scholarly journals Assessment of Optometrists’ Knowledge, Skills and Practice on Cataract: A Cross-Sectional Study from Kisumu County, Western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Muma ◽  
Stephen Obonyo
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Cataract Patients

Abstract Background: Cataract is a major contributor to avoidable blindness in the world and greatly impact negatively on the quality of life. The prevalence of blindness in Kenya is estimated at 0.7% with cataract contributing 43%. Optometrists being the primary eye care providers for cataract patients, they are well placed to assess and refer cataract patients. Though there is no data on optometrist knowledge, skill and practice on cataract in Kisumu, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted from June 2019 to August 219 using self-administered questionnaire. We collected basic socio-demographic characteristics and investigated participants’ knowledge, skills and practice on cataract. The primary outcome measures were the proportions of participants who identified the questions related to knowledge, skills and practice on cataract. Chi-square analysis was performed to look at the association between demographic and practice, knowledge and skills. Results: A total of 49 optometrists were interviewed with a male to female ratio of 2:1, mean age of 30.4(72%) years and mean duration of practice of one to ten years. Majority of the optometrists had good knowledge on various aspects of cataract. Like 98% had a good knowledge on the types of cataract. Based on skills, 75.5% could diagnose cataract correctly. However, 57.1% could not identify nuclear cataract. Practice among the optometrists was largely low in the sense that, 61.2% of optometrists did not screen patients aged 40 years and above for cataract. Almost half of the optometrists, 52.6% did a routine eye examination but did not know the importance of examining the crystalline lens for patient above 40 years. Conclusion The study established that despite the good level of knowledge among the optometrist on cataract, there exist gaps in skills in categorizing the type of cataract and practice. The results of this study calls for skills development training for optometrists on cataract and immediate ophthalmic division response for improvement on the scope of training for optometrists. This will eases diagnosis of cataract and its management so as to reduce its burden in Kenya.

scholarly journals Assessment of Optometrists’ Knowledge, Skills and Practice on Cataract: A Case Study from Kisumu County, Western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Muma ◽  
Stephen Obonyo
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Practice Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Cataract Patients

Abstract Background: Cataract is a major contributor to avoidable blindness in the world and greatly impact negatively on the quality of life. The prevalence of blindness in Kenya is estimated at 0.7% with cataract contributing 43%. Optometrists being the primary eye care providers for cataract patients, they are well placed to assess and refer cataract patients. Though there is no data on optometrist knowledge, skill and practice on cataract in Kisumu, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted from June 2019 to August 219 using self-administered questionnaire. We collected basic socio-demographic characteristics and investigated participants’ knowledge, skills and practice on cataract. The primary outcome measures were the proportions of participants who identified the questions related to knowledge, skills and practice on cataract. Chi-square analysis was performed to look at the association between demographic and practice, knowledge and skills. Results: A total of 49 optometrists were interviewed with a male to female ratio of 2:1, mean age of 30.4(72%) years and mean duration of practice of one to ten years. Majority of the optometrists had good knowledge on various aspects of cataract. Like 98% had a good knowledge on the types of cataract. Based on skills, 75.5% could diagnose cataract correctly. However, 57.1% could not identify nuclear cataract. Practice among the optometrists was largely low in the sense that, 61.2% of optometrists did not screen patients aged 40 years and above for cataract. Almost half of the optometrists, 52.6% did a routine eye examination but did not know the importance of examining the crystalline lens for patient above 40 years. Conclusion The study established that despite the good level of knowledge among the optometrist on cataract, there exist gaps in skills in categorizing the type of cataract and practice. The results of this study calls for skills development training for optometrists on cataract and immediate ophthalmic division response for improvement on the scope of training for optometrists. This will eases diagnosis of cataract and its management so as to reduce its burden in Kenya.

