scholarly journals Effect of Nutrition Education Intervention on Anaemia Among Children aged 6 to 59 Months in Pastoralist and Agro-Pastoralist Community of Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia: Community Based Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Abdi Guled ◽  
Nik Mazlan Mamat ◽  
WanAzdie Mohd Abubakar ◽  
Tefera Belachew ◽  
Nega Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Somali Region ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Anaemia is one of the major public health problems. It affects over 1.6 billion individuals of all age groups globally. About 273.2 million children below five years of age were affected by anaemia, of which around two-thirds (62.3%) occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. The overall global anaemia prevalence rate reported was 24.8%, of which almost half (47.4%) of it occurs in preschool children. Ethiopia is one of the seriously affected countries. The Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), 2016 report showed, 56% and 82.6% of preschool children in Ethiopia and the Somali region, respectively, were affected by some degree of anaemia. Hence, this study aims to assess the effect of nutrition education intervention (NEI) on anaemia prevalence in preschool children in the Pastoralist and Agro-pastoralist communities of the Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A community based case control study was conducted among 404 paired children 6 – 59 months to mothers/caregivers in two phases. Adadle district was used as an NEI group and Gode district as a control group. A face-to-face interview for mothers/caregivers using a semi-structured questionnaire and haemoglobin measurement of the children was done. The same procedure was repeated after eight months of NEI. The blood haemoglobin (Hb) level of the children was measured using Hemocue 301. SPSS version 20 was used, a chi-square test for categorical and t-test (independent and repeated paired) for continuous variables were performed. Results: the overall anaemia prevalence was decreased from 72% at baseline and 51% at post-intervention. The majority of this change had occurred in the intervention group (79.3 - 44.8%). The mean Hb level score difference of the difference (DOD) was significantly improved (-1.163, p<0.001) after NEI. While, the intervention group showed a significantly higher increment of Hb level (9.4g/dl – 10.6g/dl, p<0.001). Conclusion: The NEI has been shown effective and significant improvement in the mean haemoglobin level and decreased the anaemia prevalence in the intervention group. Therefore, behaviour change communication, using religious leaders and other potential people. Advocating the use of locally available, accessible, and affordable nutritious foods, with proper infant and young child feeding and basic health services, are highly effective to tackle the children’s anaemia status.

scholarly journals Community Based Case Control Study on Effect of Nutrition Education Intervention on Predictors and Prevalence of Anaemia among Children aged 6 to 59 months in Pastoralist and Agro-Pastoralist community of Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Guled ◽  
Nik Mamat ◽  
Wan Azdie Abu Bakar ◽  
Tefera Belachew ◽  
Nega Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Somali Region ◽  
Pastoralist Community ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Anaemia is one of the major public health problems. It affects over 1.6 billion individuals of all age groups globally. Ethiopia is one of the seriously affected countries. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess the effect of nutrition education intervention (NEI) on anaemia prevalence and its predictors of preschool children in Pastoralist and Agro-pastoralist community of Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia.Methods A group randomized controlled trial was conducted among 404 paired children 6–59 months to mothers/caregivers in two phases. A face-to-face interview for mothers/caregivers using a semi structured questionnaire and haemoglobin measurement of the children was done. The some procedure were repeated after eight months of NEI. Blood haemoglobin (Hb) level of the children were measured using Hemocue 301. SPSS version 20 was used, a chi-square test for categorical and t-test (independent and repeated paired) for continuous variables were performed.Results the overall anaemia prevalence was decreased from 72% at baseline and 51% at post intervention. The majority of this change had occurred in intervention group (79.3–44.8%). The mean Hb level score difference of the difference (DOD) were significantly improved (-1.163, p < 0.001) after NEI. While, intervention group showed significantly higher increment of Hb level (9.4 g/dl – 10.6 g/dl, p < 0.001).Conclusion The NEI has been observed effective and significantly improved the mean haemoglobin level and the anaemia prevalence in intervention group. Therefore, behaviour change communication, using religious leaders and other potential peoples advocating the use of locally available, accessible and affordable nutritious foods with proper infant and young child feeding and basic health services are highly effective to tackle the children’s anaemia status.

