scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Molecular Diagnosis of Brucellosis Among Patients at Selected Hospitals of Abbottabad, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laiba Hassan ◽  
Shahzad Ali ◽  
Muhammad Ali Syed ◽  
Asim Ali Shah ◽  
Shahid Ahmad Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Brucellosis is a neglected disease of ruminants with zoonotic potential. It causes severe health problems in humans and economic loss. Only a limited number of studies have been conducted in Pakistan to determine the prevalence of human brucellosis and related risk factors. The objectives of the current cross-sectional study were to determine prevalence of Brucella infection in sera collected from patients at three hospitals of Abbottabad. Risk factors were investigated. Methods: A total of 500 blood samples were collected. A questionnaire was filled in for each patient to obtain information on age, gender, living area, brucellosis associated symptoms, associated risk factors, pregnancy and abortion history. Serum agglutination test (SAT) was performed to detect antibodies against brucellae. A genus specific BCSP-31 gene RT-PCR was used to detect Brucella DNA in the sample. Statistical analysis was done to determine odd ratios, risk ratios, 95% confidence intervals and p values. Results: A total of 13.6% (n=68) patients were found to be SAT positive. DNA was found in 11.4% (n=57) samples. The prevalence of brucellosis was reported to be higher in women (14.6%, n=44) than in man (12.1%, n=24). The age group of 25-50 years was found to be at higher risk for brucellosis (14.5%, n=50). “Animal contact” was reported as the main risk factor followed by “consumption of raw animal products”. About 9.9% pregnant women (n=13) were found brucellosis positive. Of these 23.8% (n=5) had an abortion history. Conclusions: The present study reports a striking prevalence of brucellosis among patients including pregnant women at three hospitals of Abbottabad. These findings must foster strategies for controlling human brucellosis at household level, raising of awareness about brucellosis in hospital and family doctors and finally in setting up an eradication program in the dairy industry.

scholarly journals Risk factors for acute brucellosis in patients on the day of admission at selected hospitals of Abbottabad, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laiba Hassan ◽  
Shahzad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Animal Contact

Abstract Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease of ruminants. It causes severe health problems in humans and significant economic loss. Only a limited number of studies have been conducted in Pakistan to determine the prevalence of human brucellosis and related risk factors. The objectives of the current cross-sectional study were to determine the prevalence of anti-Brucella antibodies in sera collected from symptomatic patients at three hospitals of Abbottabad using a commercial slide agglutination test (SAT) and to determine risk factors for brucellosis for these patients. Five hundred blood samples were collected. A questionnaire was filled in for each patient to obtain information on age, gender, living area, brucellosis associated symptoms, pregnancy and abortion history. A total of 13.6% (n=68) patients were found to be SAT positive and in 83.3% (n=57) of these samples Brucella DNA was detected by genus specific BCSP-31 gene using real time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed to determine odd ratios, risk ratios, 95% confidence intervals and P-values. The prevalence of anti-Brucella antibodies was reported to be higher in women (14.6%, n=44) than in man (12.1%, n=24). The age group of 25-50 years was found to be at higher risk for brucellosis (14.5%, n=50). Animal contact was reported as the main risk associated factor followed by consumption of raw animal products. Thirteen pregnant women (9.9%) were found brucellosis positive. Of these, 23.8% (n=5) had an abortion history. The present study reports a striking prevalence of brucellosis among patients including pregnant women at three hospitals of Abbottabad. These findings may foster strategies for controlling human brucellosis at household level, raising of awareness about brucellosis in hospital and family doctors and finally in setting up an eradication program in the dairy industry.

scholarly journals Occupational Exposure Assessment and Seroprevalence of Brucella Specific Antibodies Among Veterinarians in the Northern Palestine

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Alzuheir ◽  
Hamzeh Al Zabadi ◽  
Muhammed Abu Helal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
The Public ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Brucellosis is one of the most popular zoonosis in the world caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella. The disease is considered an occupational risk to persons dealing with animals and animal products. Brucellosis is endemic in livestock in Palestine. Yet, few studies investigated human brucellosis in Palestine. We aimed to estimate Brucella seropositivity among veterinary healthcare professionals in Northern Palestine, and to assess the associated risk factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four governorates in the Northern West Bank (Jenin, Nablus, Qalqylia, and Tulkarm). A sample of 100 veterinarians was collected. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to assess risk factors. Blood samples were collected to be screened for the presence of anti-Brucella IgG using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).Results: The seroprevalence of Brucellosis by ELISA was 76%. Risk factors included working in the public sector, dealing with animals' vaccination, longer period of exposure, and advancing in age.Conclusions: Brucellosis is a high-risk occupational disease among veterinarians. Its prevalence rate among veterinary healthcare workers in the Northern West Bank, Palestine was very high compared to neighboring countries and internationally.

