accurate measurement of blood pressure (BP) is critical to diagnosing and treating hypertension (HTN). Manual office BP (MOBP) often results in higher readings than automated office BP (AOBP). In previous studies, a repeat MOBP by a physician resulted in a lower BP than the initial MOBP by nursing staff. We evaluated our hypothesis that a repeat MOBP by a physician is statistically equivalent to AOBP. Methods: In an ambulatory outpatient setting, patients were roomed and at least a 5-minute interval lapsed before an AOBP was performed using a Welch Allyn Connex Vital Signs Monitor. The physician was blinded to the AOBP. The physician then entered the room and obtained a MOBP with a manual aneroid sphygmomanometer. The difference between the AOBP and the MOBP was calculated. A Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used to determine if a significant difference between AOBP and MOBP exists. Results: A total of 186 patients (112 females, 74 male) had BP measured with a mean age of 66 years. AOBP resulted in a median systolic BP (SBP) 136 mmHg (IQR 121-150 mmHg) and median diastolic BP (DBP) of 78 mmHg (IQR 72-85 mmHg). MOBP SBP had a median of 132 mmHg (IQR 120-142 mmHg) and DBP had a median of 76 mmHg (IQR 70-81 mmHg). SBP and DBP were significantly lower in the MOBP group with a mean difference between AOBP and MOBP of 4.0 and 2.7 mmHg respectively (p-value of <0.0001). Conclusions: Repeat MOBP performed by the physician resulted in a significantly lower BP compared to AOBP. The lower BP may be due to an overall longer interval between the AOBP measurement and MOBP measurement. MOBP may be a viable option for accurate diagnosis and treatment of HTN clinics without access to a AOBP machine.

scholarly journals TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF GUDUCHYADI YOGA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RAKTACHAPADHIKYATA OR ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION-A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Nitish Pathania ◽  
Umesh C C ◽  
Gopala Krishna G ◽  
Monika Pathania
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Trial Drug

Hypertension is the most pressing public health challenges. It is estimated that approximately 1 billion people are suffering from high blood pressure and the numbers are to increase to 2.5 billion by 2025. Raktachaapadhikya is the coined term for increased blood pressure given by recent authors where it can be understood as the pathology of Vyanvayu. The usage of Guduchyadi Yoga has been highlighted in the classics of Ayurveda for targeting the Hridaya sthitha vayu, which has not been evaluated yet. Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of Navahridaya Kalpa (standard drug) and Guduchyadi Yoga (trial drug) for management of essential hypertension. Materials and Methods: A simple randomized controlled clinical study where 40 patients were equally divided as group A: Navahridaya kalpa (standard drug) and Group B: Guduchyadi yoga (trial drug) for a period of one month. Observations and results: The study result revealed that both the groups were beneficial in reducing high blood pressure however with no statistically significant difference found between the groups with p value being 0.339 for standard drug and 0.363 for trial drug. The group B was also found to be effective in reducing systolic blood pressure of stage I hypertension with p value .044 on comparing between the groups. Conclusion: The Guduchyadi yoga acts as Rasayana with the property of rejuvenation and antihypertensive which will check the high blood pressure at a very minimum cost without having any major adverse effects in the patients and hence can be advocated for use on a daily a basis.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF HAEMODYNAMIC STABILITY WITH 0.5% AND 0.75% HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE DURING SPINAL ANAESTHESIA IN WOMEN UNDERGOING CAESAREAN SECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2078-81
Author(s):  
Hina Iftikhar ◽  
Aneel Aslam ◽  
Habib Ur Rehman ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali ◽  
Mohammad Ali Abbass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Haemodynamic Stability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Objective: To compare the effect of 0.5% and 0.75% hyperbaric Bupivacaine on haemodynamic stability in terms of mean systolic blood pressure and heart rate recorded at 4 min in patients undergoing caesarian section in spinal anesthesia. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesiology, Combined Military Hospital, Malir, from Jul to Dec 2018. Methodology: The patients were assigned in two groups (A and B) using lottery method. Group A received 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine solution. Group B received 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine solution. Spinal anaesthesia was given, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 23. Both groups were compared for mean systolic blood pressure and heart rate by using independent sample t-test. Results: The mean age of patients was 29.62 ± 6.21 years in 0.75% Bupivacaine group while 29.31 ± 6.20 years in 0.5% Bupivacaine group. The mean systolic blood pressure of patients was 111.63 ± 5.96 mmHg in 0.75% Bupivacaine group while 117.16 ± 7.12 mmHg in 0.5% Bupivacaine group. The difference was significant in both groups (p-value <0.05). The mean heart rate of patients was 92.27 ± 4.71 beats per min (bpm) in 0.75% Bupivacaine group while 97.68 ± 4.58 bpm in 0.5% Bupivacaine group. The difference was significant in both groups (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine was better than 0.75% hyperbaric Bupivacaine solution in spinal anaesthesia during caesarean section.

