scholarly journals Effect of unconventional by-product on growth performance, digestibility, carcass characteristics, blood profile and cecal microbial activity in New Zealand white rabbits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin M.M. Mahmoud ◽  
Abd El-Kader Mahmoud Kholif ◽  
Mabrouk Elsabagh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Blood Profile

Abstract This study addressed the effect of unconventional by-products on growth performance, carcass characteristics, some blood parameters, and caecal activities in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. A total of 48 weaned NZW rabbits (748 ± 9.50 g BW, 6 weeks old), randomly assigned into three treatment groups (16 each, individually housed), were fed a basal diet containing BBP at 0.00 (Control), 1.00 (Broc1) or 3.00 (Broc2) % on a dry matter (DM) basis as feed additives, for 8 weeks. The Broc2 rabbits showed the highest (P < 0.05) body weight gain and feed intake followed by the Broc1 group compared to the control one. Feed conversion ratio and performance index did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. Nutrient digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) for Broc1 and Broc2 rabbits compared to the control. Both Broc1 and Broc2 rabbits showed higher (P < 0.05) empty edible carcass, giblets, dressing, head, liver, heart and kidney weights, but showed a lower non-edible carcass weight compared to the control. Blood proteins and liver function enzymes were increased (P < 0.05) whereas the glucose, total cholesterol, uric acid and creatinine were decreased (P < 0.05) in Broc1 and Broc2 rabbits compared to the control. The caecal concentration of total volatile fatty acids was increased (P < 0.05) but that of ammonia was decreased (P < 0.05) with Broc1 and Broc2 groups of rabbits compared to those of control. Thus, dietary supplementation of BBP at 3% of DM in rabbits’ diets could improve their growth performance, carcass traits, liver function and blood profile as well as the caecal fermentation parameters.

Effect of processed doum palm (Hyphaene thebaica) pulp meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and haematological indices of broilers

2021 ◽  
pp. 182-187
Author(s):  
Ibe Emmanuel Agwor ◽  
◽  
Kudu Yahaya Salihu ◽  
Bisi Alex Ayanwale ◽  
Malik Abdulganiyu Ayodele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Haematological Indices

The increase in human population, particularly in the developing countries like Nigeria and the demand for animal protein intake has necessitated different approaches of solving protein shortage. A 28-day study was carried out to determine the performance of finishers fed on different hourly soaked doum palm (Hyphaene thebaica) pulp meal (DPPM) diets. Two hundred and sixteen (216) finishers (4 week-old) were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments. Each treatment consisted of 36 birds with three replicates (12 birds per replicate) in a completely randomized design (CRD). Six experimental diets were formulated and designed as follows: T1 (Control) contained 0% DPPM while T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 contained 12.5% each of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours soaked DPPM as substitute for maize, respectively. Feeds and water were provided ad libitum for all treatment groups. The average body weight gain (40.44- 42.71 g/b/d), average feed intake (87.52-96.73 g/b/d) and feed conversion ratio (2.14-2.34) were non-significant (p>0.05) regardless of the dietary treatments. Statistical differences (p<0.05) were observed in some carcass parameters such as thigh (13.40-14.98%), neck (5.32-6.55%), shank (3.81-5.2 %), wing (9.80-11.41%), head (2.43-3.74%) and two haematological indices; white blood cell (160.67-189.53 X 103/mm3) and eosinophils (0.33-2.00%) across the treatment groups. The processed DPPM could serve as a rich energy source in broiler feeds with the raw doum palm pulp containing 2987.45 kcal/kg. Also, soaking the pulp for 2 to 10 hours before been included in broiler diet improved the nutritional content, acceptability, palatability and utilization of the feed by the broilers. Thus, up to 12.5% processed DPPM can be included in the diets of broiler chickens without adverse effect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and haematological indices of chickens.

scholarly journals Role of probiotics in nutrition and health of small ruminants

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Abd El-Tawab ◽  
I.M.I. Youssef ◽  
H.A. Bakr ◽  
G.C. Fthenakis ◽  
N.D. Giadinis
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Research On Application

