scholarly journals Global Survey of miRNAs and tRNA-derived Small RNAs From Human Parasitic Protist Trichomonas Vaginalis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhensheng Wang ◽  
Hongchang Zhou ◽  
Chunyan Wei ◽  
Zhihua Wang ◽  
Xiao Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Parasitic Protist ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Trna Halves

Abstract BackgroundSmall non-coding RNAs play critical regulatory roles in post-transcription. However, their characteristics in Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis), the causative agent of human sexually transmitted trichomoniasis, still remain to be unveiled. MethodsSmall RNA transcriptomes from Trichomonas trophozoites were deeply sequenced through Illumina NextSeq 500 system and comprehensively analyzed to identify Trichomonas miRNAs and tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). The tsRNAs candidates were confirmed by stem-loop RT-PCR and motifs to guide the cleavage of tsRNAs were predicted by performing GLAM2 algorithm. ResultsThe miRNAs were found at extremely low abundance (0.0046%) in T. vaginalis. Three categories of endogenous Trichomonas tsRNAs were identified as 5'tritsRNAs, mid-tritsRNAs and 3'tritsRNAs, with 5'tritsRNAs dominating (67.63%) in tsRNAs. Interestingly, the cleavage site analysis verified both conventional classes of tRFs and tRNA-halves in tritsRNAs, indicating the expression of tRNA-halves in non-stress condition. A total of 25 tritsRNAs were experimentally confirmed, accounting for 78.1% of all tested candidates. Three motifs were predicted to guide the production of tritsRNAs. This proved the expression of tRFs and tRNA-halves in T. vaginalis transcriptome. ConclusionsThis is the first report of genome-wide investigation of small RNAs, particularly tsRNAs and miRNAs, from Trichomonas parasites. Our findings demonstrate the expression profile of tsRNAs in T. vaginalis, while miRNA was hardly discovered. These results might promote the further research to better understand the evolution of small non-coding RNA in T. vaginalis and their functions in pathogenesis of trichomoniasis.

scholarly journals Global survey of miRNAs and tRNA-derived small RNAs from the human parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Sheng Wang ◽  
Hong-Chang Zhou ◽  
Chun-Yan Wei ◽  
Zhi-Hua Wang ◽  
Xiao Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Parasitic Protist ◽  
Trna Halves

Abstract Background Small non-coding RNAs play critical regulatory roles in post-transcription. However, their characteristics in Trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of human sexually transmitted trichomoniasis, still remain to be determined. Methods Small RNA transcriptomes from Trichomonas trophozoites were deep sequenced using the Illumina NextSeq 500 system and comprehensively analyzed to identify Trichomonas microRNAs (miRNAs) and transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). The tsRNA candidates were confirmed by stem-loop quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and motifs to guide the cleavage of tsRNAs were predicted using the GLAM2 algorithm. Results The miRNAs were found to be present in T. vaginalis but at an extremely low abundance (0.0046%). Three categories of endogenous Trichomonas tsRNAs were identified, namely 5′tritsRNAs, mid-tritsRNAs and 3′tritsRNAs, with the 5′tritsRNAs constituting the dominant category (67.63%) of tsRNAs. Interestingly, the cleavage site analysis verified both conventional classes of tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and tRNA-halves in tritsRNAs, indicating the expression of tRNA-halves in the non-stress condition. A total of 25 tritsRNAs were experimentally confirmed, accounting for 78.1% of all tested candidates. Three motifs were predicted to guide the production of tritsRNAs. The results prove the expression of tRFs and tRNA-halves in the T. vaginalis transcriptome. Conclusions This is the first report of genome-wide investigation of small RNAs, particularly tsRNAs and miRNAs, from Trichomonas parasites. Our findings demonstrate the expression profile of tsRNAs in T. vaginalis, while miRNA was barely detected. These results may promote further research aimed at gaining a better understanding of the evolution of small non-coding RNA in T. vaginalis and their functions in the pathogenesis of trichomoniasis.