scholarly journals Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Risk of Developing COVID-19: a Community-based Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Küçükali ◽  
Osman Hayran ◽  
Şeyda İleri ◽  
Berkay Kurt ◽  
Fatmanur Kuru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Abstract BackgroundMost of the studies regarding the relationship between socioeconomic status and occurrence of COVID-19 are usually ecological studies and have limitations due to ecological fallacy. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and individual-level risk of developing COVID-19.MethodsWe conducted a community-based, age and gender matched, case-control study in a district of Istanbul. The case group was defined as all confirmed COVID-19 cases (n=232) that were reported to the district health directorate in a week of August 2020. Control group was defined as people who were matched with cases in terms of age and gender and selected randomly from the directory of the same primary care provider in the district in 1:1 ratio. Participants were communicated via telephone. The socioeconomic status score was measured by Turkish Socioeconomic Status Index which considers three dimensions of it: education, occupation, and income.Results168 cases (72.4% response) and 168 controls are included in the study. 48.8% of participants are female and the mean age is 37.66±15.32 for each group. The mean socioeconomic status score is 70.28±7.09 for cases and 69.25±7.46 for controls (p=0.201). 15.2% (n=25) of cases and 22.4% (n=37) of controls is in lower socioeconomic status group (p=0.091). Neither bivariate nor logistic regression analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between study groups.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that socioeconomic status is not a significant predictor of COVID-19 occurrence at individual-level. The disease seems to be a common threat to all individuals of the global community.

scholarly journals Determinants of Enrolment for Community Based Health Insurance Scheme among Agro-pastoralist communities of Aw-barre District in Somali region of Ethiopia: Unmatched  case control study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdifatah Elmi ◽  
Olusola Oladeji ◽  
Ann Robins ◽  
Ahmed Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Health Insurance Scheme ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Somali Region ◽  
Community Based Health Insurance ◽  
Control Study

Abstract BackgroundEthiopia launched community-based health insurance scheme in 2011 as part of the revised health care financing strategy to ensure universal health coverage and implementation has started in most part of the country since the launching of the scheme. However, the roll out of the scheme started in Somali Region in 2020—much later the rest of the country. The aim of this study was to assess determinants of enrollment of community-based health insurance among households in Awbarre Woreda, Somali Region, EthiopiaMethodsCommunity based unmatched case control study using a mixed approach of quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted between March and April 2021 and the study participants were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. The quantitative method used interviewer administered structured questionnaire among 216 participants (54 enrolled and 162 non-enrolled), while the qualitative method used key informant interview and focus group discussions in two rural and two urban kebeles of the woreda. The quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the determinants of enrollment for the community-based health insurance and statistical significance was set at p value of <5%. Result Awareness about CBHI scheme AOR = 9.41(1.16,76.19), households income AOR = 2.73(0.77, 9.57); and being a member of community-based solidarity groups AOR = 2.88(1.17, 7.12) were the determinants for CBHI enrollment and reaffirmed by the qualitative findings. ConclusionsThe enrollment for community-based insurance was determined by being well informed about the scheme, household income, and being a member of solidarity groups at community level. Given the early stage of implementation, enhancing sensitization of the community about the scheme using various community platforms, promotion of the existing community based solidarity groups/associations, diligent targeting of the poor households/indigents and ensuring linkage with any existing social protection program would help to increase enrolment for the scheme.

Association of Serum Homocysteine Level and Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: A Case-control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Nazarinia ◽  
Asghar Zare ◽  
Mohammad javad Fallahi ◽  
Mesbah Shams
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lung Involvement ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Background:Systemic sclerosis is a disorder of connective tissue with unknown cause, affecting the skin and internal organs, characterized by fibrotic changes.Objective:To determine the correlation between serum homocysteine level and interstitial lung involvement in systemic sclerosis. </P><P> Materials and Methods: In this case – control study, 59 patients who fulfilled the ACR/EULAR classification criteria for systemic sclerosis and were referred to Hafez Hospital of Shiraz, Iran, were included as the case group. Fifty nine healthy subjects were involved as the control group. Patients were divided into two groups based on interstitial lung involvement and two subtypes, diffuse and limited type. Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels compared between the controls, and cases groups.Results:Of 59 case and control group, 53 (%89.8) were female and the mean age did not differ in both groups (P=0.929). Thirty five (%59.3) patients had interstitial lung involvement and 38(%64.4) had diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. The mean serum homocysteine level was 13.9±6.3 µmol/L in the case and 13.7±9.2 µmol/L in the control group (P=0.86). The mean serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients with and without interstitial lung involvement (P=0.52). The patients with lung involvement was older than those without lung involvement (P=0.004). Lung disease was more common in diffuse type (P=0.014).Conclusion:In our study, serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients and healthy subjects. Also, there was no correlation between serum homocysteine level and lung involvement, but lung involvement was more common in older patients and also diffuse subtype.

