scholarly journals Sensing form - finger gaiting as key to tactile object exploration: A data glove analysis of a prototypical daily task

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Krammer ◽  
John H. Missimer ◽  
Simon Habegger ◽  
Manuela Pastore-Wapp ◽  
Roland Wiest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Principal Mechanism ◽  
Data Glove ◽  
Daily Task ◽  
Finger Gaiting ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cmc Joint ◽  
Three Components

Abstract Background Motor hand skill with associated dexterity is an important facility in meeting the challenges of daily activity and an important resource post-stroke. In this context, the present study investigated the finger movements of right-handed subjects during tactile manipulation of a cuboid, a prototypical component of tactile exploration. Methods For both hands of 22 subjects, we acquired the time series of consecutive multifinger cuboid manipulations using a digital data glove consisting of 29 sensors. Of these, 16 recorded the bending of metacarpo-phalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the fingers, MCP and interphalangeal IP joints of the thumb, palm arch and carpo-metacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb, and abduction between fingers. Results Using principle component analysis we decomposed the short action into motor patterns related to successive manipulations of the cuboid. The fraction of variance described by the principal components indicated that three components described the salient features of the single motor acts for each hand. Striking in the finger patterns was the prominent and varying roles of the MCP and PIP joints of the fingers, and the CMC joint of the thumb. An important aspect of the three components was their representation of distinct finger configurations within the same motor act. Principal component and graph theory analysis confirmed modular, functionally synchronous action of the involved joints. The computation of finger trajectories in one subject illustrated the workspace of the task, which differed for the right and left hands. Conclusion The study substantiates finger gaiting, described until now only in artificial systems, as the principal mechanism underlying this prototypical task, which is ubiquitous in daily object shape recognition.

scholarly journals Sensing form - finger gaiting as key to tactile object exploration - a data glove analysis of a prototypical daily task

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Krammer ◽  
John H. Missimer ◽  
Simon Habegger ◽  
Manuela Pastore-Wapp ◽  
Roland Wiest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Principal Mechanism ◽  
Data Glove ◽  
Daily Task ◽  
Finger Gaiting ◽  
The Right ◽  
Three Components

Abstract Background Motor hand skill and associated dexterity is important for meeting the challenges of daily activity and an important resource post-stroke. In this context, the present study investigated the finger movements of right-handed subjects during tactile manipulation of a cuboid, a prototypical task underlying tactile exploration. During one motor act, the thumb and fingers of one hand surround the cuboid in a continuous and regular manner. While the object is moved by the guiding thumb, the opposed supporting fingers are replaced once they reach their joint limits by free fingers, a mechanism termed finger gaiting. Methods For both hands of 22 subjects, we acquired the time series of consecutive manipulations of a cuboid at a frequency of 1 Hz, using a digital data glove consisting of 29 sensors. Using principle component analysis, we decomposed the short action into motor patterns related to successive manipulations of the cuboid. The components purport to represent changing grasp configurations involving the stabilizing fingers and guiding thumb. The temporal features of the components permits testing whether the distinct configurations occur at the frequency of 1 Hz, i.e. within the time window of 1 s, and, thus, taxonomic classification of the manipulation as finger gaiting. Results The fraction of variance described by the principal components indicated that three components described the salient features of the single motor acts for each hand. Striking in the finger patterns was the prominent and varying roles of the MCP and PIP joints of the fingers, and the CMC joint of the thumb. An important aspect of the three components was their representation of distinct finger configurations within the same motor act. Principal component and graph theory analysis confirmed modular, functionally synchronous action of the involved joints. The computation of finger trajectories in one subject illustrated the workspace of the task, which differed for the right and left hands. Conclusion In this task one complex motor act of 1 s duration could be described by three elementary and hierarchically ordered grasp configurations occurring at the prescribed frequency of 1 Hz. Therefore, these configurations represent finger gaiting, described until now only in artificial systems, as the principal mechanism underlying this prototypical task. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02865642, registered 12 August 2016.

