scholarly journals Thermal And Kinetic Study of Electrochemical Deposition of Lead On FTO Substrate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridha Hamdi ◽  
Amani Rached ◽  
Amor Saidi BEN Ali
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fixed Concentration ◽  
Constant Potential ◽  
Nitrate Bath ◽  
Potential Conditions

Abstract We report the electrochemical deposition of lead (Pb) onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes in a sodium nitrate bath (0.4M NaNO3) at constant potential conditions. The kinetics electrodeposition processes have been in situ monitored for advanced nucleation stages by chronoamperometry for various temperature at fixed concentration of Pb2+, that is 0.1M. The microstructure and morphological characteristics of the deposit layers were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray EDX techniques. The results show that the current density as well as the deposits density strongly depend on the temperature. The correlation between the experimental results and the theoretical process of the lead deposits was discussed and verified.

Novel Composite of Nano-Sized SiO2/Chitosan Induce the Growth of HAp Crystal

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 483-486
Author(s):  
Shao Wei Huang ◽  
Xu Dong Wang ◽  
Weng Juan Zhang ◽  
Chang Lu ◽  
Zhi Hong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Chitosan Film ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Simulate Body Fluid ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
Initial Nucleation ◽  
Biomimetic Approach ◽  
Sbf Solution

A novel hybrid material of chitosan/nano-sized SiO2/hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite was prepared through a biomimetic approach. HAp deposited in situ on the surface of chitosan/ nano-sized SiO2 composite film in simulate body fluid (SBF) solution at 36.5°C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to study composition and morphological characteristics of the HAp crystal. The results indicated that nano-sized SiO2 dispersed in the chitosan film provided initial nucleation sites for the growth of the HAp in SBF solution by adsorbing further PO4 3−, Ca2+ due to the induction of HAp formed. The strength of the composite was largely improved because of the addition of nano-sized SiO2.

scholarly journals A Graphene-Based Microfluidic Platform for Electrocrystallization and In Situ X-ray Diffraction

Crystals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Sui ◽  
Yuxi Wang ◽  
Christos Dimitrakopoulos ◽  
Sarah Perry
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Internal Electric Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Microfluidic Platform ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Egg White Lysozyme ◽  
Constant Potential ◽  
Transparent Windows

Here, we describe a novel microfluidic platform for use in electrocrystallization experiments. The device incorporates ultra-thin graphene-based films as electrodes and as X-ray transparent windows to enable in situ X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, large-area graphene films serve as a gas barrier, creating a stable sample environment over time. We characterize different methods for fabricating graphene electrodes, and validate the electrical capabilities of our device through the use of methyl viologen, a redox-sensitive dye. Proof-of-concept electrocrystallization experiments using an internal electric field at constant potential were performed using hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) as a model system. We observed faster nucleation and crystal growth, as well as a higher signal-to-noise for diffraction data obtained from crystals prepared in the presence of an applied electric field. Although this work is focused on the electrocrystallization of proteins for structural biology, we anticipate that this technology should also find utility in a broad range of both X-ray technologies and other applications of microfluidic technology.

scholarly journals Analysis of Growth Mechanisms and Microstructure Evolution of Pb+2 Minor Concentrations by Electrodeposition Technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Rebey ◽  
R. Hamdi ◽  
B. Hammami
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrodeposition Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxide Electrodes ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Constant Potential

Abstract In this study, the electrodeposition technique has been used to deposit low concentrations of highly toxic lead (Pb) cations into a solution of nitrate at a constant potential of -1V on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes (FTO). Monitoring of the reaction was conducted with the assistance of a computerized potentiostat/galvanostat setup, in cyclic voltammetry and in situ chronoamperometry modes. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-Ray, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy techniques were used to examine the crystal structure, morphology, and optical properties of the lead deposits, respectively. Pb regular micro-hexagons have been identified; their size and density were significantly influenced by the cationic precursor’s concentration. The correlation between the morphological and crystallographical structures of the electrodeposits was discussed. Based on chronoamperometric measurements, a mechanism for the growth of Pb deposits on FTO substrate has been proposed. Based on the reported results, electrodeposition processes of low heavy metals concentrations in contaminated water could be optimized using the eco-friendly electrodeposition technique.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Structural and optical properties of Tin Oxide and Indium doped SnO2 thin films deposited by thermal evaporation technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4394-4399
Author(s):  
Sura Ali Noaman ◽  
Rashid Owaid Kadhim ◽  
Saleem Azara Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Thermal Evaporation ◽  
Pure Sno2 ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural And Optical Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Sno2 Thin Films

Tin Oxide and Indium doped Tin Oxide (SnO2:In) thin films were deposited on glass and Silicon  substrates  by  thermal evaporation technique.  X-ray diffraction pattern of  pure SnO2 and SnO2:In thin films annealed at 650oC and the results showed  that the structure have tetragonal phase with preferred orientation in (110) plane. AFM studies showed an inhibition of grain growth with increase in indium concentration. SEM studies of pure  SnO2 and  Indium doped tin oxide (SnO2:In) ) thin films showed that the films with regular distribution of particles and they have spherical shape.  Optical properties such as  Transmission , optical band-gap have been measured and calculated.

In-situ Investigation of Bainite Formation with fast X-Ray Diffraction (iXRD)

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 355-364
Author(s):  
A. Kopp ◽  
T. Bernthaler ◽  
D. Schmid ◽  
G. Ketzer-Raichle ◽  
G. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Situ Investigation
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