scholarly journals Novel clinical biomarkers in blood and pleural effusion for diagnosing patients with tuberculosis distinguishing from malignant tumor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Zhe-Xiang Feng ◽  
Tao Ren ◽  
Wei-Yu Meng ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Single Marker

Abstract Background Pleural effusion (PE) is a common manifestation of tuberculosis and malignant tumors, but it is difficult to distinguish tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) and malignant pleural effusion (MPE), especially by non-invasive detection indicators. We aimed to find effective detection indexes in blood and PE for differentiating patients with tuberculosis from a malignant tumor. Methods 815 patients were collected who diagnosed with tuberculosis or cancer at Taihe hospital from 2014 to 2017. 717 patients were found to have PE by thoracoscopy. The clinical characteristics, patients’ blood parameters, and PE indicators information were summarized for analysis. Results The patients with MPE had higher percentages to be bloody and negative of Rivalta test in PE than patients with TPE. Then for clinical indicators, comparing specific parameters in blood, we observed 18 indicators were higher in the TPE group than in the MPE group. On contrast, 12 indicators were higher in the MPE group than in the TPE group (p < 0.01). In addition, in PE tests, we found there were 3 parameters higher in TPE and other 4 parameters higher in MPE patients group (p < 0.01). Then for clinical diagnosing practice, ROC and PCA analysis were applied. Top six relevant indicators with AUC value over 0.70 were screened out: pADA (0.90), pHsCRP (0.79), sMONp (0.75), sHsCRP (0.73), sESR (0.71), and sD-dimer (0.70). Moreover, with the Logistic regression model, a specific combination of 3 biomarkers pADA, sMONp, and sHsCRP could enhance distinguishing tuberculosis from malignant tumor patients with PE (AUC=0.944, 95% CI=0.925-0.964). For the top single marker pADA, we further analyzed its diagnostic function in patients with different group and observed it kept the high specificity and sensitivity. Conclusions The six indicators of pADA, pHsCRP, sMONp, sHsCRP, sESR and sD-dimer showed significant diagnostic value for clinicians. Further, the combination of pADA, sMONp, and sHsCRP has high accuracy for differential diagnosis for the first time. Mostly interestingly, pADA single marker maintained high specificity and sensitivity in patients with different status, which has great value for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of suspected cases.

scholarly journals Assessment of the diagnostic value of CEA, CA125, and CRP and their cut-off point for discrimination of exudative pleural effusions

Bionatura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1944-1947
Author(s):  
Hanie Raji ◽  
Seyed Hamid Borsi ◽  
Mehrdad Dargahi MalAmir ◽  
Ahmad Reza Asadollah Salmanpour
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Pleural effusion is divided into exudative and transudative effusion, and the distinction between exudate and transudate requires multiple investigations of biochemical parameters and their comparison in pleural fluid and serum. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of CEA, CA125, and CRP and their cut-off point for discrimination of exudative pleural effusions. This epidemiological and cross-sectional study was performed on 50 patients aged between 18 to 90 years with the diagnosis of exudative pleural effusion referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz in 2018 and 2019. Demographic and clinical information of patients were collected. The pleural effusion was diagnosed based on physical examination and chest radiography. Pleural effusion was confirmed by thoracentesis. A pleural fluid sample was taken from all patients, and the levels of CEA, CA125, and CRP markers were measured in the pleural fluid. Differentiation of transudate and exudate pleural effusions was performed using Light criteria. The mean CEA and CA125 level of pleural fluid were significantly higher, and the mean CRP level of pleural fluid was significantly lower in patients with malignant diagnoses (P <0.05). Cut-off value with highest sensitivity and specificity in differentiating types of exudative pleural effusions was obtained for CEA tumor marker (greater than 49.8), CA125 tumor marker (greater than 814.02), and CRP marker (less than 7.56). Also, in differentiating types of exudative pleural effusions, CEA tumor marker had sensitivity (89.03%) and specificity (78.42%); CA125 tumor marker had sensitivity (53.18%) and specificity (62.44%), and CRP marker had sensitivity (82.16%), and specificity (89.05%) were. Although the tumor markers had high specificity in the present study, the low sensitivity of some of these tumor markers reduced their diagnostic value. On the other hand, given the numerous advantages of tumor markers, such as low cost and non-invasive, combining them with another can increase the diagnostic value and accuracy.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-183-5p acts as a potential diagnostic biomarker for atherosclerosis and regulates the growth of vascular smooth muscle cell

