scholarly journals Melatonin differences between day and night milk in primiparous holstein friesian and jersey dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saim Boztepe ◽  
İsmail KESKIN ◽  
Ahmet SEMACAN ◽  
Fikret AKYUREK ◽  
İbrahim AYTEKIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
New Production ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Jersey Cows

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the levels of melatonin in the day and night milk of Holstein and Jersey cows. In the study, samples of daytime milk produced from 27 head of Holstein and 27 head of Jersey cows in the first lactation, which were raised in a private dairy cattle enterprise in the Kaşınhanı neighborhood of Meram district of Konya city Turkey, and night milk samples taken from the same cows that were blackened for one (1) week were used. Melatonin levels in milk samples taken from day and night milk were determined separately for Holstein and Jersey cows with the help of Bovine Melatonin (MLT) Elisa Kit. In the study, it was determined that the ratio of melatonin in day and night milk in Holstein cows was 2.912 pg/ml and 11.314 pg/ml, respectively, and the ratio of melatonin in Jersey cows was 2.924 pg/ml and 6.954 pg/ml in the same order. The difference between the melatonin levels of the day and night milk of Holstein and Jersey cows was found to be statistically significant (p<0.01). At the end of the study, it can be stated that night milk can be used for medical purposes and a new production source may arise for producers since there is a significant difference in melatonin between day and night milk.

scholarly journals The effect of breed and stage of lactation on the microbiological status of raw milk

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Flóra Mária Petróczki ◽  
Tema Andualem Tonamo ◽  
Béla Béri ◽  
Ferenc Peles
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Jersey Cows ◽  
Friesian Cows

The microbiological quality of the milk is important not only for food safety, but it can also influence the quality of dairy products. The microbiological status of raw cow milk can be influenced by many factors. Our aim was to determine whether there was a difference between the microbiological quality of milk of two different cow breeds (Holstein Friesian and Jersey) kept and milked in the same conditions, and how the microbiological quality of the raw cow milk changed during lactation (beginning, mid, and end). Samples were taken and analysed in July, August and September in 2018 from two dairy farms in Hajdú-Bihar county. During the conducted studies, the total plate count (TPC), the coliform count, the Staphylococcus aureus count and the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) count of raw milk samples were determined. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the milk of the Holstein Friesian and Jersey breeds in the case of TPC. However, the mean coliform count of milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the mean coliform count of milk samples taken from Jersey cows. S. aureus was detected in one of the twelve milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows, and in two of the eleven milk samples taken from Jersey cows. CNS was found in larger amount in milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Both TPC and CNS count were significantly higher (P<0.05) in individual milk samples taken at the end stage of lactation, than in samples taken in the earlier stages of lactation from Farm “A”. However, in the case of Farm “B”, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in colony counts at different stages of lactation. S. aureus was only present in milk samples that collected from cows, which were at the beginning and middle stages of lactation. Testimg the hemolysin production ability of S. aureus strains isolated from the raw milk samples, only weak hemolysis was observed on blood agar. In case of antibiotic resistance testing, it was found that all strains were susceptible to cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. Based on the results of our studies, staphylococci were detected in a higher amount in the milk of Holstein Friesian cows, and coliform bacteria were detected in a higher number in the milk of Jersey cows. Summing up the results of the milk samples taken from the different stages of lactation in one of the farms, it can be concluded that higher TPC and CNS count could be detected at the end stage of lactation than in the samples taken from the earlier stages of lactation. The fact that at the end of lactation the microorganisms could be detected in a higher colony count may be related to the fact that teats could be damaged during lactation by the milking machine, which increased the chance of imvading the microorganisms into the udder.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Estrous Synchronization Methods on the Composition of Simmental Cow’s Milk

