scholarly journals Development of polyclonal antisera against movement proteins of the three poleroviruses infecting cucurbits and their serological relationships

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-kang Zhang ◽  
Tian-yu Zhao ◽  
Xing Shi ◽  
Yu-zi Liu ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prokaryotic Expression ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Expression Vectors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Serological Detection ◽  
Movement Proteins ◽  
Viral Movement ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Polyclonal Antisera ◽  
Melon Aphid

Abstract Background: Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV), Melon aphid-borne yellows virus (MABYV) and Suakwa aphid-borne yellows virus (SABYV) are three critical viruses infecting cucurbit crops. The preparation of specific antiserum against the virus is crucial for both the detection of virus and understanding the functions of the related genes. However, there is no report about detecting the three viruses using antisera against movement proteins (MP). Methods: In this study, we constructed prokaryotic expression vectors of the three viral movement proteins and transferred them into Escherichia coli strain Rosetta to purify the fusion proteins. Then the polyclonal antisera were obtained by immunizing New Zealand white rabbits. Western blotting was used to demonstrate the applicability of the three antisera. Results: We discovered that the titer of antiserum against MP CABYV reached to 1: 512000, and the titers of antisera against MP MABYV and MP SABYV reached to 1:256000. The optimized working concentration range for the three antisera was from 1:10000 to 1:64000. Both antisera against MP CABYV and MP MABYV could only react with the corresponding MP. The antiserum against MP SABYV not only had the strongest reaction with its MP but also could react with MP CABYV and MP MABYV at relative weaker levels and all the three antisera had no serological reactions with other poleroviruses tested. Furthermore, our results showed that the three antisera could specifically detect movement proteins both in Nicotiana benthamiana and cucumber leaves. Conclusions: We have established a sensitive system for detecting three poleroviruses infecting cucurbits by antisera against movement proteins, providing a material foundation for the future research on both the serological detection of viruses and the interaction mechanisms between the virus and host plants.

Combined transcriptome sequencing and prokaryotic expression to investigate the key enzyme in the 2-C-methylerythritol-4-phosphate pathway of Osmanthus fragrans

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Rui Xiong ◽  
Zhu Chen ◽  
Weiyu Wang ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
Yan Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prokaryotic Expression ◽  
Expression Vectors ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Subcellular Localisation ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Osmanthus Fragrans ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Main Components

Terpenoids are one of the main components of plant aromas. In the present study we investigated these compounds in Osmanthus fragrans Lour., which is a fragrant plant widely used for the production of essential oils. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results of enzymes associated with the 2-C-methylerythritol-4-phosphate pathway confirmed that the TPS is a key enzyme for terpenoid synthesis in O. fragrans. In a series of experiments, we identified the TPS candidate genes in O. fragrans and revealed the underlying catalytic activity and subcellular localisation of the encoded proteins. Because there is no available O. fragrans reference genome, we sequenced and analysed its transcriptome and identified two putative TPS genes, OfTPS1 and OfTPS2. According to qRT-PCR analysis, both genes were most highly expressed at the full-bloom stage, suggesting that OfTPS1 and OfTPS2 contribute to O. fragrans terpenoid synthesis. To verify this hypothesis, we constructed prokaryotic expression vectors to obtain protein. In order to study the function of OfTPS1 and OfTPS2 in the synthesis of monoterpenes, the obtained proteins were reacted with geranyl pyrophosphate. As a result, two kinds of monoterpenes, (E)-β-ocimene and linalool, were detected from reaction products, respectively. In conclusion, OfTPS1 and OfTPS2 are both monoterpene synthases.

scholarly journals Development of polyclonal antisera against movement proteins from three poleroviruses infecting cucurbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Kang Zhang ◽  
Tian-Yu Zhao ◽  
Xing Shi ◽  
Yu-Zi Liu ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Movement Proteins ◽  
Polyclonal Antisera

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Plant Resistance to Arthropod Pests

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-545
Author(s):  
James R Nechols ◽  
Ashley R Hough ◽  
David C Margolies ◽  
John R Ruberson ◽  
Brian P McCornack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Arthropod Pests ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Effective Use