It is better an approximate answer to the right question than the exact answer to the wrong question : the case of the psychometric analysis of the ASQ:SE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Anunciacao ◽  
janet squires ◽  
J. Landeira-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Exact Answer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaire ◽  
The Right

One of the main activities in psychometrics is to analyze the internal structure of a test. Multivariate statistical methods, including Exploratory Factor analysis (EFA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are frequently used to do this, but the growth of Network Analysis (NA) places this method as a promising candidate. The results obtained by these methods are of valuable interest, as they not only produce evidence to explore if the test is measuring its intended construct, but also to deal with the substantive theory that motivated the test development. However, these different statistical methods come up with different answers, providing the basis for different analytical and theoretical strategies when one needs to choose a solution. In this study, we took advantage of a large volume of published data (n = 22,331) obtained by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE), and formed a subset of 500 children to present and discuss alternative psychometric solutions to its internal structure, and also to its subjacent theory. The analyses were based on a polychoric matrix, the number of factors to retain followed several well-known rules of thumb, and a wide range of exploratory methods was fitted to the data, including EFA, PCA, and NA. The statistical outcomes were divergent, varying from 1 to 6 domains, allowing a flexible interpretation of the results. We argue that the use of statistical methods in the absence of a well-grounded psychological theory has limited applications, despite its appeal. All data and codes are available at https://osf.io/z6gwv/.

scholarly journals La catalogación del patrimonio arquitectónico de la ciudad de Valencia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Teresa Broseta Palanca
Keyword(s):  
Land Development ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Heritage Policy ◽  
Development Regulation

ÍndiceIntroducción1 El catálogo urbanístico en Valencia   1.1 Catálogo de Bienes y Espacios Protegidos del PGOU de Valencia    1.2 Normas urbanísticas sobre protección de inmuebles catalogados         1.3 Contenido normativo del catálogo   1.4 Los niveles de protección frente a convenciones de intervención en patrimonio arquitectónico   1.5 Modificaciones del catálogo: la Cárcel Modelo y la Tabacalera2 La ampliación y revisión del catálogo   2.1 La ampliación del Catálogo con los Planes Parciales   2.2 El Catálogo BYEP de Planes Especiales y Planes Especiales de Reforma Interior   2.3 Catálogo BYEP de Palnes Especiales de Protección   2.4 La Revisión Simplificada del Plan General de Valencia. Catálogo Estructural de Bienes y Espacios Protegidos   2.5 La multiplicidad de catálogos en el Término Municipal de Valencia3 La Catalogación de los Planes Especiales de Protección   3.1 Planes de Acción Territorial y Catálogos de Paisaje   3.2 Catálogo de Bienes y Espacios Rurales Protegidos del Plan de Acción Territorial de Protección de la Huerta (PATH)   3.3 Intervenciones en la Huerta Protegida de Valencia: La Punta y La Torre4 La catalogación de los Planes Especiales de Protección   4.1 Planes Especiales de Protección de la ciudad de Valencia    4.2 Normativa Urbanística del PGOU de Valencia sobre Palnes Especiales de Protección   4.3 Propuesta de ordenación de los PEPRI del Conjunto Histórico de la ciudad de Valencia   4.4 La catalogación. Niveles de protección propuestos en los Planes   4.5 Conclusión: cuadro comparativo de los diferentes criterios de intervención sobre inmuebles catalogados en los PEPRIS valencianos5 Catalogación de entornos BIC. La duplicidad de catálogos   5.1 PE de Protección del entorno BIC de la Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Misericordia de Campanar   5.2 PE de Protección del entorno de los BIC: Puerta de los Serranos, Iglesia y Convento de Santo Domingo, Museo de Bellas Artes, Monasterio del Temple, Palacio de Justicia, Exconvento del Carmen e Iglesia de Santa Cruz y Palacio de los Condes de Cervellón6 Conclusiones7 BibliografíaResumenEl presente trabajo es una adaptación del capítulo cuarto de la tesis doctoral realizada por la autora donde se analiza el tratamiento del patrimonio urbano arquitectónico en el ámbito del urbanismo y se aportan propuestas para la mejora de la conservación y difusión de los valores patrimoniales, a través de la optimización de los medios de catalogación. Para ello se comprueba la vigencia de los instrumentos de protección del patrimonio arquitectónico y su aplicación en la planificación urbanística de la Comunidad Valenciana, tanto a escala territorial como en los ámbitos urbanos de la ciudad de Valencia y núcleos de menor población. Asimismo, se analizan las técnicas de registro y catalogación de inmuebles y la adaptación de las TICS a estas prácticas tradicionales, mediante un sistema “e-heritage” como plataforma digital de datos, que garantice la operatividad de la gestión, y la comunicación y difusión del patrimonio por las administraciones. Como contribución, se propone la actualización y digitalización del catálogo de la ciudad Valencia, exportable al resto de catálogos municipales, como herramienta básica en la gestión del patrimonio, en consecución de la primera fase hacia su conservación, el conocimiento de los valores que llevaron a su catalogación.Palabras clave:Catálogo urbano / Patrimonio arquitectónico / Planeamiento / Gestión urbanística / ValenciaAbstract:This work is the fourth chapter adaptation of author’s doctoral thesis, whose main purpose is the knowledge of the validity of heritage preservation tools in town planning and land development management, with the aim to get useful proposals to improve the preservation and dissemination of the heritage values. The document explains the traditional methods of registration and cataloguing and their adaptation to ICT by an e-heritage digital data system, as guarantee of effective heritage policy of preservation, communication and diffusion by public administration. In the same way, the study provides the relation between built heritage management and land use and development regulation of Comunidad Valenciana, either on large territory scale or on urban area of Valencia and underpopulated towns. Given the right study, it provides improvements in the method of heritage identification and designation, as well as progress in built heritage protection rules for Valencian historic towns; furthermore, it contributes to update and digitize the heritage city catalogue of Valencia, with a system exportable to other cities, as a basic tool in cultural heritage management, towards the better identification of the values which cause designation and preservation.Keywords: Urban catalogue / Built heritage / Town planning / Urban Development / Valencia 

