Asymptomatic malaria and anemia among pregnant women during high and low malaria transmission seasons in Burkina Faso: household-based cross-sectional surveys in Burkina Faso, 2013–2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toussaint Rouamba ◽  
Sékou Samadoulougou ◽  
Mady Ouédraogo ◽  
Hervé Hien ◽  
Halidou Tinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transmission Season ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriage ◽  
Low Malaria Transmission ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background: Malaria in endemic countries is often asymptomatic during pregnancy, but it has substantial consequences for both the mother and her unborn baby. In Burkina Faso, the prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy and its main consequence, anemia, during high and low malaria transmission seasons is underexplored at the household level.Methods: Data of 1751 pregnant women from October 2013 to March 2014 and 1931 pregnant women from April 2017 to June 2017 were drawn from two cross-sectional household surveys conducted in 24 health districts of Burkina Faso. Pregnant women were tested for malaria in their household after consenting. Asymptomatic carriage was defined as a positive result from malaria rapid diagnostic tests in the absence of malaria symptoms. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin level less than 11 g/dL.Results: Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy was estimated at 23.9% (95%CI: 20.2–28.0) during the high transmission season (October–November) in 2013. During the low transmission season, it was 12.7% (95%CI: 10.9–14.7) between December and March in 2013–2014 and halved (6.4%; 95%CI: 5.3–7.6) between April and June 2017. Anemia prevalence was estimated at 43.7% (95%CI: 39.3–48.3) during the high transmission season in 2013. During the low transmission season, it was 32.7% (95%CI: 30.1–35.5) between December and March 2013–2014 and 46.6% (95%CI: 44.3–48.9) between April and June, 2017.Conclusion: Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy was significantly higher during the high malaria transmission season while anemia prevalence was lower. Our study provides an opportunity to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage and one of its main consequences, anemia, among pregnant women at the community level throughout the year. In order to mitigate the harmful effects of asymptomatic carriage for both the mother and fetus, health programs aimed at increasing the number of women coming into contact with health workers are necessary.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic malaria and anaemia among pregnant women during high and low malaria transmission seasons in Burkina Faso: household-based cross-sectional surveys in Burkina Faso, 2013 and 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toussaint Rouamba ◽  
Sékou Samadoulougou ◽  
Mady Ouédraogo ◽  
Hervé Hien ◽  
Halidou Tinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transmission Season ◽  
Low Transmission ◽  
High Transmission ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriage ◽  
Low Malaria Transmission

Abstract Background Malaria in endemic countries is often asymptomatic during pregnancy, but it has substantial consequences for both the mother and her unborn baby. During pregnancy, anaemia is an important consequence of malaria infection. In Burkina Faso, the intensity of malaria varies according to the season, albeit the prevalence of malaria and anaemia as well as their risk factors, during high and low malaria transmission seasons is underexplored at the household level. Methods Data of 1751 pregnant women from October 2013 to March 2014 and 1931 pregnant women from April 2017 to June 2017 were drawn from two cross-sectional household surveys conducted in 24 health districts of Burkina Faso. Pregnant women were tested for malaria in their household after consenting. Asymptomatic carriage was defined as a positive result from malaria rapid diagnostic tests in the absence of clinical symptoms of malaria. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin level less than 11 g/dL in the first and third trimester and less than 10.5 g/dL in the second trimester of pregnancy. Results Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy was estimated at 23.9% (95% CI 20.2–28.0) during the high transmission season (October–November) in 2013. During the low transmission season, it was 12.7% (95% CI 10.9–14.7) between December and March in 2013–2014 and halved (6.4%; 95% CI 5.3–7.6) between April and June 2017. Anaemia prevalence was estimated at 59.4% (95% CI 54.8–63.8) during the high transmission season in 2013. During the low transmission season, it was 50.6% (95% CI 47.7–53.4) between December and March 2013–2014 and 65.0% (95% CI 62.8–67.2) between April and June, 2017. Conclusion This study revealed that the prevalence of malaria asymptomatic carriage and anaemia among pregnant women at the community level remain high throughout the year. Thus, more efforts are needed to increase prevention measures such as IPTp–SP coverage in order to reduce anaemia and contribute to preventing low birth weight and poor pregnancy outcomes.

