scholarly journals Serological Study of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Japanese Cats: Analysis of Risk Factors Among Cat Lifestyles

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Imanishi ◽  
Ryota Asahina ◽  
Shunji Hayashi ◽  
Jumpei Uchiyama ◽  
Masaharu Hisasue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Serological Study ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Specific Igg

Abstract Background Little is known about the epidemic status of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in cats living in Japan, and about the influence of cat lifestyles on the SARS-CoV-2 infection epidemic in cats. Results We developed protein A/G-based ELISA, which was standardized using positive rabbit antibodies. The measured values of this ELISA were consistent with those of conventional anti-feline IgG-based ELISA. We then collected blood samples from 1,969 cats that visited veterinary clinics in Japan from June to July 2020 and examined for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Using protein A/G-based ELISA, nine cats were found to have SARS-CoV-2 S1-specific IgG, among which four had RBD-specific IgG. Among those nine samples, one showed neutralizing activity. Based on these, we estimated that the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in cats living in Japan was 0.05% (1/1,969 samples). This prevalence did not differ much from the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 in humans conducted in Japan at that time. Furthermore, we searched for factors associated with the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in cats using our data and information from five countries (China, Croatia, France, Germany, and Italy). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in cats was correlated with the rate of keeping indoor-only. Conclusions Protein A/G-based ELISA has the potential to be a standardized method to measure anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cats. The infection status of SARS-CoV-2 in cats in Japan is linked to that in humans, and the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cats may be controlled by their living environment.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with infection by Neospora caninum of dairy cattle in the state of Alagoas, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1009-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Sousa ◽  
J.N. Porto Wagnner ◽  
Pedro P.F. Albuquerque ◽  
Orestes L. Souza Neto ◽  
Eduardo B. Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Serological Investigation

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle from milk producing farms of the microregion of Batalha, state of Alagoas, Brazil, as well as to identify the risk factors associated with the infection. Blood samples were collected from 1,004 cattle of 17 farms for the serological investigation regarding the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies by the Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction Technique (IMRT). From the total amount of samples analyzed, 77/1,004 (7.67%) were positive and 927/1,004 (92.33%) were negative. The logistical regression identified that cattle from farms without consortium breeding have an infection risk 6.33 (p<0.001; C.I. 2.89-13.10) times higher than cattle from farms with that type of breeding. Cattle from farms where the aborted fetuses are not adequately buried have an infection risk 3.04 (p<0.001; C.I. 1.64-5.63) times higher than cattle from farms with adequate destination of these fetuses. Infection by N. caninum occurs in cattle of the investigated region. The factors identified in our study can be used as risk indicators, so that control measures could be implemented to avoid infection by N. caninum in the herds of this region.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Survey among SARS-CoV-1 Infected Healthcare Workers after Three Years Post-Infection

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Szu-Wei Huang ◽  
Aspiro Nayim Urbina ◽  
Yi-Ming Arthur Chen ◽  
Sheng-Fan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Neutralization Ability

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are on the frontline fighting several infectious diseases including SARS-CoV-1 and COVID-19. Coronavirus neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) were recently reported to last for a certain period. The factors affecting nAbs’ existence remain unclear. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the factors correlating with nAbs’ from SARS-CoV-1 long-term convalescence HCWs in Taiwan. One hundred and thirty SARS-CoV-1 convalescent patients were recruited between August 2006 and March 2007. Blood samples were collected to determine the anti-nucleocapsid (N) and anti-spike (S) antibodies’ existence status and neutralization ability. Neutralization ability was measured using SARS-CoV-1 pseudotyped viruses. Statistical analysis of factors associated with anti-SARS-CoV-1 antibodies’ existence status was determined using SAS software. 46.2% SARS-CoV-1 convalescent patients presented anti-N antibody after three years post-infection. Among sixty participants, ten participants co-presented anti-S antibodies. Eight participants with anti-S antibody displayed neutralization ability to SARS-CoV-1. The gender, age, and disease severity of participants did not affect the anti-N antibody existence status, whereas the anti-S antibody is significantly reduced in participants with old age (>50 years, p = 0.0434) after three years post SARS-CoV-1 infection. This study suggests that age is an important factor correlated with the duration of SARS-CoV-1 protective antibody existence status.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Neospora caninum in crossbred dairy cows in Uberlândia

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayara Resende Nasciutti ◽  
Patrícia Magalhães de Oliveira ◽  
Vinícius De Morais Barbosa ◽  
Selwyn Arlington Headley ◽  
Felipe Gonçalves Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The City