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Sun ◽  
Zhengkun Shan ◽  
Guoyu Sun ◽  
Xiaolong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Vsmcs Proliferation ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Abstract Background Atherosclerosis (AS) is a multifactorial chronic disease, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in the pathology of AS. MicroRNAs regulate multiple cellular biological processes. This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of miR-183-5p in AS patients, and further explored the effects of miR-183-5p on the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Methods qRT-PCR was used to test the level of miR-183-5p. The diagnostic value of miR-183-5p for AS patients was assessed by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Cell proliferation and migration were determined via CCK-8 and Transwell assay. Results MiR-183-5p was highly expressed in AS patients compared with the healthy group. Serum miR-183-5p expression was positively associated with CIMT and CRP in AS patients. The ROC analysis suggested that miR-183-5p had quality to be used as a biomarker with high specificity and sensitivity for AS detection. Overexpression of miR-183-5p promoted the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Downregulation of miR-183-5p attenuated ox-LDL stimulated VSMCs proliferation and migration. Conclusion MiR-183-5p is highly expressed in AS patients, and downregulation of miR-183-5p attenuated ox-LDL stimulated VSMCs proliferation and migration. MiR-183-5p may be a key molecular for the diagnosis and treatment of AS in the future.

Review of clinical and emerging biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment management of pancreatic cancer: towards personalised medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ernest Osei ◽  
Christabel Oghinan ◽  
Akua Asare ◽  
Hillary Ho ◽  
Solomon Manful
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Patient Response ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Abstract Background: Pancreatic cancer is the 12th most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 3rd leading cause of cancer mortality and accounts for approximately 2·7% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases and 6·4% of all cancer mortalities in Canada. It has a very poor survival rate mainly due to the difficulty of detecting the disease at an early stage. Consequently, in the advancement of disease management towards the concept of precision medicine that takes individual patient variabilities into account, several investigators have focused on the identification of effective clinical biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity, capable of early diagnosis of symptomatic patients and early detection of the disease in asymptomatic individuals at high risk for developing pancreatic cancer. Materials and methods: We searched several databases from August to December 2020 for relevant studies published in English between 2000 and 2020 and reporting on biomarkers for the management of pancreatic cancer. In this narrative review paper, we describe 13 clinical and emerging biomarkers for pancreatic cancers used in screening for early detection and diagnosis, to identify patients’ risk for metastatic disease and subsequent relapse, to monitor patient response to specific treatment and to provide clinicians the possibility of prospectively identifying groups of patients who will benefit from a particular treatment. Conclusions: Current and emerging biomarkers for pancreatic cancer with high specificity and sensitivity has the potential to account for individual patient variabilities, for early detection of disease before the onset of metastasis to improve treatment outcome and patients’ survival, help screen high-risk populations, predict prognosis, provide accurate information of patient response to specific treatment and improve patients monitoring during treatment. Thus, the future holds promise for the use of effective clinical biomarkers or a panel of biomarkers for personalised patient-specific targeted medicine for pancreatic cancer.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-183-5p acts as a potential diagnostic biomarker for atherosclerosis and regulates the growth of vascular smooth muscle cell

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Sun ◽  
Zhengkun Shan ◽  
Guoyu Sun ◽  
Xiaolong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Vsmcs Proliferation ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Abstract Background Atherosclerosis (AS) is a multifactorial chronic disease, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in the pathology of AS. MicroRNAs regulate multiple cellular biological processes. This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of miR-183-5p in AS patients, and further explored the effects of miR-183-5p on the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Methods qRT-PCR was used to test the level of miR-183-5p. The diagnostic value of miR-183-5p for AS patients was assessed by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Cell proliferation and migration were determined via CCK-8 and Transwell assay. Results MiR-183-5p was highly expressed in AS patients compared with the healthy group. Serum miR-183-5p expression was positively associated with CIMT and CRP in AS patients. The ROC analysis suggested that miR-183-5p had quality to be used as a biomarker with high specificity and sensitivity for AS detection. Overexpression of miR-183-5p promoted the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Downregulation of miR-183-5p attenuated ox-LDL stimulated VSMCs proliferation and migration. Conclusion MiR-183-5p is highly expressed in AS patients, and downregulation of miR-183-5p attenuated ox-LDL stimulated VSMCs proliferation and migration. MiR-183-5p may be a key molecular for the diagnosis and treatment of AS in the future.

scholarly journals Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Three microRNAs in Environmental Asbestiform Fibers-Associated Malignant Mesothelioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Veronica Filetti ◽  
Carla Loreto ◽  
Luca Falzone ◽  
Claudia Lombardo ◽  
Emanuele Cannizzaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Mesothelioma ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic And Prognostic Value