scholarly journals The effect of delivery ball and warm shower on the childbirth experience of nulliparous women: A randomized controlled clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
parvaneh sharifipour ◽  
Masoomeh Kheirkhah ◽  
Mojgan Rajati ◽  
hamid haghani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Childbirth Experience ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Childbirth is a unique experience that affects women’s life. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the effect of delivery ball and warm shower on the childbirth experience of primiparous women. Methods This study is a clinical trial that was carried out on primiparous pregnant women referred to Motazedi Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. Sampling was done by continuous method and pregnant women were divided into three groups of delivery ball-warm shower (n = 33), delivery ball (n = 33) and control (n = 33). Exercise with ball at the dilation of 4 cm was similar in the two groups of delivery ball-warm shower and delivery ball, but the first group also used warm shower at the dilatation of 7 cm. The control group only received the routine delivery care. Demographic information form consisting of pregnancy history and information about the mother and infant were completed and the childbirth experience questionnaire (CEQ) were completed by the women two hours after the childbirth. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the mean score of childbirth experience after the intervention between the two groups of delivery ball-warm shower and control (P = 0.001), and also between the delivery ball and control groups (P = 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of professional support between the two groups of delivery ball-warm shower and control (P = 0.02) and also between the delivery ball and control groups (p = 0.02). There was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of participation between the two groups of delivery ball-warm shower and control (P = 0.003) and also between the delivery ball and control groups (P = 0.01). There was also a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of sense of security between the two groups of delivery ball-warm shower and control (P = 0.01). Conclusion Delivery ball and warm shower were effective interventions to create a positive childbirth experience. This method was more effective than using delivery ball alone in childbirth experience. To achieve a positive experience of childbirth in mothers, the use of both intervention (delivery ball and warm shower) is recommended.

scholarly journals Probing Pocket Depth and Clinical Attachment Level between Non-Surgical and Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Harish Kumar Shah ◽  
Shivalal Sharma ◽  
Khushboo Goel ◽  
Sajeev Shrestha ◽  
Surya Raj Niraula
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Surgical Therapy ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Clinical Attachment Level ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Attachment Level

Background: : Chronic periodontitis is one of the most common form of periodontal diseases which either require non-surgical periodontal therapy or open flap debridement-surgical therapy or both. To date, it is unclear as of how much changes occur after NSPT or OFD and which therapy provides the best outcome in chronic periodontitis having probing pocket depth ≥ 5-7 mm. Aim: The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the Probing Pocket Depth and Clinical Attachment Level between NSPT and OFD in chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 52 healthy patients with PPD ≥ 5-7 mm were included in the present study. Half of the patients assigned for the NSPT and half in the OFD group. The PPD and CAL were measured at baseline, three and six months. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the change in mean PPD and CAL between NSPT and OFD group at three and six months, respectively. Results: The difference in the mean decrease of PPD between NSPT and OFD group at three and six months were 0.15 mm (P<0.05) and 0.19 mm (P<0.05), respectively. The difference in the mean gain of CAL between NSPT and OFD group at three and six months were 0.03 mm (p>0.05) and 0.12 mm (P<0.05), respectively. Conclusion: Substantial improvement in periodontal status occurred with both the therapies, however, significantly higher decrease in PPD and gain in CAL were seen with surgical therapy.