Neospora caninum causes reproductive disorders in dairy cattle such as repeat breeding, abortion, and anestrus, which are risk factors associated with the seroprevalence of N. caninum in Brazil and worldwide. This study aimed to verify the risk factors related to the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in crossbred dairy cows in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. During, January to July 2013, 740 blood samples were collected from 57 herds with a history of reproductive disorders and determinations of antibody titers against N. caninum were obtained by ELISA assay. The seroprevalence of N. caninum was 18.4% (136/740). Risk factors for N. caninum were cows greater than 2 years of age (P = 0.034), mechanical milking (P = 0.012), and frequent purchase of animals (P = 0.004), in addition to individual history of abortion (P = 0.007) and repeat breeding (P = 0.030). The highest probability of occurrence of associated risk factors was associated with individual history of abortion and repeated breeding and the frequent purchase of animals, with odds of 12.8, 5.9, and 3.8 times, respectively. In conclusion, the risk factors associated with N. caninum: members of the female sex and cows with more than 2 years-of-age, mechanical milking, and the frequent purchase of animals, in addition to individual history of abortion and repeated breeding.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFICACY BETWEEN THIRD GENERATION ELISA AND FOURTH GENERATION TRI-DOT TEST TO DETECT SEROPREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS-C INFECTION IN PATIENTS ON HAEMODIALYSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rati Saxena ◽  
Rahul Goyal ◽  
R. N. Behara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Factors Associated

INTRODUCTION: Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) that detects antibodies directed against various HCV epitopes. HCV TRI-DOT test is a rapid, protein A immunofiltration assay for the qualitative detection of anti HCV antibodies in serum or plasma with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 91.5%. The study was conducted to compare the efficacy between 3rd generation ELISA and 4th generation TRI-DOT test to detect the seroprevalence of HCV and to assess the risk factors associated with HCV infection in the patients who are on haemodialysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted to compare the efficacy between 3rd generation ELISA and 4th generation TRI-DOT test to detect the seroprevalence of HCV and to assess the risk factors associated with HCV infection in the patients who are on haemodialysis. Sera of 150 adult CRF patients on &gt;2 months haemodialysis tested by TRIDOT test and then by ELISA. Demographic data of all included patients reviewed for risk factors. Statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS program for Windows, version 17.0. RESULTS: Out of 150 cases, 17 were found seropositive for HCV by TRI-DOT test and 16 were found seropositive for HCV by ELISA. One hundred and one patients were males and 49 were females. Maximum positive patients fell in 36-55 years age group. Duration of haemodialysis, mean blood transfusion, number of dialysis centre changed found almost double in HCV reactive patients than in non reactive. Sensitivity of HCV TRI-DOT is 100% and specificity is 99.3%, positive predictive value is 94.1% and negative predictive value is 100% in comparison of ELISA. CONCLUSION: Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C in haemodialysis patients in our institute is 10.7%. Risk factors for HCV infection in haemodialysis patients included duration of haemodialysis, number of haemodialysis centre changed, number of blood transfusion unit transfused, male gender and middle age. The sensitivity of HCV TRI-DOT is equal to HCV ELISA but the specificity is slightly less.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the serological prevalence of Salmonella enterica in Greek finishing swineherds

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 599-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. LEONTIDES ◽  
E. GRAFANAKIS ◽  
C. GENIGEORGIS
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Procaine Penicillin

Blood samples were taken from 50 finishing pigs at 90–105 kg in each of 59 randomly selected farrow-to-finish herds. The sera were tested for antibodies to Salmonella enterica by the Danish mix-ELISA. Samples with an optical density of >10% were considered to be positive. Associations between the odds of seropositivity of pigs and possible risk factors were evaluated in multivariable logistic regression models. The results of the analysis indicated that pigs fed non-pelleted dry or wet ration had 11 (P=0·0004) or 9 (P=0·02) times, respectively, lower odds of seropositivity than those fed pelleted ration. The risk of seropositivity was 4 (P=0·0006) times higher in pigs fed a combination of chlortetracycline, procaine penicillin and sulphamethazine during fattening than in those fed an approved growth promotor or a probiotic.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors to Leptospira sp. infection in dogs attended at veterinary clinics in João Pessoa, Paraíba State, Northeastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. e144154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Willian De Lima Brasil ◽  
Diego Figueiredo Da Costa ◽  
Carla Lauise Rodrigues Menezes Pimenta ◽  
Roberta Nunes Parentoni ◽  
Clebert José Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The City