Fluoro-edenite (FE) is an asbestiform fiber identified in Biancavilla (Sicily, Italy). Environmental exposure to FE has been associated with a higher incidence of malignant mesothelioma (MM). The present study aimed to validate the predicted diagnostic significance of hsa-miR-323a-3p, hsa-miR-101-3p, and hsa-miR-20b-5p on a subset of MM patients exposed to FE and matched with healthy controls. For this purpose, MM tissues vs. nonmalignant pleura tissues were analyzed through droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to evaluate differences in the expression levels of the selected miRNAs and their MM diagnostic potential. In addition, further computational analysis has been performed to establish the correlation of these miRNAs with the available online asbestos exposure data and clinic-pathological parameters to verify the potential role of these miRNAs as prognostic tools. ddPCR results showed that the three analyzed miRNAs were significantly down-regulated in MM cases vs. controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed high specificity and sensitivity rates for both hsa-miR-323a-3p and hsa-miR-20b-5p, which thus acquire a diagnostic value for MM. In silico results showed a potential prognostic role of hsa-miR-101-3p due to a significant association of its higher expression and increased overall survival (OS) of MM patients.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of CEUS LI-RADS Version 2017 in Differentiating AFP-Negative Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Other Primary Malignancies of the Liver

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2250
Author(s):  
Peihua Wang ◽  
Fang Nie ◽  
Tiantian Dong ◽  
Dan Yang ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Arterial Phase ◽  
Liver Imaging ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Focal Lesions

Purpose: To explore the diagnostic value of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2017 (CEUS LI-RADS v2017) in differentiating alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from other primary malignancies (OM) of the liver. Methods: The data of 99 patients with primary liver malignant tumors confirmed by surgical pathology and AFP-negative from January 2018 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and the lesions were divided into 61 cases in the AFP-negative HCC group and 38 cases in the OM group according to the pathological findings, the CEUS features of the lesions were analyzed and the lesions were classified according to the CEUS LI-RADS v2017. Comparison of CEUS features between the two groups was performed using the χ2 test. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and coincidence rate of CEUS LI-RADS v2017 for the diagnosis of AFP-negative HCC and OM were calculated using pathological findings as the gold standard. Results: The differences in features of arterial phase enhancement and wash-out between the HCC and OM groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The sensitivity of diagnosing HCC by LR-5 was 62.3% and the specificity was 92.1%. The sensitivity of diagnosing OM by LR-M was 92.1% and the specificity was 83.6%. Conclusions: When AFP is negative in patients with intrahepatic focal lesions, LR-5 has high specificity but low sensitivity in the diagnosis of HCC, and LR-M has high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of OM. CEUS LI-RADS is a tool to differentiate AFP-negative HCC and OM effectively.

scholarly journals Exosomal microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenbin Liu ◽  
Han Wu ◽  
Yinqi Mao ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Shuying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Active Mechanism ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
And Function

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients is extremely poor due to the occult onset and high metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity are of great importance in early screening, diagnosis prognosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Exosomes are tiny vesicles secreted by various types of cells, which can serve as mediators of intercellular communication to regulate the tumor microenvironment, and play a key role in the occurrence, development, prognosis, monitor and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. As microRNA deliverer, exosomes are involved in multiple life activities by regulating target genes of recipient cells such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis and apoptosis of cancer cells. In this review, we summarized the composition, active mechanism and function of exosomal microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma, and elaborated on their potential application value of early diagnosis and treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma.

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT findings in pleural effusions of patients with known cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (05) ◽  
pp. 186-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Letovanec ◽  
G. Allenbach ◽  
A. Mihaescu ◽  
M. Nicod Lalonde ◽  
S. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Malignant Effusions ◽  
Roc Area ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