scholarly journals Detection of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors during Pregnancy in Southwest Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Soltani ◽  
Ali Dalir Ghaffari ◽  
Mehdi Sagha Kahvaz ◽  
Mohamad Sabaghan ◽  
Marzieh Pashmforosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Southwest Iran

Background. This research was aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in pregnant women and related risk factors in southwest Iran. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, eighty-eight pregnant women were included from October 2019 to December 2019. The presence of anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, a questionnaire consisting of demographic information was completed for each subject. Results. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was estimated to be 34.09% (30/88). Of these, 1 (1.13%) and 29 (32.95%) samples were found positive for IgM and IgG, respectively. Regarding the risk factors, the consumption of raw/undercooked meat ( P value = 0.007) and history of abortion ( P value = 0.017) were significantly associated with IgG seroprevalence in pregnant women. Conclusion. The results showed that the pregnant women of southwest Iran might be moderately exposed to T. gondii. Since the risk of acute T. gondii infection in this susceptible group is very important, regular screening tests to diagnose the infection are recommended before pregnancy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bably Sabina Azhar ◽  
Md Shofikul Islam ◽  
Md Rezaul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Iron Supplement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Background: Anemia has created attention worldwide because of its adverse effects on the mother and the fetus during pregnancy. A large body of evidence has shown that pregnant women are the most vulnerable group to anemia. Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of anemia, and associated risk factors, among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at government and private hospitals in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 424 pregnant women, who visited hospitals for ANC from January to July 2019. We used a simple random sampling technique to select study subjects. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and participant’s current medical record cards. SPSS software was used for analyzing data. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 62.5% and significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the subjects attending ANC in government hospitals (68.7%) than in private (55.0%) hospitals. The prevalence of the severity of anemia was 28.3% mild, 36.9% moderate, and 3.40% severe in government hospitals while in private hospitals was 14.7% mild, 39.8% moderate, and 0.5% severe anemia. Anemia was significantly associated with maternal age 20–25 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.9] and 26–30 years (AOR = 2.37), monthly family income (300–500) US$ (AOR = 2.76), and ANC in government hospitals (AOR = 2.02), the parity [multiparous (AOR = 1.92)], gravidity [multigravid (AOR = 1.63)], contraception [no contraception (AOR = 2.50), and iron supplement [no iron supplement (AOR = 0.64). Conclusions: The result suggests that pregnant women should receive routine ANC and recognize iron supplementation during pregnancy. Finally, the results of this study are particularly relevant for pregnant women who are receiving ANC.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Livestock and Residents of New Valley Governorate, Egypt

2020 ◽  
pp. 531-539
Author(s):  
Mohamed Said Diab ◽  
Sherif Abd Allah Zidan ◽  
Nermin Abdalla A. Hassan ◽  
Haitham Elaadli ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Bayoumi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease which is now considered endemic in most parts of Egypt. A cross-sectional study was carried out from December 2018 to February 2020 to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in humans and livestock residing in two regions located in New Valley Governorate, Egypt. A total of 1254 animals (673 cattle, 348 sheep, and 233 goats) and 523 human serum samples were examined for brucellosis using Rose Bengal test (RBT) and then randomly selected sera (15 from cattle, 7 from sheep, 3 from goats, and 45 from humans) were further analyzed by complement fixation test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to compare and detect the sensitivity and specificity of RBT. The prevalence of brucellosis was 0% in cattle, sheep, and goats while it was 23.9% in humans using RBT. Concerning humans, there was a higher percentage of infection in EL Kharga (33.6%). The prevalence of this infection was also at a higher level among individuals aged above 40 years (28.57%). Furthermore, men (26.11%) were more inclined to be inflicted, compared to women (22.5%) with no significant difference. Considering the human occupation, abattoir workers were the most predominant group of people at risk (33.3%), followed by farmers (31.25%) and animal keepers (20.6%) while the lowest prevalence was demonstrated in the housewives where the prevalence was 18.8 %. As a result, risk factors of the age range, locality, time of infection, contact with animals, and occupational groups could significantly affect the prevalence of human brucellosis in the New Valley Governorate. In conclusion, brucellosis is an alarming problem among residents of the New Valley Governorate. Thus, reducing the prevalence in humans and animals in the region of study may include restriction of the marketing the raw milk and enhancing public health awareness.