AbstractSmall ruminants represent an important economic source in small farm systems and agriculture. Feed is the main component of livestock farming, which has gained special attention to improve animal performance. Many studies have been done to improve feed utilisation through addition of feed additives. For a long period, antibiotics have been widely used as growth promoters in livestock diets. Due to their ban in many countries, search for alternative feed additives has been intensified. Probiotics are one of these alternatives recognised to be safe to the animals. Use of probiotics in small ruminant nutrition has been confirmed to improve animal health, productivity and immunity. Probiotics improved growth performance through enhancing of rumen microbial ecosystem, nutrient digestibility and feed conversion rate. Moreover, probiotics have been reported to stabilise rumen pH, increase volatile fatty acids production and to stimulate lactic acid utilising protozoa, resulting in a highly efficient rumen function. Furthermore, use of probiotics has been found to increase milk production and can reduce incidence of neonatal diarrhea and mortality. However, actual mechanisms through which probiotics exert these functions are not known. Since research on application of probiotics in small ruminants is scarce, the present review attempts to discuss the potential roles of this class of feed additives on productive performance and health status of these animals.

Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass and economic characteristics of turkey poults fed millet-based diets as a replacement for maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
A. A. Malik ◽  
M. J. Ibrahim ◽  
Y. S. Kudu ◽  
O. P. Jibogun ◽  
Y. J. Adeniyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A nine (9) weeks feeding trial was conducted on seventy two (72) day-old Indigenous turkey poults raised on deep litter to determine their growth performance, carcass and economic characteristics when fed three dietary treatments (T1, T2, and T3, containing 0%, 25% and 50% replacement of maize with millet respectively. The birds were divided into three replicates of 8 birds per replicate; making a total of 24 birds per treatment. At the end of the & week, 4 birds per replicate were transferred to specially-designed metabolism cages for a digestibility study involving the collection of faecal droppings; while at the end of the week of the experiments, two birds per replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered to determine their carcass characteristics. Turkey poults fed millet at 25 %replacement showed significantly (p<0.05) higher body weight gain, lower cost of feed per kg live weight gain and higher revenue generated per bird; but there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the performance of birds on 0% and 50 % replacements for those parameters. Also, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in feed intake and mortality across the treatments. Similarly, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in nutrient digestibilities and carcass characteristics of the birds among the various dietary treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded hat millet cam be used to replace maize up to S0 % in the diets of turkey poults at the starter phase with no detrimental effects on their performance

scholarly journals Effect of methionine supplementation on the growth performance of rabbit

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Yesmin ◽  
ME Uddin ◽  
R Chacrabati ◽  
M Al-Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Four Levels

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of methionine supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and growth performance of growing rabbit. Sixteen weaned crossbred New Zealand White (NZW) growing rabbits (30-35 d) were distributed into four treatment groups having four replications in each group using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Basal diet composed of green grass (dhal grass) and concentrate mixture which was offered ad libitum basis for 56 days period. Four levels of methionine such as 0.0% (control), 0.15%, 0.25%, and 0.35% were supplemented randomly to rabbits. Results showed that supplementation of methionine did not affect green grass intake. Cumulative as well as daily concentrate and DM intake were significantly (p<0.05) higher for all methionine groups than control group. Final body weight gain as well as daily, weekly and cumulative body weight gains were improved significantly with increasing level of methionine. It was found that methionine had significant (p<0.01) effect on digestibility of DM, CP, NFE and EE but CF digestibility did not differ significantly. Digestibility was improved with increasing the level of methionine. Feed conversion ratio also decreased significantly with methionine supplementation, and 0.25% methionine group showed the best performance among the four treatments. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15777 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 40 43

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Carcass Characteristics of Pigs Fed Diets Containing Amarula (Sclerocarya Birrea A. Rich) Nut Cake as Replacement To Soybean Meal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggy Palesa Mabena ◽  
Moses Ratsaka ◽  
Thobela Nkukwana ◽  
Ingrid Malebana ◽  
Douglas Nkosi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea

Abstract This experiment evaluated varying levels of Amarula (Sclerocarya birrea A. Rich) nut cake (ANC) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics in pigs. Thirty Large White × Landrace (LW × LR) pigs were stratified by weight (average live weight of 20 ± 5 kg) and randomly allocated to the five experimental diets that contained 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 g ANC/kg DM. Each pig served as a replicate unit, housed individually. Bodyweight, feed intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded weekly throughout the trial period. On completion of the growth trial, following a 3-day adaptation, a nutrient digestibility study was conducted over 5 days. Thereafter, pigs were fasted for twelve hours, weighed, slaughtered, and carcass samples were collected for analysis. Feed intake was not affected by dietary treatment, but ADGs were reduced at ANC levels > 15%, resulting in poor FCR. Protein digestibility was reduced at ANC levels > 15%, while ether extract and fibre levels increased. Warm and cold carcass weights were lower at ANC levels > 15, with improved meat redness and lightness. It was concluded that ANC could replace SBM in the diet of growing pigs at less than 15% inclusion level.

scholarly journals Growth performance, haematological and biochemical indices of grazed Red Sokoto bucks supplemented with dried ripe plantain peels.

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
A. I. Ukanwoko ◽  
N. C. Douglas ◽  
N. C. Igwe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Biochemical Indices

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and blood profile of grazedRed Sokoto bucks supplemented with dried ripe plantain peels. Nine bucks were used for thisexperiment. The goats were apportioned to three treatment diets and dried ripe plantainpeels incorporated at 0%, 5% and 10% inclusion levels for T , T and T respectively. The 1 2 3,bucks were taken out for grazing in the morning (9.00am – 12noon) and thereafter fed theexperimental diet. The experiment lasted for eight (8) weeks. The animals were weighed atthe beginning of the experiment and weekly afterwards. Feed intake was calculated as thedifference between feed served and refusal. Blood samples of the bucks were collected todetermine the blood profile using disposable syringes and sterile needles. Results showedthat the final body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) differedsignificantly (P<0.05). The final body weight, body weight gain and FCR were 18.02kg,2.01kg, 3.42; 20.75kg, 3.89kg, 1.26 and 21.35kg, 4.80kg, 1.10 for T , T and T respectively. 1 2 3,Platelet, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), urea and creatinine values differedsignificantly (P<0.05). The highest platelet was recorded for bucks on T (212.91x10 3/ul) 3while the lowest was for bucks on T (202.30x103/ul). ALP, TP, urea and creatinine values 1were 29.00u/l, 60.00g/l, 8.00m/mol,72.50m/mol; 30.30u/l, 52.30g/l, 10.00m/mol,141.00m/mol and 42.00u/l, 53.30g/l, 9.70m/mol, 112.30m/mol for T , T and T , respectively. 1 2 3The inclusion of supplemental dried ripe plantain peels in the diet of Red Sokoto bucksenhanced the body weight and did not have any adverse effect on their blood profile.

scholarly journals Effects of Probiotic (Lactobacillus spp) Mixed with Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta) on Growth Performances and Meat Quality of Cherry Valley Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Al Syifaa Hassan ◽  
Connie Fay Komilus
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Cherry Valley Duck ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that had been used in poultry industry as alternative sources for antibiotic. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of probiotic mixed with cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta) on Cherry Valley Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. Lactobacillus spp. was used in this experiment to see its effectiveness in enhancing quality of cassava leaves as potential feed towards optimum growth performance of ducks like body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, carcass characteristics and meat quality. 34 tails of Cherry Valley ducks aged 14 days with average weight of 500 g were randomly assigned to four treatments in triplicates. Treatments for the 35 days feeding trial were T1 at 0% probiotic + 75% commercial diet + 25% cassava leaves (control), T2 (0.15% probiotic + 75% commercial diet + 25% cassava leaves), T3 (0.30% probiotic + 75% commercial diet + 25% cassava leaves) and T4 (0.45% probiotic + 75% commercial diet + 25% cassava leaves) respectively. Proximate analysis was also conducted to determine nutritional content like protein, lipid, moisture, ash and fiber. Results show that supplementation of probiotic at 0.15% Lactobacillus spp. into 25% of cassava leaves and 75% commercial pellet gave highest body weight gain (BWG), low feed conversion ratio (FCR), highest carcass yield and good meat quality. It can be concluded that inclusion of probiotic at 0.15% in cassava leaves as duck’s diet gives good growth performance and may become an alternative super diet for duck in future.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i>) essential oil, avilamycin and protexin on broiler performance, blood biochemistry and carcass characteristics