How to find small non-coding RNAs in bacteria

2005 ◽  
Vol 386 (12) ◽  
pp. 1219-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Vogel ◽  
Cynthia Mira Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Regulatory Circuit ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

AbstractSmall non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) have attracted considerable attention as an emerging class of gene expression regulators. In bacteria, a few regulatory RNA molecules have long been known, but the extent of their role in the cell was not fully appreciated until the recent discovery of hundreds of potential sRNA genes in the bacteriumEscherichia coli. Orthologs of theseE. colisRNA genes, as well as unrelated sRNAs, were also found in other bacteria. Here we review the disparate experimental approaches used over the years to identify sRNA molecules and their genes in prokaryotes. These include genome-wide searches based on the biocomputational prediction of non-coding RNA genes, global detection of non-coding transcripts using microarrays, and shotgun cloning of small RNAs (RNomics). Other sRNAs were found by either co-purification with RNA-binding proteins, such as Hfq or CsrA/RsmA, or classical cloning of abundant small RNAs after size fractionation in polyacrylamide gels. In addition, bacterial genetics offers powerful tools that aid in the search for sRNAs that may play a critical role in the regulatory circuit of interest, for example, the response to stress or the adaptation to a change in nutrient availability. Many of the techniques discussed here have also been successfully applied to the discovery of eukaryotic and archaeal sRNAs.

scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNAs as Endogenous Target Mimics and Exploration of Their Role in Low Nutrient Stress Tolerance in Plants

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Borah ◽  
Antara Das ◽  
Matthew Milner ◽  
Arif Ali ◽  
Alison Bentley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Endogenous Target ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Nutrient Homeostasis ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) research in plants has recently gained momentum taking cues from studies in animals systems. The availability of next-generation sequencing has enabled genome-wide identification of lncRNA in several plant species. Some lncRNAs are inhibitors of microRNA expression and have a function known as target mimicry with the sequestered transcript known as an endogenous target mimic (eTM). The lncRNAs identified to date show diverse mechanisms of gene regulation, most of which remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the role of identified putative lncRNAs that may act as eTMs for nutrient-responsive microRNAs (miRNAs) in plants. If functionally validated, these putative lncRNAs would enhance current understanding of the role of lncRNAs in nutrient homeostasis in plants.

scholarly journals Emerging Roles of Estrogen-Regulated Enhancer and Long Non-Coding RNAs

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3711
Author(s):  
Melina J. Sedano ◽  
Alana L. Harrison ◽  
Mina Zilaie ◽  
Chandrima Das ◽  
Ramesh Choudhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Genome-wide RNA sequencing has shown that only a small fraction of the human genome is transcribed into protein-coding mRNAs. While once thought to be “junk” DNA, recent findings indicate that the rest of the genome encodes many types of non-coding RNA molecules with a myriad of functions still being determined. Among the non-coding RNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) and enhancer RNAs (eRNA) are found to be most copious. While their exact biological functions and mechanisms of action are currently unknown, technologies such as next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and global nuclear run-on sequencing (GRO-seq) have begun deciphering their expression patterns and biological significance. In addition to their identification, it has been shown that the expression of long non-coding RNAs and enhancer RNAs can vary due to spatial, temporal, developmental, or hormonal variations. In this review, we explore newly reported information on estrogen-regulated eRNAs and lncRNAs and their associated biological functions to help outline their markedly prominent roles in estrogen-dependent signaling.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and characterization of long non-coding RNAs responsive to Dickeya zeae in rice

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (60) ◽  
pp. 34408-34417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Qi Li ◽  
Yu Lin Jia ◽  
Feng Quan Liu ◽  
Fang Quan Wang ◽  
Fang Jun Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Epigenetic Regulator ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Plant long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of newly emerging epigenetic regulator playing a critical role in plant growth, development, and biotic stress responses.

scholarly journals Long Non-coding RNA Signatures Associated With Liver Aging in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Juanjuan Duan ◽  
Yu Du ◽  
Jinlu Xie ◽  
Haijing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Senescence Accelerated Mouse