SummaryAim: Pleural effusion is common in cancer patients and to determine its malignant origin is of huge clinical significance. PET/CT with 18F-FDG is of diagnostic value in staging and follow-up, but its ability to differentiate between malignant and benign effusions is not precisely known. Patients, methods: We examined 50 PET/CT from 47 patients (29 men, 18 women, 60 ± 16 years) with pleural effusion and known cancer (24 NSCLC, 7 lymphomas, 5 breasts, 4 GIST, 3 mesotheliomas, 2 head and neck, 2 malignant teratoma, 1 colorectal, 1 oesophageal, 1 melanoma) for FDG uptake in the effusions using SUVmax. This was correlated to cytopathology performed after a median of 21 days (interquartile range –3 to 23), which included pH, relative distribution (macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, plasmocytes), and absolute cell count. Results: Malignant cells were found in 17 effusions (34%) (6 NSCLC, 5 lymphomas, 2 breasts, 2 mesotheliomas, 2 malignant teratomas). SUV in malignant effusions were higher than in benign ones [3.7 (95%CI 1.8–5.6) vs. 1.7 g/ml (1.5–1.9), p = 0.001], with a correlation between malignant effuUntersion and SUV (Spearman coefficient ρ = 0.50, p = 0.001), but not with other cytopathological or radiological parameters (ROC area 0.83 ± 0.06). Using a 2.2-mg/l SUV threshold, 12 PET/CT studies were positive and 38 negative with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 53%, 91%, 75% and 79%, respectively. For NSCLC only (n = 24), ROC area was 0.95 ± 0.04, 7 studies were positive and 17 negative with a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 83%, 89%, 71 and 94%, respectively. Conclusion: PET/CT may help to differentiate the malignant or benign origin of a pleural effusion with a high specificity in patients with known cancer, in particular NSCLC.

scholarly journals Preliminary Evaluation of the Diagnostic Usefulness of Uroplakin 2 with an Assessment of the Antioxidant Potential of Patients with Bladder Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Matuszewski ◽  
B. Szymańska ◽  
A. Długosz ◽  
B. Małkiewicz ◽  
J. Dembowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
And Function

Background. Urothelial carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer (BC). It makes up more than 90% of all bladder cancers. Uroplakins are tissue-specific, glycoproteins, playing a role in the construction and function of urothelium. The emergence of uroplakins in the urine and/or plasma may be of potential importance in the early detection of BC. In our study, the diagnostic value of plasma and urine uroplakin 2 (UP2) concentration in bladder cancer was investigated, with an assessment of the antioxidant potential of BC patients. The correlation between UP2, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and concentration of glutathione (GSH) was also examined. Materials and Methods. This study included 61 BC patients and 33 healthy controls. UP2 concentration was estimated by the immunoenzymatic method (ELISA). TAC and GSH were determined in spectrophotometrically methods. Results. UP2 concentration in BC patients was significantly higher (p≤0.001) both in plasma and in urine compared to the control groups (C). TAC concentration in urine (p≤0.001) and GSH concentration in plasma (p=0.047) were significantly lower in BC group compared to the C group. The high specificity and sensitivity for UPK2 in plasma (76%, 80%, respectively) and urine (88%, 84%, respectively) were observed. Positive correlations were observed between concentration of UP2 in plasma and TAC concentration in urine and between UP2 concentration in plasma and GSH concentration in the same material. Conclusion. The study showed the early diagnostic value of urine and plasma UP2 in BC. There was a decrease in UP2 concentration in the urine of patients with the development of BC. The decrease of antioxidant systems (TAC, GSH) indicates their relationship with the BC process. Based on the obtained results, it is justified to continue the study in a larger group of patients with BC.

scholarly journals The investigation of galectin-3 in diseases of the thyroid gland

2003 ◽  
pp. 449-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Kovacs ◽  
J Foldes ◽  
G Winkler ◽  
M Bodo ◽  
Z Sapi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Immunohistochemical Reaction ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Follicular Lesions

OBJECTIVE: Malignant tumors of the thyroid gland exhibit a variety of histopathologies and clinical behavior. Immune markers are gaining more and more importance in diagnostic pathology, especially in the differential diagnostics and in the grading of thyroid gland tumors. DESIGN: The Authors investigated the immunohistochemical reaction of galectin-3 (gal3) in patients with various thyroid gland diseases. They tested the diagnostic value of gal3 in determining the benign or malignant nature of various lesions, especially in lesions of follicular origin, because previous results have indicated nearly 100% specificity and sensitivity in this regard. METHODS: Gal3 immunoperoxidase reaction was carried out on 91 sections of thyroid gland samples fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. RESULTS: While gal3 expressed itself strongly and diffusely in papillary carcinomas (19 of 20 cases), in other malignant lesions it showed weaker, focal or variable positivity. Focal positivity was found in four of 19 follicular adenomas, and negativity was found in three of 10 follicular carcinomas. In all cases of inflammation a focal positivity was observed (eight of eight cases). All nodular goiter and normal thyroid tIssue were negative (25 of 25 cases). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, the gal3 immunohistochemical reaction seems to be reliable in the diagnosis of papillary carcinomas. However, in the case of solitary thyroid nodules and follicular lesions, although it is still a useful supplementary marker, it is not of absolute value (as stated in previous studies) in determining whether a tumor is benign or malignant.

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