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Riyazi ◽  
Y. Ebrahimnezhad ◽  
S. A. Hosseini ◽  
A. Meimandipour ◽  
A. Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion

Abstract. The effects of a probiotic (protexin), a medicinal plant (basil essential oil) and an antibiotic growth promoter (avilamycin) as broiler feed additives on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broilers were studied. A total of 600 Arian broilers were divided into six treatments, with four replicates of 25 birds. Treatments were a plant essential oil in three levels (200, 400 and 600 ppm), the probiotic (150 ppm), the antibiotic (150 ppm) and a control group with no additives. Birds in different treatments received the same diets during the experimental period. Growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and carcass traits were measured. There were no effects of dietary treatment on body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of the broilers. Internal organ weights and carcass characteristics were not influenced by treatments; however, 200 ppm basil essential oil supplementation decreased abdominal fat (P < 0.05). Biochemical parameters including serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol were not statistically influenced. However, addition of 400 ppm basil essential oil into diet increased serum triglyceride as compared to the control (P < 0.05). Results of this experiment demonstrated that the herbal natural feed additives such as basil may be used as alternatives to an antibiotic growth promoter without any adverse effects on broiler production.

Effects of dietary methionine deficiency followed by replenishment on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
K. Cui ◽  
T. Ma ◽  
F. Zhang ◽  
S.-Q. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Methionine Deficiency ◽  
The Difference

Twelve pairs of male twin lambs were used to assess the effects of dietary methionine (Met) deficiency followed by replenishment on lamb growth performance and carcass characteristics. All lambs were weaned at 7 days of age and divided into the Control (CON) group and Met deficiency (MD) group. From 8 to 56 days of age, the lambs in the CON group were fed a milk replacer and starter feed containing 0.91% and 0.60% Met, respectively, whereas the lambs in the MD group were fed with a milk replacer and starter feed containing 0.21% and 0.20% Met, respectively. All lambs were fed a starter feed containing 0.60% Met from 57 to 84 days of age. Six twin pairs were slaughtered at 56 and 84 days of age, and their organ weights and carcass traits were measured. During 8 to 56 days of age, the Met-deficient diet decreased (P &lt; 0.05) Met intake, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, shrunk bodyweight, empty bodyweight, hot carcass weight, and the apparent digestibility of crude protein, ether extract and neutral detergent fibre; however, no differences were detected in dressing percentage or in the percentage of visceral organ weight to shrunk bodyweight between the groups (P &gt; 0.05). During the follow-up Met replenishment stage, no differences in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and percentages of visceral organs to shrunk bodyweight were found between the groups (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary Met deficiency in early life retarded the growth and development of lambs. Growth rate was not retarded during the 28 days of subsequent Met replenishment, but the difference in bodyweight between the groups remained.

scholarly journals Dietary inclusion of ensiled avocado oil cake affects growth, nutrient digestion, and carcass characteristics of pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Seshoka ◽  
P.J. Fourie ◽  
A.T. Kanengoni ◽  
I.M.M. Malebana ◽  
R.S. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Avocado Oil ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Daily Gain

In this experiment, the effects were evaluated of various dietary inclusion levels of avocado oil cake (AOC) silage on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics in pigs. A mixture of 70% AOC, 25% wheat bran, and 5% sugarcane molasses was ensiled in 200 L drums for 90 days. It was then incorporated at 0%, 3% and 5% in the experimental diets. Twenty-seven Large White cross Landrace (LW x LR) weaner pigs, with an average live weight of 22 kg, were stratified by weight and randomly allocated to the three experimental diets (9 pigs/diet). Pigs were weighed individually each week throughout the trial. Daily feed intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion rates (FCRs) were recorded. A nutrient digestibility study was carried out on completion of the growth trial. At the end of the experiment, pigs were fasted for twelve hours and weighed to determine the final weight. The pigs were then slaughtered, and carcass samples were collected and analysed. The growth performance of pigs was not affected by diet, irrespective of fibre levels in the AOC silage. However, the addition of 3% AOC silage improved the digestibility of fibre fractions. The weights of the cold carcass, chops, and backfat thickness were reduced with AOC silage addition.

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