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Leptospira sp. in dogs attended at veterinary clinics in the city of João Pessoa, State of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil.  A total of 384 blood samples from dogs from 34 veterinary clinics were used from April 2015 to May 2016. The diagnosis of Leptospira sp. was carried out through Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), using a collection of 20 pathogenic antigens and adopting a 1: 100 dilution as cutoff point. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to the owners of the animals to obtain data to be used in the analysis of risk factors. The prevalence of seropositive animals was 11.7% (45/384), with reactions for serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae (62.3%), Grippotyphosa (22.2%), Canicola (13.3%), Djasiman 2%) and Pomona (2.2%). The following risk factors were identified: age from 49 to 72 months (odds ratio = 2.74), Age > 72 months (odds ratio = 3.22), and monthly cleaning of the environment where the animals are kept (odds ratio = 10,70). It is concluded that dogs attended at veterinary clinics in João Pessoa are exposed to infection by Leptospira sp., with predominance of serogroups kept by wild animals, and it is suggested that the periodic cleaning of the environment where the animals are kept.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Neutralizing Antibody Level in One Year After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liang ◽  
Guanting Zhang ◽  
Mingxing Huang ◽  
Wenshan Hong ◽  
An'an Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Immune Ability ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background: A lot of recent researches have focused on the duration of the nature immunity elicited by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. An improved understanding of the immunity offered by the antibodies developed against SARS-CoV-2 in recovered patients is critical for the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines. Methods: We enrolled 114 donors, which providing blood samples after discharge for half a year and one year. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were tested using a micro-neutralization assay. Results: In two tests, 82 of 114 recovered patients completed the first test half a year after discharge and NAbs remained detectable in the vast majority of patients (75/82, 91.46%). In the comparison of the two intervals, 50% (27/54) of individuals had increased NAbs titers. when 31.48% (17/54) of patients remained unchanged. Conclusion: Our results suggest that immune ability is acquired in most individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 and is sustained in a majority of patients for up to a year after recovery.

scholarly journals Potential Risk Factors Associated with Infection with Bovine Leukaemia Virus in Dairy and Beef Cattle in Taiwan

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1553
Author(s):  
Yi-Chen Chen ◽  
Wen-Yu Chin ◽  
Chao-Chin Chang ◽  
Shih-Te Chuang ◽  
Wei-Li Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Bovine Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Prevalence

Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV), which is classified as a Deltaretrovirus, is the aetiologic agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder with a worldwide distribution. EBL is widespread in dairy herds and causes a direct economic impact due to reduced milk production and the early culling of BLV-infected cattle. The BLV infection status in Taiwan remains largely unknown; a high prevalence of BLV in dairy cows was recently revealed. The present study further investigated BLV infections in beef cattle. Surprisingly, the prevalence of BLV proviral DNA was as low as 11.8% (23/195), which is significantly lower than that noted in dairy cows, which was 42.5% (102/240) (p < 0.001). Factors associated with BLV infections were subsequently investigated. Due to the differences in herd management, an analysis of risk factors for a BLV infection was independently conducted in these two sectors. Several factors associated with a BLV infection were identified. Age was significantly associated with BLV infection status in dairy cows (p < 0.001) but not in beef cattle. A high prevalence of BLV was observed in cattle >15.5 months old (57.8%) compared with those ≤15.5 months old (11.4%). Moreover, after stratification analysis, based on the critical age of 15.5 months, as determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, a significantly higher BLV prevalence was demonstrated in lactating dairy cows, cattle undergoing bull breeding, heifers at older ages, and those undergoing routine rectal palpation. Due to the high prevalence of BLV in Taiwan, the development of an effective control program, based on the identified risk factors, is important for interrupting the routes of BLV transmission within herds.

scholarly journals Occurrence of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 2245-2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Maria Lara ◽  
Sueli Akemi Taniwaki ◽  
João Pessoa Araújo Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

The occurrence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in Brazil has been previously described. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of FIV infection in 454 blood samples from healthy and sick domestic cats from 13 cities of São Paulo State, Brazil as well as to evaluate the risk factors associated with the infection. The results showed that 14.7% (67/454) of the cats were infected with FIV. The clinical evaluation showed that 29.2% of the FIV-positive animals were sick, while 7.3% did not show any type of clinical manifestation. In addition, the vast majority (23.1%) of positive cases corresponded to free-roaming owned cats. The incidence of FIV infection was higher in males (20.3%) than in females (9.7%). The results suggest that certain characteristics such as gender, health status and lifestyle may be associated with the risk of being infected with FIV in the population of cats studied.

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