scholarly journals Assessment of Optometrists’ Knowledge, Skills and Practice on Cataract: A Cross-Sectional Study from Kisumu County, Western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Muma ◽  
Stephen Obonyo
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Background: Cataract not only contributes to blindness which is avoidable, but also impact negatively on the quality of life. The total prevalence of blindness in Kenya is estimated at 0.7%, however cataract contributes almost half (43%) of the total blindness in Kenya. Optometrists are well placed to assess and refer cataract patients however, little is known on their skills, practice and knowledge. Therefore, this study was designed to assess optometrists’ knowledge, skill and practice on cataract in Kisumu, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted from June 2019 to August 219 using self-administered questionnaire. Basic socio-demographic characteristics were collected and participants’ knowledge, skills and practice on cataract investigated. The primary outcome measures were the proportions of participants who identified the questions related to knowledge, skills and practice on cataract. Chi-square analysis was performed to assess the association between demographic characteristics with practice, knowledge and skills. Results: A total of 49 optometrists were interviewed with a male to female ratio of 2:1, mean age of 30.4 years and mean duration of practice of 1-10 years. Most optometrists had good knowledge on various aspects of cataract. For example (98%) had a good knowledge on the types of cataract. Almost three quarter (75.5%) of the optometrists reported that they could diagnose cataract correctly based on skills. However, half (57.1%) of the optometrists could not identify nuclear cataract. Being a self reported practice and not observed practice, most optometrists (61.2%) reported that they do not screen patients aged 40 years and above for cataract. Almost half (52.6%) of the optometrists reported that they always do a routine eye examination but they do not know the importance of examining the crystalline lens for patient above 40 years. Conclusion The study established that despite the good level of knowledge among optometrist on cataract, there exist a gap on skills and practice. The results of this study calls for more clinical based activities among optometrists and other cadres. This will eases diagnosis of cataract and its management so as to reduce its burden in Kenya.

scholarly journals Assessment of optometrists’ knowledge, skills and practice on cataract: a cross-sectional study from Kisumu County, Western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Muma ◽  
Stephen Obonyo
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Background The quality of life can be impacted negatively by blindness arising from cataract. The total prevalence of blindness in Kenya is estimated at 0.7%, however cataract contributes almost half (43%) of the total blindness in Kenya. Optometrists are well placed to assess and refer cataract patients. However, little is known on optometrists’ skills, practice and knowledge. Therefore, this study was designed to assess optometrists’ knowledge, skill and practice on cataract in Kisumu, Kenya. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted from June 2019 to August 219 using self-administered questionnaire. Basic socio-demographic characteristics were collected and participants’ knowledge, skills and practice on cataract were investigated. The primary outcome measure was the proportions of participants who identified the questions related to knowledge, skills and practice on cataract. Chi-square analysis was performed to assess the association between demographic characteristics of participants with practice, knowledge and skills. Results A total of 49 optometrists with a mean age of 30.4 years and mean duration of practice of 1–10 years were interviewed. Most optometrists had good knowledge on various aspects of cataract. For example (98%) had a good knowledge on the types of cataract. Almost three quarter (75.5%) of the optometrists reported that they could diagnose cataract correctly based on skills. However, half (57.1%) of the optometrists could not identify nuclear cataract. Being a self reported practice and not an observed practice, most optometrists (61.2%) reported that they did not screen patients aged 40 years and above for cataract. Almost half (52.6%) of the optometrists reported that they did a routine eye examination however, they could not justify the significance of examining the crystalline lens for patient above 40 years. Conclusion The study established that despite the good level of knowledge among optometrist on cataract, there exist a gap on skills and practice. The results of this study calls for more clinical based activities among optometrists. This will eases diagnosis of cataract and its management with an aim to reduce the burden in Kenya.

scholarly journals Assessment of Optometrists’ Knowledge, Skills and Practice on Cataract: A Cross-Sectional Study from Kisumu County, Western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Muma ◽  
Stephen Obonyo
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Background: The quality of life can be impacted negatively by blindness arising from cataract. The total prevalence of blindness in Kenya is estimated at 0.7%, however cataract contributes almost half (43%) of the total blindness in Kenya. Optometrists are well placed to assess and refer cataract patients. However, little is known on optometrists’ skills, practice and knowledge. Therefore, this study was designed to assess optometrists’ knowledge, skill and practice on cataract in Kisumu, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted from June 2019 to August 219 using self-administered questionnaire. Basic socio-demographic characteristics were collected and participants’ knowledge, skills and practice on cataract were investigated. The primary outcome measure was the proportions of participants who identified the questions related to knowledge, skills and practice on cataract. Chi-square analysis was performed to assess the association between demographic characteristics of participants with practice, knowledge and skills. Results: A total of 49 optometrists with a mean age of 30.4 years and mean duration of practice of 1-10 years were interviewed. Most optometrists had good knowledge on various aspects of cataract. For example (98%) had a good knowledge on the types of cataract. Almost three quarter (75.5%) of the optometrists reported that they could diagnose cataract correctly based on skills. However, half (57.1%) of the optometrists could not identify nuclear cataract. Being a self reported practice and not an observed practice, most optometrists (61.2%) reported that they did not screen patients aged 40 years and above for cataract. Almost half (52.6%) of the optometrists reported that they did a routine eye examination however, they could not justify the significance of examining the crystalline lens for patient above 40 years. Conclusion The study established that despite the good level of knowledge among optometrist on cataract, there exist a gap on skills and practice. The results of this study calls for more clinical based activities among optometrists. This will eases diagnosis of cataract and its management with an aim to reduce the burden in Kenya.