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Seker ◽  
Ali Risvanli ◽  
Mehmet Calicioglu ◽  
Gokhan Kursad Incili ◽  
Nevzat Saat
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Estrous Synchronization ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Background: Estrous synchronization is one of the primary applications performed to improve the fertility and to consolidate the parturition times in dairy cattle farms. Since the primary objective is to increase fertility regardless of the method of synchronization used, the effect of this process on the udder health and the quality of milk is generally ignored. Therefore, in the present study, the aim was to investigate the effect of different estrous synchronization methods t on the milk quality in a dairy cattle farm.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, a total of 100 Simmental cows the same farm under good management practices were used. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups of 25 cows each. The animals in the 1st group were used as a control group without any treatment. Progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) was inserted to the animals in the 2nd group, double dose of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2-alpha) with 11 days apart was applied to the animals in the 3rd group, and the Ovsynch protocol was applied to the animals in the 4th group. Starting from the first day of the applications, milk samples from each milk tank belonging to the groups were taken, kept frozen for 3 months and analyzed for the levels of fat, nonfat solids, density, protein, lactose and minerals over the course of one month. According to the results, the minimum milk fat content was found in the PRID group as 2.47 ± 0.354%, and the highest value was in the PGF2-alpha group as 3.58 ± 0.207%. The difference in milk fat ratio between the groups was found to be significant (P < .05). However, the differences between the groups for other parameters were not significant (P > .05).Discussion: Among the reasons for the low values of the milk fat rates obtained in the present study than the mean values of all lactation milk fat rates of the Simmental breed, the effect of the lactation period in which the milk samples were collected comes to mind. Because, as we know, the first 45-60 day period following the start of lactation after parturition in cattle is accepted as the period in which daily milk yield reaches to the maximum level of the lactation period. This period lasts for a certain period of time, and then starts to decrease gradually. Among the non-hereditary factors, the most important factor causing changes in the composition of the milk and its amount is the lactation period. In this study, the significant difference in the milk fat rates between the control and the application groups is quite remarkable compared to the low level of milk fat rates in the milk in all groups. According to the multiple comparison test results to determine which groups these differences arise from, the difference was found to be particularly between the PGF2-alpha group and PRID group. In this study, no significant effects of different synchronization methods on all components of the milk except the milk fat and the density values were determined. But results indicate that Ovsynch group was the synchronization group that caused the minimum change in milk fat compared to the other groups.

Milk protein polymorphism in Danish dairy cattle and the influence of genetic variants on milk yield

1990 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Bech ◽  
K. Rotvig Kristiansen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Jersey Cows ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin ◽  
Danish Dairy

SummaryIn milk samples from 549 cows of the breeds Danish Jersey, Red Danish Dairy Cattle (RDM), and Black and White Danish Dairy Cattle (SDM) the genetic polymorphisms of the αs1, β and K-cascin and β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) loci were determined by isoelectric focusing in agarose gels. The results of the screening were comparcd with results obtained by Larsen & Thymann (1966). In addition, the genetic linkage of the three casein loci was studied, and the association between milk protein genotypes and yields in first and second lactations of milk, fat and protein were investigated.The distribution of genotypes of all four milk protein Systems was different from breed to breed.For Jersey cows, significant differences in the gene frequencies from the results of the 1966 investigation were found for αs1 and K-casein and β-Lg. For SDM cows a change in the K-casein frequency had occurred whereas for RDM cows no changes were found.Linkage between some of the casein loci was found within ail three breeds. For the RDM breed the possible linkage between αs1-casein and the other caseins could not be tested bccause nearly ail thc cows were homozygous for the αs1-cascin-B genotypes.β-Casein genotypes were associated with yield parameters in ail breeds. The A2A2 genotype of this protein gave higher yields of milk, fat, and protein in the second lactation than thc A1A1 genotype.