scholarly journals The southern Jê and adaptation to the wetland areas on the southern of the Araucarias plateau/Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-747
Author(s):  
Jones Fiegenbaum ◽  
Marina Schmidt Dalzochio ◽  
Eduardo Périco ◽  
Neli Teresinha Galarce Machado
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Right

The Jê archeology has witnessed in the last decades a significant increase in information on the pattern of settlement, subsistence, mobility and ceremonial practices as a result of major projects developed in the South Brazilian Plateau. With the beginning of a systemic and procedural view in archeology, interdisciplinary studies in archaeological research are directed to the study on the understanding of human relations with the environment. Between the basins of the Forqueta and Guaporé Rivers, both tributaries of the right bank of the Taquari/Antas River, twenty-one archaeological sites were found with the presence of pit houses associated with Jê groups. Of the twenty-one areas of identified pit houses, nineteen are in areas close to wetlands. In an interdisciplinary perspective, we seek to understand the reasons why Jê groups established settlements close to wetlands. Six criteria were analyzed regarding the installation of pit houses and the proximity to wetlands, namely hydrography, distance from rivers with running water, clinography, terrain slope, hypsometry, altitude in relation to sea level, soils, soil quality, distance from wetlands, and phytoecological region (vegetation cover). The patterns of occupation of Jê groups were analyzed using the Principal Component Analysis technique on the variables presented.

Freedom of Expression and the Right to Privacy and Ethics in Dialectic of Human Rights in This Complex and Turbulent Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
José Poças Rascão ◽  
Nuno Gonçalo Poças
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
The Right

The article is about human rights freedom of expression, the right to privacy, and ethics. Technological development (internet and social networks) emphasizes the issue of dialectics and poses many challenges. It makes the theoretical review, the history of human rights through and reference documents, an analysis of the concepts of freedom, privacy, and ethics. The internet and social networks pose many problems: digital data, people's tracks, the surveillance of citizens, the social engineering of power, online social networks, e-commerce, spaces of trust, and conflict.

Enhancing Web Data Mining

2017 ◽  
pp. 116-136
Author(s):  
Abhishek Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Web Mining ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Principal Component Regression ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Meta Learning ◽  
The Right ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Three Factor

An enormous production of databases in almost every area of human endeavor particularly through web has created a great demand for new, powerful tools for turning data into useful, task-oriented knowledge. The aim of this study is to study the predictive ability of Factor Analysis a web mining technique to prevent voting, averaging, stack generalization, meta- learning and thus saving much of our time in choosing the right technique for right kind of underlying dataset. This chapter compares the three factor based techniques viz. principal component regression (PCR), Generalized Least Square (GLS) Regression, and Maximum Likelihood Regression (MLR) method and explores their predictive ability on theoretical as well as on experimental basis. All the three factor based techniques have been compared using the necessary conditions for forecasting like R-Square, Adjusted R-Square, F-Test, JB (Jarque-Bera) test of normality. This study can be further explored and enhanced using sufficient conditions for forecasting like Theil's Inequality coefficient (TIC), and Janur Quotient (JQ).