scholarly journals Group B Streptococcus Colonisation, Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Dschang District Hospital, West Region of Cameroun: A hospital-based Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Sama ◽  
michel Noubom ◽  
Christelle KENNE ◽  
Thibau Tchouangueu ◽  
omer Ngouateu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group B ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS), also name as Streptococcus agalactiae, is a gram-positive bacterium know for it capacity to colonises the vaginal and rectal areas of the mother and is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility of GBS colonization among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Dschang District Hospital. Methods: This hospital-base cross-sectional study targeted pregnant women population attending hospitals for routine prenatal testing using a multistage sampling method. Pregnant women at 23.46 ± 6.44 weeks gestation completed a questionnaire and vaginal swabs were obtained for GBS analysis. Data were analysed using chi-squared (χ2) test or the Fisher’s exact test when appropriate and the multivariable logistic regression models. Results: The colonisation rate of GBS among pregnant women was 8.69%. Induce abortion (odds ratio [CI] = 3.09, 95% [1.56-6.21]), Spontaneaous abortions (OR= 2.82, 95% CI 1.14-7.29), Stillborn (OR [CI] = 7.75, 95% [2.61-21.71]), Fever (OR [CI] = 0.37, 95% [0.19-0.71]) and anemia (OR [CI] = 0.22, 95% [0.12-0.43]) were found to be influencing factors associated with GBS colonisation. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that none of the studied factors were significantly associated with GBS colonisation. Further longitudinal research is needed to establish the causal relationship and its biological mechanisms. Keys words: Group B Streptococcus, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Pregnant Women

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Risk Factors Among Non-Pregnant Women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 765-777
Author(s):  
Nora AlFaris ◽  
Jozaa ALTamimi ◽  
Nora AlKehayez ◽  
Fatema AlMushawah ◽  
AbdulRhman AlNaeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

scholarly journals Urinary pathogenic bacterial profile, antibiogram of isolates and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Ambo town, Central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonas Alem Gessese ◽  
Dereje Leta Damessa ◽  
Mebratenesh Mengistu Amare ◽  
Yonas Hailesilassie Bahta ◽  
Assalif Demisew Shifera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

scholarly journals Prevalence of preeclampsia and the associated risk factors among pregnant women in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananya Dutta Mou ◽  
Zitu Barman ◽  
Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Rakib Miah ◽  
Jaasia Momtahena Hafsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractPreeclampsia is a multi-organ system disorder of pregnancy and is responsible for a significant rate of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Bangladesh, a large number of obstetric deaths occur every year but the exact reasons are not well investigated. The data regarding preeclampsia and its associated risk factors are scarce or limited in pregnant women in Bangladesh. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of preeclampsia and identify the possible risk factors in a pregnant women cohort in Bangladesh. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 111 participants were enrolled and asked to include their anthropometric, socio-demographic, and other related lifestyle information in a standard questionnaire form. Blood samples were also collected from each participant to analyze serum levels of lipid profile, liver enzymes, uric acid, and creatinine by using standard methods. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with preeclampsia. The overall prevalence of preeclampsia was 14.4%. About 10% of the pregnancies were found to have preeclampsia after 20 weeks of gestation without a previous history of hypertension. On the other hand, the prevalence of preeclampsia that superimposed on chronic hypertension was found to be 5.4%. Serum levels of TC, LDL-C, ALT and uric acid were significantly higher and HDL-C was significantly lower in preeclamptic pregnancies than the non-preeclamptic pregnancies. Respondents who required to take antihypertensive medications (AOR 5.45, 95% CI [1.09, 27.31]) and who never took antenatal care (AOR 6.83, 95% CI [1.00, 46.48]) were more likely to be preeclamptic. In conclusion, the present study showed a comparatively high prevalence of preeclampsia among pregnant women in Bangladesh. Some programmatic interventions such as medication for hypertension, antenatal visits to doctors, delivery and postnatal care services should be considered to reduce and prevent the hypertensive pregnancy disorders in Bangladesh.

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