The liver is sensitive to aging because the risk of hepatopathy, including fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, increases dramatically with age. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are >200 nucleotides long and affect many pathological and physiological processes. A potential link was recently discovered between lncRNAs and liver aging; however, comprehensive and systematic research on this topic is still limited. In this study, the mouse liver genome-wide lncRNA profiles of 8-month-old SAMP8 and SAMR1 models were explored through deep RNA sequencing. A total of 605,801,688 clean reads were generated. Among the 2,182 identified lncRNAs, 28 were differentially expressed between SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) surveys showed that these substantially dysregulated lncRNAs participated in liver aging from different aspects, such as lipid catabolic (GO: 0016042) and metabolic pathways. Further assessment was conducted on lncRNAs that are most likely to be involved in liver aging and related diseases, such as LNC_000027, LNC_000204E, NSMUST00000144661.1, and ENSMUST00000181906.1 acted on Ces1g. This study provided the first comprehensive dissection of lncRNA landscape in SAMP8 mouse liver. These lncRNAs could be exploited as potential targets for the molecular-based diagnosis and therapy of age-related liver diseases.

scholarly journals Role of Non-coding RNA in Acetaminophen-induced Liver Injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Chowdhary ◽  
Pipasha Biswas ◽  
Kalpana Ghoshal
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Stem Loop Structure ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Rnas

Genomic and transcriptomic analyses have well established that the major fraction of the mammalian genome is transcribed into different classes of RNAs ranging in size from a few nucleotides to hundreds of thousands of nucleotides, which do not encode any protein. Some of these non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are directly or indirectly linked to the regulation of expression or functions of ~25,000 proteins coded by <2% of the human genome. Among these regulatory RNAs, microRNAs are small (21-25 nucleotide) RNAs that are processed from precursor RNAs that have stem-loop structure, whereas non-coding RNAs >200 nucleotides are termed lncRNAs (long ncRNAs). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are newly identified lncRNA members that are generated by back-splicing of primary transcripts. The functions of ncRNAs in modulating liver toxicity of xenobiotics are emerging only recently. Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, paracetamol or APAP) is a safe analgesic and antipyretic drug at the therapeutic dose. However, it can cause severe liver toxicity that may lead to liver failure if overdosed or combined with alcohol, herbs, or other xenobiotics. This review discusses the role of ncRNAs in acetaminophen metabolism, toxicity, and liver regeneration after APAP - induced liver injury (AILI).

scholarly journals Bioinformatics Analysis of Long Non-coding RNA and Related Diseases: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Gong ◽  
Wen Zhu ◽  
Meili Sun ◽  
Lei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Cancer Côlon ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are usually located in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells. The transcripts of lncRNAs are &gt;200 nucleotides in length and do not encode proteins. Compared with small RNAs, lncRNAs have longer sequences, more complex spatial structures, and more diverse and complex mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression. LncRNAs are widely involved in the biological processes of cells, and in the occurrence and development of many human diseases. Many studies have shown that lncRNAs can induce the occurrence of diseases, and some lncRNAs undergo specific changes in tumor cells. Research into the roles of lncRNAs has covered the diagnosis of, for example, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and central nervous system diseases. The bioinformatics of lncRNAs has gradually become a research hotspot and has led to the discovery of a large number of lncRNAs and associated biological functions, and lncRNA databases and recognition models have been developed. In this review, the research progress of lncRNAs is discussed, and lncRNA-related databases and the mechanisms and modes of action of lncRNAs are described. In addition, disease-related lncRNA methods and the relationships between lncRNAs and human lung adenocarcinoma, rectal cancer, colon cancer, heart disease, and diabetes are discussed. Finally, the significance and existing problems of lncRNA research are considered.

scholarly journals Circulating Non-Coding RNAs in Head and Neck Cancer: Roles in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy Monitoring

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Araceli Diez-Fraile ◽  
Joke De Ceulaer ◽  
Charlotte Derpoorter ◽  
Christophe Spaas ◽  
Tom De Backer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Trna Halves

Head and neck cancer (HNC), the seventh most common form of cancer worldwide, is a group of epithelial malignancies affecting sites in the upper aerodigestive tract. The 5-year overall survival for patients with HNC has stayed around 40–50% for decades, with mortality being attributable mainly to late diagnosis and recurrence. Recently, non-coding RNAs, including tRNA halves, YRNA fragments, microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been identified in the blood and saliva of patients diagnosed with HNC. These observations have recently fueled the study of their potential use in early detection, diagnosis, and risk assessment. The present review focuses on recent insights and the potential impact that circulating non-coding RNA evaluation may have on clinical decision-making in the management of HNC.

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