39 Concentration of obestatin in different stages of ovarian activity in cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
J. F. Torres-Simental ◽  
S. Romo-Garcia ◽  
A. L. Munguia-Ramirez ◽  
P. Luna-Nevarez
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Linear Transducer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of the present study was to measure serum levels of obestatin by ELISA with the purpose of establishing parameters and being able to use it as an endocrine marker for the selection of reproductive characteristics of milk and beef cattle. In test 1, 15 Creole cows with genetic tendencies of Charolais, Angus, Brangus, and Gelbvieh were sampled in diestrus and 15 in proestrus, determining their structures with an Aloka Prosound ultrasound with a 7.5-MHz linear transducer. In test 2, 16 Holstein cows were sampled in 2 different ovarian stages, diestrus and proestrus. The standardized technique was a bovine obestatin 96-well ELISA kit from My Biosource Inc. The data were analysed by measuring central tendency and linear regression, where the average levels of obestatin were related to the corpus luteum size and size and number of follicles in milk and beef cattle. We found average levels of 556.99 and 453.35 pg for beef and dairy cattle, respectively (P&lt;0.05). We also found a significant difference (P&lt;0.05) in obestatin concentrations depending on the size of the follicles (751.74, 615.33, and 357.39 pg for follicles of 15, 10, and 5mm, respectively). We found a significant difference in concentration of obestatin (644.53, 550.69, and 455.88 pg; P&lt;0.05) for corpus luteum sizes of &gt;20mm, 10–20mm, and &lt;10mm, respectively. In dairy cattle, obestatin levels were also evaluated at different stages of the cycle, and we found concentrations of 414.79 pg in diestrus and 530.48 pg in proestrus (P&lt;0.05). We conclude that obestatin concentration is positively associated with a greater number and size of follicles as well as with larger corpus luteum because its effect on cell proliferation interacting positively with high levels of progesterone in the blood. We found higher concentrations in beef cattle than in dairy cattle.

scholarly journals A study of the incidence of milk fever in Jersey and Holstein cows at a dairy farm in Beatrice, Zimbabwe

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Chiwome ◽  
Erick Kandiwa ◽  
Borden Mushonga ◽  
Shepherd Sajeni ◽  
Gervais Habarugira
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Jersey Cows

A 3-year prospective study investigated the incidence of milk fever in Jersey and Holstein cows at a commercial dairy farm in Beatrice, Zimbabwe. The overall incidence of milk fever at the farm was 7.98%. Incidence of milk fever in Jerseys (14.78%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in Holsteins (4.82%). Incidence of milk fever in Jerseys beyond their fourth parity (24.85%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in Jerseys in their second (5.90%), third (6.49%) and fourth (8.73%) parities. Incidence of milk fever in Holsteins beyond their fourth parity (8.29%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in Holsteins in their second (1.43%), third (1.82%) and fourth (2.91%) parities. No significant difference existed in milk fever incidences between the second, third and fourth parities in either Jersey or Holstein cows. Incidence of milk fever in Jersey cows producing over 6114 litres per 305-day lactation (27.07%) was significantly higher than that in Jerseys producing less than 6114 litres of milk per 305-day lactation (p < 0.05). Incidence of milk fever in Holsteins producing more than 9149 litres per 305-day lactation (10.49%) was significantly higher than that in Holsteins producing less than 9149 litres of milk per 305-day lactation (p < 0.05). No significant difference existed between incidences of milk fever between the first, second and third quartile producers (p > 0.05) in either Jersey or Holstein cows. This study confirms that the risk of developing milk fever is higher in Jerseys and also increases with increasing parity and higher levels of milk production in both breeds, thus advocating for special considerations when dairy cows fit these criteria.

scholarly journals Comparison of hematological and biochemical profile between Podolian grey steppe and Holstein cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 2445
Author(s):  
V. MLADENOVIC ◽  
M. MARIC ◽  
T. KÖNYVES ◽  
M. STOJSIN ◽  
S. ĐORDEVIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Friesian Cows