scholarly journals A Study on the Psychological Analysis System Using Machine Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.33) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Ki Young Lee ◽  
Kyu Ho Kim ◽  
Jeong Jin Kang ◽  
Sung Jai Choi ◽  
Yong Soon Im ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Analysis System

Real-time facial expression recognition and analysis technology is recently drawing attention in areas of computer vision, computer graphics, and HCI. Recognition of user’s emotion on the basis of video and voice is drawing particular interest. The technology may help managers of households or hospitals. In the present study, video and voice were converted into digital data through MATLAB by using PCA(Principal Component Analysis), LDA(Linear Discriminant Analysis), KNN(K Nearest Neighbor) algorithms to analyze emotions through machine learning. The manager of the psychological analysis counseling system may understand a user’s emotion in an smart phone environment. This system of the present study may help the manager to have a smooth conversation or develop a smooth relationship with a user on the basis of the provided psychological analysis results. 

scholarly journals Flow profile characteristics in Fontan circulation are associated with the single ventricle dilation and function: principal component analysis study

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (5) ◽  
pp. H1032-H1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Schäfer ◽  
Benjamin S. Frank ◽  
Stephen M. Humphries ◽  
Kendall S. Hunter ◽  
Katherine L. Carmody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Ventricle ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Fontan Circulation ◽  
Collateral Flow ◽  
Right Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function ◽  
Flow Waveforms

The Fontan circulation is characterized as a nonpulsatile flow propagation without a pressure-generating ventricle. However, flow through the Fontan circulation still exhibits oscillatory waves as a result of pressure changes generated by the systemic single ventricle. Identification of discrete flow patterns through the Fontan circuit may be important to understand single ventricle performance. Ninety-seven patients with Fontan circulation underwent phase-contrast MRI of the right pulmonary artery, yielding subject-specific flow waveforms. Principal component (PC) analysis was performed on preprocessed flow waveforms. Principal components were then correlated with standard MRI indices of function, volume, and aortopulmonary collateral flow. The first principal component (PC) described systolic versus diastolic-dominant flow through the Fontan circulation, accounting for 31.3% of the variance in all waveforms. The first PC correlated with end-diastolic volume ( R = 0.34, P = 0.001), and end-systolic volume ( R = 0.30, P = 0.003), cardiac index ( R = 0.51, P < 0.001), and the amount of aortopulmonary collateral flow ( R = 0.25, P = 0.027)—lower ventricular volumes and a smaller volume of collateral flow—were associated with diastolic-dominant cavopulmonary flow. The second PC accounted for 19.5% of variance and described late diastolic acceleration versus deceleration and correlated with ejection fraction—diastolic deceleration was associated with higher ejection fraction. Principal components describing the diastolic flow variations in pulmonary arteries are related to the single ventricle function and volumes. Particularly, diastolic-dominant flow without late acceleration appears to be related to preserved ventricular volume and function, respectively. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The exact physiological significance of flow oscillations of phasic and temporal flow variations in Fontan circulation is unknown. With the use of principal component analysis, we discovered that flow variations in the right pulmonary artery of Fontan patients are related to the single ventricle function and volumes. Particularly, diastolic-dominant flow without late acceleration appears to be related to more ideal ventricular volume and systolic function, respectively.

On Cliff's Formula, the Kaiser-Guttman Rule, and the Number of Factors

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry F. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
The Right

Cliff (1988) has presented a formula for the reliability of a principal component which is different from my long-known formula (Kaiser, 1957, 1991) for coefficient alpha of a principal component. Cliff claims that his approach is “correct” and mine “is the result of a misapplication of the formula for internal consistency reliability” Actually, both developments are correct but are based on different premises: Cliff considers measurement error within—but not between—attributes, while I consider measurement error between—but not within—attributes. The application of my formula to the knotty problem of the “number of factors”—the Kaiser-Guttman Rule—appears often to give the “right” result, when “right” means agreement with the subjective judgment of factor-analytic grandmasters. But when it fails it is approximately equally likely to overfactor as to underfactor. Cliff's formula, on the other hand, when used to establish the number of factors, almost invariably overfactors and, in the limit, as the within-attribute reliabilities all approach one (as with, say, physical attributes), nonsensically will declare all principal components perfectly reliable no matter how small their associated eigenvalues, yielding an absurd answer if used to establish the number of factors.

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