scholarly journals Risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women in Burkina Faso: a community-based cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Baptiste Yaro ◽  
Alphonse Ouedraogo ◽  
Amidou Diarra ◽  
Salif Sombié ◽  
Z. Amidou Ouedraogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Malaria in pregnancy remains a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Identifying risk factors for malaria in pregnancy could assist in developing interventions to reduce the risk of malaria in Burkina Faso and other countries in the region. Methods Two cross-sectional surveys were carried out to measure Plasmodium falciparum infection using microscopy in pregnant women in Saponé Health District, central Burkina Faso. Data were collected on individual, household and environmental variables and their association with P. falciparum infection assessed using multivariable analysis. Results A total of 356 pregnant women were enrolled in the surveys, 174 during the dry season and 182 during the wet season. The mean number of doses of sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine for Intermittent Preventive Treatment in pregnancy (IPTp-SP) was 0.4 doses during the first trimester, 1.1 doses at the second and 2.3 doses at the third. Overall prevalence of P. falciparum infection by microscopy was 15.7%; 17.8% in the dry season and 13.7% in the wet season. 88.2% of pregnant women reported sleeping under an insecticide-treated net (ITN) on the previous night. The odds of P. falciparum infection was 65% lower in women who reported using an ITN compared to those that did not use an ITN (Odds ratio, OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.14–0.86, p = 0.02). IPTp-SP was also associated with reduced P. falciparum infection, with each additional dose of IPTp-SP reducing the odds of infection by 44% (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.39–0.79, p = 0.001). Literate women had a 2.54 times higher odds of P. falciparum infection compared to illiterate women (95% CI 1.31–4.91, p = 0.006). Conclusions The prevalence of P. falciparum infection among pregnant women remains high in Burkina Faso, although use of IPTp-SP and ITNs were found to reduce the odds of infection. Despite this, compliance with IPTp-SP remains far from that recommended by the National Malaria Control Programme and World Health Organization. Behaviour change communication should be strengthened to encourage compliance with protective malaria control tools during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Low Prevalence of Asymptomatic Malaria in Pregnancy among Subjects Attending Antenatal Clinic at a Tertiary Hospital in Bauchi, Nigeria: A Preliminary Report

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. S. Kadas ◽  
K. O. Okon ◽  
M. Alkali ◽  
Y. B. Jibrin ◽  
S. T. Balogun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy still posed clinical challenge and diagnostic problem. The preventive measures are often advocated during antenatal visits. This study assessed the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy among subjects attending ante-natal clinics. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 140 volunteer asymptomatic pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital (ATBUTH) between July and September 2017. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on sociodemography, obstetric history and malaria control practices from the subjects following an informed consent. They were subjected to malaria screening by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and Giemsa-stained blood smears were prepared for RDT-positive subjects. The malaria positive subjects were treated according to national treatment guidelines on malaria in pregnancy. Results: The overall mean (standard deviation) age of the 140 subjects was 24.2 (±10.3) years with majority within the age group of 27-32 years (41.4%, 58/140; p<0.05). Only three of the 140 subjects had malaria parasitaemia giving a prevalence of 2.1% (3/140). Among all the variables analyzed, malaria in pregnancy was associated with only older age (p<0.05) in the present study.  Conclusion: The study revealed low prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among pregnant women attending ATBUTH, Nigeria and could be attributed to the satisfactory ante-natal and malaria prevention practices. However, elaborate epidemiological studies are required to ascertain the finding.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Plasmodium Falciparum Infection in Pregnant Women in Burkina Faso: A Community-Based Malaria Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Baptiste Yaro ◽  
Alphonse Ouedraogo ◽  
Amidou Diarra ◽  
Salif Sombié ◽  
Z Amidou Ouedraogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background: Malaria in pregnancy remains a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Identifying risk factors for malaria in pregnancy could assist in developing interventions to reduce the risk of malaria in Burkina Faso and other countries in the region.Methodology: Two cross-sectional surveys were carried out to measure Plasmodium falciparum infection using microscopy in pregnant women in Saponé Health District, central Burkina Faso. Data were collected on individual, household and environmental variables and their association with P. falciparum infection assessed using multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 356 pregnant women were enrolled in the surveys, 174 during the dry season and 182 during the wet season. The mean number of doses of sulphadoxine pyrimethamine for Intermittent Preventive Treatment in pregnancy (IPTp-SP) was 0.4 doses during the first trimester, 1.1 doses at the second and 2.3 doses at the third. Overall prevalence of P. falciparum infection by microscopy was 15.7%; 17.8% in the dry season and 13.7% in the wet season. 88.2% of pregnant women reported sleeping under an insecticide-treated net on the previous night. P. falciparum infection risk in pregnancy was reduced in those women who reported using an ITN (Odds ratio, OR=0.31, 95% CI 0.12-0.79, p=0.02) and an increasing number of IPTp-SP doses during pregnancy, with each additional dose reducing the odds by 40% (OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.43–0.81, p<0.001). ConclusionThe prevalence of P. falciparum infection among pregnant women remains high in Burkina Faso although use of IPTp-SP and ITNs were found to reduce the odds of infection. Despite this, compliance with IPTp remains far from that recommended by the National Malaria Control Programme and World Health Organization. Behaviour change communication should be improved to encourage compliance with protective malaria control tools during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Antigen persistence of rapid diagnostic tests in pregnant women in Nanoro, Burkina Faso, and the implications for the diagnosis of malaria in pregnancy