scholarly journals Acceptability and Attitude towards a Mobile-Based Home Exercise Program among Stroke Survivors and Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Amreen Mahmood ◽  
Vevita Blaizy ◽  
Aparajita Verma ◽  
Joel Stephen Sequeira ◽  
Dola Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Home Exercise Program ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Cost

Background. Stroke is a leading cause of disability and requires continued care after hospital discharge. Mobile-based interventions are suitable to reduce the cost of stroke rehabilitation and facilitate self-management among stroke survivors. However, before attempting to use mobile-based home exercise program, it is crucial to recognize the readiness of stroke survivors and their caregivers to opt for such interventions. Objective. To assess the acceptability and attitude towards a mobile-based home exercise program among stroke survivors and their primary caregivers. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 102 participants to understand their attitude and acceptability towards mobile-based home exercise program. A validated 10-item questionnaire was adapted for the study. The questions which assessed the attitude were rated on a three-point Likert scale, with three denoting agree and one denoting disagree. The acceptability was assessed by their willingness to opt for a mobile-based home program services. A Chi-square analysis and cross-tabulation were performed to test differences between caregivers and patients. A logistic regression was performed to determine the effects of age, gender, and mobile phone on acceptability. Results. Ninety-two percent of caregivers and 90% of patients showed willingness to opt for mobile-based intervention. Majority of the participants showed a positive attitude towards this mode of treatment. There was no difference in the attitude noted among caregivers and patients (p>0.05) towards mobile-based intervention. Conclusion. The stroke survivors and caregivers welcomed the concept of mobile-based home exercise program even in a low-resource settings, but further studies to understand treatment and cost-effectiveness of this technology among the stroke survivors would lead to better implementation.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PERAN KELUARGA TERHADAP KESEMBUHAN PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN SKIZOFRENIA DI RUMAH SAKIT JIWA BANDA ACEH TAHUN 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Bagus Laksono Samudro ◽  
M. Hendro Mustaqim ◽  
Fuadi Fuadi
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Banda Aceh

Skizofrenia merupakan sekelompok gangguan psikotik, dengan gangguan dasar pada kepribadian, distorsi khas pada proses pikir. Kadang–kadang mempunyai perasaan bahwa dirinya sedang di kendalikan kekuatan dari luar. Gangguan skizofrenia pada umumnya ditandai dengan adanya gangguan pada pikiran dan persepsi yang salah dan khas, dan efek yang tidak serasi atau tumpul. Skizofrenia merupakan gangguan jiwa yang umum terjadi dengan karakteristik adanya kerusakan pada pikiran, persepsi, emosi, pergerakan dan perilaku. Dukungan keluarga menjadi faktor penting dalam upaya meningkatkan motivasi sehingga dapat berpengaruh positif terhadap kesehatan psikologis. Keluarga yang berhubungan dengan pasien skizofrenia memerlukan lebih banyak informasi tentang gangguan skizofrenia dan cara memperlakukan pasien dengan lebih baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bukti emperis tentang: hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kesembuhan pasien penderita skizofrenia di Instalasi Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Jiwa Banda Aceh. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif observasional menggunakan desain cross sectional study dengan metode chi-square. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 150 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan peran dukungan keluarga terhadap kesembuhan pada pasien penderita skizofrenia dengan nilai p = 0,01 (< 0,05) di Instalasi Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Jiwa Banda Aceh. Keluarga diharapkan dapat mendampingi pasien Skizofrenia dengan mendampingi dan memberi dukungan emosional sehingga pasien skizofrenia merasa diperdulikan untuk kesembuhan pasien.   Schizophrenia is a common mental disorder with charcteristics of damage to the mind, perception, emotions, movement and behavior.This type of research is descriptive observational using a cross sectional study design with one observation at a certain time.The problem of this study is to see: (1) the relation  of Family Support, with Skizoprenia’s Patient recovery  in  Patient care Instalation of Psichiatric Hospital Banda Aceh. The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence of: Family Support, with Skizoprenia’s Patient recovery  in  Patient care Instalation  Psichiatric Hospital of Banda Aceh. In connection with the research objectives, the population of this study is side family of is 150 peoples. Data analysis method with Chi Square Analysis ( X² ).The results showed that: Family Support have a relation with Skizoprenia’s Patient recovery  in  Patient care Instalation of Psichiatric Hospital of Banda Aceh with X²  value ≤ 0,005 84 in Patient care Instalation  Psichiatric Hospital of Banda Aceh Keywords: Schizophrenia, Family Support, Skizofrenia’s Recovery.