Pseudonormokalemia in Patients with Thrombocytosis.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3964-3964
Author(s):  
Amir S. Steinberg ◽  
Raimonda Goldman ◽  
Randy L. Levine ◽  
Georgia Panagopoulos ◽  
Marvin C. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Interim Analysis ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Introduction: Pseudohyperkalemia represents an artificial elevation in serum potassium concentration. It is well described that patients with thrombocytosis may have elevated serum but normal plasma potassium. The difference between serum and plasma potassium is felt to be due to potassium release from platelets during clotting. We propose to prove that a similar mechanism will lead to a "pseudonormokalemia," where serum potassium appears to be in the normal range (3.5–5.0 MEq/L) despite below-normal levels in the plasma(&lt;3.5 MEq/L). Method: This is an interim analysis of a prospective, IRB-approved planned comparison of 146 patients. We compared 36 thrombocytosis patients (platelets&gt;500,000/uL) to 36 control patients (platelets&lt;500,000/uL). Patients were identified from a list of lab results generated by a computer search and serum and plasma potassium and CBC were then drawn concomitantly. The two groups were compared using either the t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test depending on the distribution of the variables. A p &lt;.05 was considered a priori to indicate statistical significance. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in sex distribution or age between the two groups. The average platelet count was 643,190/uL in the thrombocytosis group (SD 134,426 uL) and 280,220/uL (SD 106,217 uL) in the control group with a p value &lt;0.001. While the serum potassium was noted to be significantly different between the two groups, the plasma potassium was not (see table). This was reflected in the difference between the serum and plasma potassium in the two groups. The thrombocytosis group was noted to have a difference between serum and plasma potassium of .52 MEq/L (SD .32 MEq/L) while the control group had a difference of .18 MEq/L (SD .23 MEq/L). The thrombocytosis group had 14 cases in which the difference between serum and plasma potassium was over 0.5 MEq/L whereas the control group had none. Conclusion: In this study, patients with thrombocytosis had higher mean serum potassium levels than the control group but similar mean plasma potassium levels. The mean difference between serum and plasma potassium (Delta) exceeded 0.5 MEq/L in the thrombocytosis arm and there was a statistically significant difference in the Delta values between the two groups. The mean platelet volume (MPV) of the thrombocytosis group was smaller than that of the control group. This indicates that the elevation in serum potassium in the thrombocytosis group cannot be attributed to the actual size of the platelets but rather to the number of platelets involved. Patients with thrombocytosis and normal serum potassium may actually be hypokalemic as this study demonstrates. As we continue to evaluate patients, we believe this difference will become more demonstratable. On interim analysis, our study suggests that in patients with thrombocytosis and normal serum potassium, plasma potassium should be considered along with routine labs. Group Comparison Values (N=36) Thrombocytosis Group-Platelets&gt;500,000/uL Control Group-Platelets&lt;500,000/uL p value Age 60.33 yrs 57.53 yrs p =.50 Serum K+ 4.43 MEq/L 4.15 MEq/L &lt;.001 Plasma K+ 3.91 MEq/L 3.97 MEq/L p =.54 Mean Delta between Serum and Plasma K+ .52 MEq/L (SD .32) .18 MEq/L (SD .23) &lt;0.001 Platelet Count 643.19 X103/uL 280.22X103/uL &lt;0.001 MPV 7.27 fl 8.24 fl &lt;0.001 WBC 12.05 mm3 9.98 mm3 p =.16

A study of blood pressure in school children between the age of 6-12 years in Chennai, India: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2205
Author(s):  
Madhivanan S. ◽  
Harikrishnan E. ◽  
Kumarasamy K.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Blood pressure measurements in childhood are an important clinical examination. Present study was done to evaluate the normal range of blood pressure (BP) in children aged 6-12 years and to find its relationship with regard to age, sex, height and weight criteria and comparing the values with the available standards.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was done in primary and middle schools of Chennai from January 2016 to May 2017. Three readings of blood pressure were recorded for each subject and were correlated with age, gender, socioeconomic status and anthropometry. Data was analysed on SPSS 20.0. P value of <0.05 was considered significantResults: A total of 2002 children (1026 boys, 976 girls) of age between 6-12 years were examined over 18 months. There was an upward trend in both systolic (r = 0.437, P<0.001) and diastolic BP (r = 0.386, P <0.001) with age. There was no statistically significant difference in mean systolic and diastolic BP with gender (P = 0.10), weight (P = 0.10) and height (P = 0.10). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean systolic and diastolic BP between low and high socio-economic groups (P <0.0001). The proportion of children with hypertension was 9.54% with a slight female preponderance.Conclusions: Blood pressure measurement in children is pivotal in clinical examination. It shows a linear relationship with age and varies across socio-economic status. Periodic recording of BP would enable identify hypertension at an early age.

Riluzole for treatment of men with methamphetamine dependence: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Hadi Farahzadi ◽  
Ehsan Moazen-Zadeh ◽  
Emran Razaghi ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast ◽  
Reza Bidaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Urine Test ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Methamphetamine Dependence ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Riluzole is a glutamate regulator and effective in treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions. Aims: We assessed riluzole for treatment of methamphetamine dependence. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, male outpatients with methamphetamine dependence who were 18–65 years old received either 50 mg riluzole ( n=34) or placebo ( n=54) twice daily for 12 weeks. Patients were excluded in case of comorbid serious medical conditions or neurologic disorders, comorbid psychiatric disorders other than methamphetamine dependence requiring specific treatment interventions, simultaneous positive urine test result for substances of abuse other than methamphetamine, smoking >3 days per week, simultaneous consumption of medications which are contraindicated or have interaction with riluzole. Results: Concerning primary outcomes, the cumulative mean number of attended weekly visits was higher in the riluzole arm compared with the placebo arm approaching a statistically significant difference (riluzole, median (range)=13.00 (2.00–13.00); placebo=4.00 (2.00–13.00); Mann-Whitney U=505.00, p-value=0.073), and the weekly measured rate of positive methamphetamine urine test results was significantly lower in the riluzole arm by the end of the study (riluzole=1 (5.00%), placebo=9 (45.00%), p-value=0.004). Patients in the riluzole arm experienced significantly greater improvement on all the craving, withdrawal, and depression measures regarding mean score changes from baseline to endpoint. No significant difference was detected between the two arms in terms of incidence of adverse events. Conclusion: Future randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate proper dosing strategy in a more inclusive sample.