Abstract Temperature has a strong influence on the development, survival, and fecundity of herbivorous arthropods, and it plays a key role in regulating the growth and development of their host plants. In addition, temperature affects the production of plant secondary chemicals as well as structural characteristics used for defense against herbivores. Thus, temperature has potentially important implications for host plant resistance. Because temperature directly impacts arthropod pests, both positively and negatively, distinguishing direct effects from indirect effects mediated through host plants poses a challenge for researchers and practitioners. A more comprehensive understanding of how temperature affects plant resistance specifically, and arthropod pests in general, would lead to better predictions of pest populations, and more effective use of plant resistance as a management tactic. Therefore, the goals of this paper are to 1) review and update knowledge about temperature effects on plant resistance, 2) evaluate alternative experimental approaches for separating direct from plant-mediated indirect effects of temperature on pests, including benefits and limitations of each approach, and 3) offer recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Two Plant–Viral Movement Proteins Traffic in the Endocytic Recycling Pathway

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Haupt ◽  
Graham H. Cowan ◽  
Angelika Ziegler ◽  
Alison G. Roberts ◽  
Karl J. Oparka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocytic Recycling ◽  
Movement Proteins ◽  
Viral Movement ◽  
Recycling Pathway

Tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis, chooses suitable host plants by detecting the emission level of (3Z)-hexenyl acetate

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.-J. Xin ◽  
X.-W. Li ◽  
L. Bian ◽  
X.-L. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Green Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Hydroperoxide Lyase ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Green Leafhopper ◽  
Hexenyl Acetate ◽  
Empoasca Vitis

AbstractGreen leaf volatiles (GLVs) have been reported to play an important role in the host-locating behavior of several folivores that feed on angiosperms. However, next to nothing is known about how the green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis, chooses suitable host plants and whether it detects differing emission levels of GLV components among genetically different tea varieties. Here we found that the constitutive transcript level of the tea hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) gene CsiHPL1, and the amounts of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and of total GLV components are significantly higher in tea varieties that are susceptible to E. vitis (Enbiao (EB) and Banzhuyuan (BZY)) than in varieties that are resistant to E. vitis (Changxingzisun (CX) and Juyan (JY)). Moreover, the results of a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay and an oviposition preference assay suggest that (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and (Z)-3-hexenol offer host and oviposition cues for E. vitis female adults. Taken together, the two GLV components, (Z)-3-hexenol and especially (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, provide a plausible mechanism by which tea green leafhoppers distinguish among resistant and susceptible varieties. Future research should be carried out to obtain the threshold of the above indices and then assess their reasonableness. The development of practical detection indices would greatly improve our ability to screen and develop tea varieties that are resistant to E. vitis.

scholarly journals Elucidating the Mechanisms Underlying Enhanced Drought Tolerance in Plants Mediated by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen Cheng ◽  
Ying-Ning Zou ◽  
Kamil Kuča ◽  
Abeer Hashem ◽  
Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symbiotic Association

Plants are often subjected to various environmental stresses during their life cycle, among which drought stress is perhaps the most significant abiotic stress limiting plant growth and development. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, a group of beneficial soil fungi, can enhance the adaptability and tolerance of their host plants to drought stress after infecting plant roots and establishing a symbiotic association with their host plant. Therefore, AM fungi represent an eco-friendly strategy in sustainable agricultural systems. There is still a need, however, to better understand the complex mechanisms underlying AM fungi-mediated enhancement of plant drought tolerance to ensure their effective use. AM fungi establish well-developed, extraradical hyphae on root surfaces, and function in water absorption and the uptake and transfer of nutrients into host cells. Thus, they participate in the physiology of host plants through the function of specific genes encoded in their genome. AM fungi also modulate morphological adaptations and various physiological processes in host plants, that help to mitigate drought-induced injury and enhance drought tolerance. Several AM-specific host genes have been identified and reported to be responsible for conferring enhanced drought tolerance. This review provides an overview of the effect of drought stress on the diversity and activity of AM fungi, the symbiotic relationship that exists between AM fungi and host plants under drought stress conditions, elucidates the morphological, physiological, and molecular mechanisms underlying AM fungi-mediated enhanced drought tolerance in plants, and provides an outlook for future research.

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