Impact of Investigator Initiated Trials and Industry Sponsored Trials on Medical Practice (Impact): Results of a Cohort Study
Abstract BackgroundDecisions in healthcare are ideally made on basis of the results of clinical trials, published in study registries, as primary journal articles or summarized in secondary research articles. It is still unclear, whether and to what extent public and commercial expenses invested in clinical trials pays out in a way that their findings have an impact on publication output and medical practice.MethodsThe aim of this project was to examine the lifecycle of clinical trials from their registration to their publication and citation in secondary research articles by determining the proportion of trials that were published and were included in systematic review and clinical guidelines. We set-up a cohort of randomized controlled trials (n=691). We created and compared four sub-cohorts of investigator initiated trials (IITs) and industry sponsor trials (ISTs) with and without German contribution. For each trial, we searched for corresponding publications and citing systematic reviews and clinical guidelines.Additionally, we investigated what study characteristics are associated with publication and impact by using multivariable logistic regressions. ResultsOf the 691 trials, 576 (83%) were published as method article or result article in a medical journal and/or the trial results were made available in study registries; results were available for 555 (80%) of the trials. More than half (52%) of the trials were cited by a systematic review and about a quarter (26%) reached impact in a clinical guideline. Drug trials and larger trials are associated with a higher probability to be published and to have an impact than non-drug trials and smaller trials. Results of IITs were more often published as journal article, results of ISTs more often in study registries. International ISTs gain less often impact by inclusion in systematic reviews or guidelines than publicly sponsored trials.ConclusionA considerable proportion of clinical trials investigated was published and had an impact on clinical practice, whereas the proportions depend on specific study characteristic. Study registries are an important alternative or complement to journal articles for publishing study results. There is still a need to improve the transfer of knowledge generated in clinical research into practice.