This research aimed to investigate the influence of different age of Podolian grey steppe and Holstein Friesian cows, as well as the effects of different breeds on their hematological and biochemical blood profile. A total of 128 adult cows aged from 3 to 12 years were used in the study. Gained results show statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) regarding all hematological parameters. The concentration of NE was recorded in the optimal range for Podolian grey steppe cows, while for Holstein Friesian breed was elevated.Values for LY was in the optimal range, while the values for MO, EO, and BA were slightly higher for both breeds of cow in all groups, with recorded significant differences (P < 0.05).Count of RBC in the Podolian grey steppe breed ranged between 5.83 and 11.21×1012/L, with significant influence (P < 0.05) of cows age in obtained values. In contrast, Holstein Friesian cows breed recorded RBC values lover then optimal, without any significant difference (P > 0.05) related to the age of cows. Total protein has ranged between 7.10 and 8.50 g/dl (Podolian grey steppe), and 8.13 to 8.48 g/dl (Holstein Friesian), without recorded statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between the age, breed as well as the interaction of age and breed. Asimilar tendency can be seen regarding the otherbiochemical values (P>0.05), respectively.Gain results have mainly shown a significant influence of breed on the parameters above, while the significant influence of age of cows was not present as well the interaction between age and breed.

THE USE OF RAPID ON-FARM MILK PROGESTERONE TESTS AS AN AID TO REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT IN DAIRY CATTLE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1003
Author(s):  
R. RAJAMAHENDRAN ◽  
B. J. KEELING ◽  
J. ROBINSON ◽  
V. RAVINDRAN
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
On Farm

A field study was conducted in 11 commercial dairy herds to test the accuracy and ease of use of a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for on-farm milk progesterone analysis. Milk samples were collected at milking following detection of estrus and on day 21 postbreeding. Progesterone was measured on-farm by producers using an ELISA kit and by a technician in the laboratory using a radioimmunoassay (RIA). Of the 256 samples collected at suspected estrus, estrual concentrations of progesterone (≤ 2 ng mL−1) were detected in 246 samples by the farmer and in 253 samples by laboratory analysis. Nonestrual concentrations (> 2 ng mL−1) were detected in 10 samples by the farmer and in three samples by RIA. At 21 d, there was 94% agreement between the two methods in detecting high (> 2 ng mL−1) milk progesterone concentrations (n = 149). The corresponding figure for low (≤ 2 ng mL−1) milk progesterone was 88% (n = 73). Seventy-two percent of the cows with high milk progesterone (by RIA) at 21 d were subsequently diagnosed pregnant by rectal palpation. The overall agreement between ELISA and RIA was 96.6% (453/469 samples). No significant differences were observed among farmers in their ability to perform ELISA tests on-farm. The results indicate that the ELISA kits can be used with ease by producers and are comparable in accuracy to RIA performed in the laboratory for detection/confirmation of estrus and diagnosis on nonpregnant/possibly pregnant cows at 21 d postbreeding. Key words: On-farm tests, progesterone, reproductive management, dairy cattle

scholarly journals Electrocardiogram assessment using the Einthoven and base-apex lead systems in healthy Holstein cows and neonates

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario A. Cedeno ◽  
Maria L.G. Lourenço ◽  
Carmen A.B. Daza ◽  
Plinio Pagnani Filho ◽  
Simone B. Chiacchio
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Axis Orientation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
The Difference