Association between occlusal characteristics and the occurrence of dental trauma in preschool children: a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ednele Fabyene Primo-Miranda ◽  
Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge ◽  
Márcio Alexandre Homem ◽  
Débora Souto de Souza ◽  
Amanda Dias Stetler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Determinants of short birth interval among women in South Gondar, Ethiopia: community-based unmatched case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gedefaye Nibret Mihretie ◽  
Fentahun Yenealem Beyene ◽  
Bekalu Getnet Kassa ◽  
Alemu Degu Ayele ◽  
Tewachew Muche Liyeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Short Birth Interval ◽  
South Gondar ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The effect of short birth interval on socio-economic, negative maternal and child health outcomes remains common in developing countries. This study aimed to assess determinants of short birth interval among reproductive age women, who gave birth in health institution for last six-month in South Gondar, Ethiopia 2019. Methods Community-based unmatched case control study design was conducted from February 1 to March 30, 2019. Sample size of 150 was included by simple random sampling technique. The data was collected by semi-structured and pre-tested face to face interviewer-administered questionnaire from selected respondent. The collected data was entered with Epi-Data version 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 23 software. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to examine the association. Odds ratio, 95% CI and P-value < 0.05 were used to determine the statistical association. Result The mean age of the respondents was 32.42 (SD ± 5.14) and 35.12 (SD ± 5.86) for cases and controls, respectively. Mothers not used contraceptives (AOR = 6.29, 95% CI (1.95, 20.24)), participants who had ≤2 alive children (AOR = 5.57, 95% CI (1.47, 21.13)), mothers who breast fed less than 24 months (AOR = 3.42, 95% CI (1.38, 8.46)), husband decision on contraceptives utilization (AOR = 2.69,95% CI (1.05,6.88)) and mothers who did not have history of antenatal care follow up (AOR = 3.52, 95% CI (1.27, 9.75)) were associated with short birth interval. Conclusion The optimum birth spacing plays a vital role in decreasing fertility and the morbidity and mortality of mothers and children. Thus, providing health information on the benefit of breast feeding, follow-up of antenatal care during pregnancy, use of contraceptives after delivery and encouraging mothers to make decisions about their own health and use of contraceptives to optimize birth spacing for rural communities.

scholarly journals Early childhood traffic-related air pollution and risk of allergic rhinitis at 2–4 years of age modification by family stress and male gender: a case-control study in Shenyang, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Hao ◽  
Fang Yuan ◽  
Pai Pang ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Xuejun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Family Stress ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Few studies have explored the modifications by family stress and male gender in the relationship between early exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and allergic rhinitis (AR) risk in preschool children. Methods We conducted a case-control study of 388 children aged 2–4 years in Shenyang, China. These children AR were diagnosed by clinicians. By using measured concentrations from monitoring stations, we estimated the exposures of particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in preschool children aged 2–4 years. After adjusted potential confounding factors, we used logistic regression model to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for childhood AR with exposure to different air pollutants according to the increasing of the interquartile range (IQR) in the exposure level. Results The prevalence of AR in children aged 2–4 years (6.4%) was related to early TRAP exposure. With an IQR (20 μg/m3) increase in PM10 levels, an adjusted OR was significantly elevated by 1.70 (95% CI, 1.19 to 2.66). Also, with an IQR (18 μg/m3) increase in NO2, an elevated adjusted OR was 1.85 (95% CI, 1.52 to 3.18). Among children with family stress and boys, PM10 and NO2 were positively related to AR symptoms. No significant association was found among children without family stress and girls. Conclusions Family stress and male gender may increase the risk of AR in preschool children with early exposure to PM10 and NO2.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document