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna H. Kattenberg ◽  
Christian M. Tahita ◽  
Inge A. J. Versteeg ◽  
Halidou Tinto ◽  
Maminata Traoré-Coulibaly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Antigen Persistence ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparuminfection, anaemia and use of ITNs among pregnant women yet to receive IPTp in parts of southern Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Leslie L Afutu ◽  
Johnson N Boampong ◽  
Neils B Quashie
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Parasite Density ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
To Receive ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy evades most fever-based surveillance systems yet causes significant morbidities such as anaemia in the pregnant woman and low birth weight in the neonate. Objective:This study determined the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria and its association with anaemia among pregnant women who are yet to receive their first dose of Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) as intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp). Information on the use of insecticide treated nets(ITNs)as vector control by the pregnant women was also sought. Methods: This is a cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted in the Western Region of Ghana. Pregnant women at gestational ages, 16-26 wkwere included. A structured questionnaire was used to collect vital information from the participants. Plasmodiumparasitaemia was determined by rapid diagnostic test (MRDT), microscopy and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Anaemia was classified using the level of haemoglobin. Results: A total of 413 antenatal clinic attendants were recruited. Prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparuminfection was 13.1% by MRDT, 10.1% by microscopy and 13.8% by PCR. The mean haemoglobin was 10.73g/dL. Prevalence of anaemia was 40.49% and the mean parasite density was 149.6 parasite/μL. Pregnant women with asymptomatic malaria were 4 times more at risk of being anaemic (adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval: 4.42, 1.82 -10.70)than those who did not have malaria. There was statistically significant negative correlation between parasite density and anaemia (r=0.0028, p=0.02). Conclusion: Asymptomatic P. falciparuminfection was found among some of the pregnant women and the presence of the parasites make them 4 times at increased risk of developing anaemia. Anaemia when occurring amongst such women was significantly worsened by increasing parasitaemia.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Anemia in Pregnancy in Cascades Region in Burkina Faso

2015 ◽  
pp. 663-664
Author(s):  
Ilboudo Bernard ◽  
Savadogo G. Léon Blaise ◽  
Kinda Maurice ◽  
Guiguemde T. Robert ◽  
Dramaix-wilmet Michèle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Anemia In Pregnancy ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objectives: To analyze the factors associated with anemia in pregnancy in the Cascades region in Burkina Faso. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in antenatal clinics of the Cascades region in Burkina Faso during one month from May to June 2012. We collected data on socio-demographics and health characteristics of pregnant women attending these clinics. Hemoglobin was measured to assess anemia. Factors associated with anemia were identified through a multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 1763 pregnant women, irrespectively of pregnancy stage, were enrolled. The mean (SD) hemoglobin level was 10.6 (1.4) g/dl. The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy was 58.9%, 3.2% of them being severe. Factors associated with anemia were the absence of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria with sulfadoxin-pyrimetamin (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0-1.7), number of pregnancies >6 (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1-1.9). Moderate consumption of local alcohol extracted from Palmyra was associated with a lower prevalence of anemia (OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5-0.9). Surprisingly, anemia was not associated with supplementation with folic acid + iron (p = 0.60). Conclusions: Interventions which aim to reduce the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy in Burkina Faso should improve the coverage of the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria and support the limitation of births.

scholarly journals Malaria Detection using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Method in Pregnant Women’s Saliva on Several Hospitals in North Sulawesi Province