scholarly journals The Duration of Reading the Qur'an with the Stress Levels in Medical Faculty Students in Palembang

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ghiffari ◽  
Syahrul Muhammad ◽  
M. Avif Ababil
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

The level of stress in each education programs differ between medical students and other scholars. Students should able to cope to normalize their stress. The study aims to determine the relationship between the duration of reading the Qur'an with the level of stress on students. The study design was a cross-sectional study, with a simple random sampling. The collecting data technique was using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaires and duration questionnaires followed by the chi-square analysis. The respondents are 90 medical students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang. The results showed that the duration of reading the Qur'an among students is poor, and the moderate duration is correlated with a good stress level (p=0,002). Concluded that there is a relation to the duration of reading The Qur'an with the level of stress in medical students.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN ANAK MENJAGA KESEHATAN DAN KEBERSIHAN GIGI DENGAN KARIES MOLAR PERTAMA PERMANEN PADA MURID SEKOLAH DASAR DI KECAMATAN PADANG TIMUR KOTA PADANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Susi Susi ◽  
Didin Kustantiningtyastuti ◽  
Yona Ladyventini
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Elementary School District ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Class Iv ◽  
Gum Disease

Dental caries and gum disease (gingivitis) is a disease which are often found in elementary school’s student in Indonesia. One of the cause of the oral and dental problems  is behavior factor or neglect of oral hygiene. This study aims to determine the relationship of children's behaviors to health and dental hygiene with caries incidence in permanent first molars in SDN 15 Eastern District of  Padang. The design of this study is the Cross Sectional Study. The research was conducted at the Elementary School District 15 East Padang Padang Padang in January 2012. This study sample was a student of class IV, V, VI amounted to 80 people. The data was collected through questionnaires and dental examinations by chi-square analysis.

scholarly journals Preferred parenting style in rural community and its association with socio-demographic variables: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4263
Author(s):  
Malenahally Puttannaiah Somashekar ◽  
Smitha Malenahalli Chandrashekarappa ◽  
Hombaiah Chandana
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background: Parenting styles are the methods used by parents when dealing with their children. Some theorists in counseling and psychotherapy have shown the importance of parenting styles in forming children personalities. Baumrind recommended three prototypes of parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. Parenting styles are associated with different levels of social and cognitive competence in children and adolescents. Hence with this background the following study was undertaken to understand the preferred parenting style practiced in the rural community of southern part of India. The objective of this study is to assess the parenting style practiced in the rural community and to assess the association of socio-demographic variables with the type of parenting styles practiced in rural community.Methods: It is a cross-sectional study, conducted in Basavanapura village of Hunasuru taluk of Mysuru district. 141 parents were selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected using parenting style questionnaire (PSQ). The questionnaire also included information on socio demographic variables. Data was analyzed using SPSS V.24. Analysis is done using descriptive statistics like percentage and inferential statistics like chi square analysis to find the association between socio demographic variables and preferred parenting styles.Results: The most preferred parenting style reported was authoritative (63.2%) followed by authoritarian (26.2%) and permissive (10.6%) types. Years of marriage was found to be significantly associated with preferred parenting styles.Conclusions: Nearly three fourth of the parents practiced authoritative parenting style with this type of parenting style adopted by parents having children less than twenty years.

scholarly journals Women's Expectations of Health Care Providers' Communication and Behavior in the Delivery Room: a Cross-sectional Study in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdia Mirkhan Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Delivery Room ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Having a positive childbirth experience is highlighted as being important by the World Health Organization (WHO). One way of achieving this goal is to fulfill the expectations of women. This study aimed to find out women’s expectations in the delivery room and to determine the association between their overall level of expectation and sociodemographic and obstetrical characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1196 women who agreed to participate and who met the inclusion criteria through convenient sampling. Data were collected through direct interviews after receiving informed consent. Sociodemographic and obstetric data, along with expectations items, were summarized by frequency and percentage. A chi-square test was used to find the association between overall expectation and sociodemographic and obstetric variables, general satisfaction with birth care, and communication of health care providers. Results: A majority of the study sample expected the following from health care providers in the delivery room: presence (78.6%), positive and calming verbal (76.3%) and nonverbal expressions (72.3%), environmental control (74.6%), encouragement of different positions and mobilization (75.9%), hygiene (77.5%), promotion of urinary elimination (75.8%), and instruction on breathing and relaxation (71.9%). The overall expectation level was divided into “high expectations” (68.6), “slight expectation” (29.9), and “no expectation” (1.4). Conclusion: Knowing the women’s expectations in the delivery room and how to effectuate them helps to inform plans of care and may also increase women’s satisfaction level, providing them with a more positive birth experience.

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