scholarly journals Automated Versus Manual Blood Pressure Measurement: A Randomized Crossover Trial in the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan: Are Third World Countries Ready for the Change?

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanaan Mansoor ◽  
Saba Shahnawaz ◽  
Mariam Rasool ◽  
Huwad Chaudhry ◽  
Gul Ahuja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Manual Blood Pressure ◽  
Mercury Sphygmomanometer

BACKGROUND: Hypertension has proven to be a strong liability with 13.5% of all mortality worldwide being attributed to elevated blood pressures in 2001. An accurate blood pressure measurement lies at the crux of an appropriate diagnosis. Despite the mercury sphygmomanometer being the gold standard, the ongoing deliberation as to whether mercury sphygmomanometers should be replaced with the automated oscillometric devices stems from the risk mercury poses to the environment.AIM: This study was performed to check the validity of automated oscillometric blood pressure measurements as compared to the manual blood pressure measurements in Karachi, Pakistan.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood pressure was recorded in 200 individuals aged 15 and above using both, an automated oscillometric blood pressure device (Dinamap Procare 100) and a manual mercury sphygmomanometer concomitantly. Two nurses were assigned to each patient and the device, arm for taking the reading and nurses were randomly determined. SPSS version 20 was used for analysis. Mean and standard deviation of the systolic and diastolic measurements from each modality were compared to each other and P values of 0.05 or less were considered to be significant. Validation criteria of British Hypertension Society (BHS) and the US Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) were used. RESULTS: Two hundred patients were included. The mean of the difference of systolic was 8.54 ± 9.38 while the mean of the difference of diastolic was 4.21 ± 7.88. Patients were further divided into three groups of different systolic blood pressure <= 120, > 120 to = 150 and > 150, their means were 6.27 ± 8.39 (p-value 0.175), 8.91 ± 8.96 (p-value 0.004) and 10.98 ± 10.49 (p-value 0.001) respectively. In our study 89 patients were previously diagnosed with hypertension; their difference of mean systolic was 9.43 ± 9.89 (p-value 0.000) and difference of mean diastolic was 4.26 ± 7.35 (p-value 0.000).CONCLUSIONS: Systolic readings from a previously validated device are not reliable when used in the ER and they show a higher degree of incongruency and inaccuracy when they are used outside validation settings. Also, readings from the right arm tend to be more precise.

Comparing the effects of cold compress and Xyla-p cream on hemodynamic changes in hemodialysis patients during venipuncture

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziba Ghoreyshi ◽  
Monireh Amerian ◽  
Farzaneh Amanpour ◽  
Reza Mohammadpourhodki ◽  
Hossein Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intermittent Hemodialysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

AbstractBackgroundThe vital signs reflect the physiological state of patients in various clinical conditions. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of cold compress and Xyla-P cream on hemodynamical changes during venipuncture in hemodialysis patients.Methods and MaterialIn this clinical trial study, 50 patients under hemodialysis were selected by simple random sampling. The patients were then randomly assigned to either Xyla-P cream, cold compress or placebo groups. The vital signs (blood pressure and pulse) were measured upon two intermittent hemodialysis sessions before and after venipuncture. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsThe mean alternation in systolic blood pressure was significantly different comparing the placebo and cold compress groups before and after intervention (p<0.001). However, the difference was not significant between the Xyla-P cream group and either placebo (p=0.402) or ice compress (p=0.698) groups. The difference of the mean diastolic blood pressure was significant comparing the placebo group with either the Xyla-P cream group (p=0.003) or cold compress group (p<0.001) before and after intervention. In addition, there was a significant difference in the mean number of heartbeats comparing the control group with either the Xyla-P cream group (p<0.001) or cold compress group (p<0.001) before and after the intervention.ConclusionsConsidering the beneficial effects of ice compress and the Xyla-P cream on reduction of cardiovascular parameters, it is recommended to use these methods in hemodialysis patients during venipuncture.

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