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewanto Khrisnamurti
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objective: To detect malaria by PCR examination of saliva in pregnant women and to obtain the incidence of malaria and the type of plasmodium causing malaria in pregnant women at various hospital in North Sulawesi. Method: A descriptive cross sectional study in pregnant women during antenatal care at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine University of Sam Ratulangi/Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou General Hospital in Manado, R.W. Monginsidi Hospital in Manado, Bethesda Hospital in Tomohon, and Datoe Binangkang Hospital in Kotamobagu, from 1 April until 31 May 2008. Result: There were 43 pregnant women clinically diagnosed with malaria, 23 (53.49%) by PCR examination of saliva and 20 (46.59%) by blood smears. From 23 cases of malaria in pregnancy detected by PCR, there were 18 diagnosed as tropical malaria, 3 tertian malaria, and 2 mixed malaria. Conclusions: The incidence of malaria in pregnancy at various hospital in North Sulawesi using PCR methods for saliva examination from April 1 - May 31 2008 is 53.49%. In this study malaria are mostly caused by Plasmodium falciparum with the largest incidence in primigravida, in the first trimester. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 36-1:14-9] Keywords: malaria, PCR, pregnancy, saliva

scholarly journals Plasmodium falciparum malaria during pregnancy: the impact of parasitaemia and anaemia on birthweight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawood Ackom Abass ◽  
Abdul-Hakim Mutala ◽  
Christian Kwasi Owusu ◽  
Bernard Walter Lartekwei Lawson ◽  
Kingsley Badu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Malaria in pregnancy remains a major problem of public health concern in Sub-Saharan Africa due to its endemicity and the diverse consequences on both the mother and the baby. Much attention, therefore, is needed to fully understand the epidemiology of the disease and to mitigate the devastating outcomes. The present study aimed at investigating malaria in pregnancy, its adverse effects on pregnant women and the impact on birthweight of babies. A total of 222 pregnant women gave their consent and were recruited into the study during their routine Antenatal care visits. This study employed a combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study designs. For 122 women in the cross-sectional arm, blood samples and data were obtained once, whilst 100 women in the longitudinal cohort arm were followed up from recruitment until delivery. Demographic information, obstetric history and risk factors were obtained by administering questionnaires. About 1.0 ml of venous blood was drawn to determine malaria parasitaemia and anaemia status of the participants. The birthweights of the babies were also taken at delivery. The prevalence of malaria and anaemia was 19.8% and 27.0% respectively at registration for all 222 participants. All infections were P. falciparum malaria. One hundred and forty-six (65.8%) of participants had ITN but only 72 (32.4%) used it the previous night. Young age and rural settings were risk factors for malaria. Young age and malaria positive pregnant women had increased risk of anaemia. In the follow-up group which ended with 54 participants, the overall prevalence of malaria and anaemia were 18.7% and 32.4% respectively. Fifty-two (96.3%) of pregnant women attended ANC ≥ 4 times and 55.6% took ≥ 3 doses of SP. There were two cases of miscarriage. Low birthweight occurred in 5.6% of babies. Both malaria and anaemia during pregnancy had no significant impact on birthweight of the babies. Although few of the babies had low birthweight, this number can be further reduced when pregnant women attend ANC and take SP at the recommended number of times.

scholarly journals Screening and Treating Malaria in Pregnancy by Community Health Workers in Benin, Burkina Faso and Gambia: Profiles, Perceptions and Time Commitments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Duval ◽  
Elisa Sicuri ◽  
Susana Scott ◽  
Maminata Traoré ◽  
Halidou Tinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background To date, there have been few studies on the roles and challenges that community health workers (CHWs) face when encouraging pregnant women to attend health facilities and provide community-based interventions including scheduled screening and treatment (CSST) for malaria. This study investigates the characteristics, daily activities and time commitments of CHWs tasked with delivering CSST as part of a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Benin, Burkina Faso and Gambia. Methods 45 CHWs were interviewed and observed in three rural settings in West Africa, both during and outside the malaria transmission seasons. Results CHWs in all three settings were predominantly male, over 30 years old and relied on farming for income. Most had completed secondary school in Benin (77%) but not in Burkina Faso (33%) or The Gambia (27%). In Benin, most had been in post between 5 to 10 years; in Burkina Faso and The Gambia the majority had been CHWs for over 10 years. CHWs in Burkina Faso received the highest monthly financial reward for taking part in the trial (US$40), next was Benin (US$22.60) and finally Gambian CHWs received US$11. While the CHWs welcomed the increased training, knowledge and skills they acquired on screening and treating malaria in pregnancy afforded by the trial, they also expressed concern about the transportation challenges of successful community-based interventions in remote areas. CHW duties were a bigger time commitment in Burkina Faso than Benin. The time committed to CHW activities (trial and non-trial) was longer during than outside the malaria transmission season. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of taking into account the variety of existing CHW responsibilities when designing and implementing evidence-based policy to address malaria in pregnancy. The findings emphasise the need to consider both financial and non-financial factors likely to impact the scale-up and sustainability of interventions beyond trial conditions.

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