Abstract: The objective aimed to describe the electrocardiographic behavior of parameters in Holstein pregnant cows and neonates during the perinatal period. The electrocardiograms were performed using a computerized electrocardiogram. The animals selected for the study were 23 cows and 18 neonates. Maternal electrocardiographic examinations were conducted in the 35, 28, 21, 14, 7 days and one-day pre -partum and the neonates were evaluated in six moments; at the time of birth, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after delivery. The evaluations were done in pre and post-delivery cows and into the group of neonates between female and male. For each electrocardiographic recording P-wave duration and amplitude, PR interval and the QRS complex duration, R, S-wave amplitude and polarity, QT and RR interval duration were examined. Changes in heart rate, ST segment and T wave polarity were recorded in leads of Einthoven and base-apex planes. The mean electrical axis of the QRS complex was calculated. In cows the results when comparing the two leads system, there are significant changes in the amplitude of the waves P, R, S, and T and the duration of the intervals PR, ST and QRS complex. The difference between primiparous and multiparous dairy cows was in the amplitude of the Twave. It was concluded that the base-apex system is a suitable lead for monitoring heart rhythm in Holstein cows and Einthoven in neonates. During the first month of life, no differences in P, Q, S and T waves, in PR, QRS, and ST intervals and in axis orientation was observed in neonates. There was a significant difference in duration of the QT interval. Among sexes, the difference was in the Q amplitude. This study incorporated the calves and Holstein cows in a single study in search of baseline information regarding the duration and morphology of the ECG parameters. In conclusion, it was proved that, with increasing age, there are changes in ECG components associated with variations in the distance between the recording electrode and the heart. The study contributes by providing Holstein reference values for clinical evaluations.

scholarly journals Post artificial insemination conception rate of a Brahman bull in selected areas of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. S. Bhuiyan ◽  
M. T. Islam ◽  
N. S. Juyena ◽  
M. M. U. Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Animal Farm

Background: To mitigate the increasing protein demand in Bangladesh, recently the government has started a program to inspire the farmers for rearing Brahman as a beef breed. But, it is necessary to assess the performance of frozen semen of Brahman bull and the other factors that affect the rate of conception after Artificial Insemination (AI) before widespread rearing in Bangladesh. Methods: Data on AI performance, different factors and rate of conception were collected from 150 inseminated cows and heifers of Sadar upazila, Mymensingh. The cows were inseminated by trained technician of Research Animal Farm of Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, BAU, Mymensingh. Results: The overall conception rate was 55.3%. The conception rate in Holstein Friesian cross (68.9%) and Sahiwal cross (66.7%) cows were relatively higher than that of Local (46%) cows. Upon increasing age the service required for conception was irregular. The conception rate with respect to different parities ranged from 47.0% to 58.7%. Cows received insemination at parity 1-2 showed highest conception rate (60.0%) and cows received insemination at parity 3-7 showed lowest conception rate (47.0%). There was no significant difference between them on conception rate. The conception rate was observed higher (69.2%) in the cows which were inseminated in spring than cows were inseminated in summer (57.3%), winter (53.3%) and rainy (38.5%). The pregnancy rate in cows having BCS 2.5-3 was higher (60.7%) than that of 2.0 and 3.5-4.0. However, the difference in conception rate did not vary significantly among different BCS of cows (p>0.05). The present study indicated that the pregnancy rate in cows was higher (76.9%) that yield 6-10 L of milk than those of 0, 1-2 and 3-5 L counterpart. However, the variation in conception rate with different milk yield was significant (p<0.05). The pregnancy rate in cows that inseminated between 19-24 hours was higher (66.0%) than that of ≤12 and 13-18 hours. The variation in conception rate with different interval between estrus to AI was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Further studies using more population of cows and semen donors are needed to confirm this result as low number of cows and only one semen donor were used in this study.

Genotype by environment interaction for milk, fat and protein yield in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle in Ireland

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 52-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R Cromie ◽  
D.L Kelleher ◽  
F.J Gordon ◽  
M. Rath
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

The existence of genotype by environment interaction (G*E) can cause a change in the ranking of bulls tested in one environment when their daughters are subsequently milked in another environment. If the degree of re-ranking is large, the genetic correlation between milk production in the two environments will be substantially less than 1.0, with the implication that proofs made in one environment may not be reliable predictors of proofs in the second environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing the difference between environments, defined on the basis of herd average milk yield, on the genetic correlation (rg) for milk, fat and protein yield in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle in Ireland.

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